{
    "abstract": "While mRNA vaccines represent a transformative platform for infectious disease control, their efficacy in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) remains vulnerable to endogenous regulatory networks, particularly microRNA (miR)-mediated translational suppression. This study addresses a critical gap in current vaccine design paradigms by systematically investigating host miR interference - an understudied barrier to robust antigen production.\nAPCs express cell-type-specific miR repertoires capable of binding vaccine mRNAs through conserved seed sequences, as evidenced by synthesis of experimental data from 67 studies demonstrating miR-mediated repression of exogenous transcripts. To decode these inhibitory interactions, the commentary proposes an integrated multi-omics framework combining Argonaute immunoprecipitation with crosslinking-based miR-mRNA interactome sequencing, enabling precise mapping of miR-vaccine mRNA binding events in vaccine-transfected APCs. Furthermore, the commentary suggests two actionable strategies for evading miR interference: (1) Synonymous codon optimization at seed-match regions, achieving binding energy reduction while preserving antigenicity through degeneracy of genetic coding; (2) Targeted co-delivery of miR inhibitors. By bridging host RNA biology and vaccine engineering, this work provides a blueprint for developing miR-resistant mRNA vaccines for public health interventions.\nmiRs may inhibit mRNA vaccine translation in APCs, potentially reducing antigen production and weakening the resulting immune response. To address this, next-generation mRNA vaccines should incorporate \"miR-proofing\" strategies during design to avoid miR interference.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Evidence-Based Medicine Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China. jxciq_xtl@126.com.",
            "firstname": "Tielong",
            "initials": "T",
            "lastname": "Xu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Evidence-Based Medicine Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.",
            "firstname": "Ziqi",
            "initials": "Z",
            "lastname": "Lin"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Affiliated hospital, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.",
            "firstname": "Yicheng",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Yu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Evidence-Based Medicine Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.\nSchool of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.",
            "firstname": "Muhammad",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Irfan"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.",
            "firstname": "Munir",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Ahmed"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "International Education College, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.\nDepartment of Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.",
            "firstname": "Maya",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Septriana"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "International Education College, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.",
            "firstname": "Twinky Zebrina Cysta",
            "initials": "TZC",
            "lastname": "Sumantri"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "International Education College, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.\nDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Health, IIK Bhakti Wiyata Kediri, Kediri, Indonesia.",
            "firstname": "Anindini Winda",
            "initials": "AW",
            "lastname": "Amalia"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. cdcipdzhengbin@126.com.",
            "firstname": "Bin",
            "initials": "B",
            "lastname": "Zheng"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2025. The Author(s).",
    "doi": "10.1186/s40249-025-01308-6\n10.1038/190576a0\n10.1038/mt.2012.7\n10.1056/NEJMoa2034577\n10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.03.034\n10.1016/j.addr.2022.114416\n10.1038/s41541-020-0159-8\n10.1093/nar/12.18.7057\n10.1111/ijd.16910\n10.1371/journal.pbio.0030085\n10.1038/s41573-021-00283-5\n10.1007/s12079-022-00705-y\n10.1146/annurev-immunol-041015-055700\n10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.056\n10.1016/j.febslet.2014.01.009\n10.1016/j.cell.2015.02.025\n10.1261/rna.078694.121\n10.1371/journal.ppat.1007843\n10.1038/emboj.2012.63\n10.2174/2211536608666181203103233\n10.3390/biom14010132\n10.1038/s41467-023-40185-1\n10.1016/j.jim.2015.07.006",
    "journal": "Infectious diseases of poverty",
    "keywords": [
        "Host\u2013pathogen interaction",
        "MicroRNA",
        "Public health interventions",
        "mRNA vaccine",
        "mRNA vaccine technology"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-04-28",
    "pubmed_id": "40289130\n22334017\n33301246\n40143545\n35787388\n32047656\n6207484\n37953650\n15723116\n34433919\n36357651\n27716504\n24444604\n25768906\n33795480\n31393953\n22473208\n30501607\n38275761\n37507393\n26187895",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Mitigating host microRNA interference to enhance mRNA vaccine efficacy in public health interventions.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x7885042f4590>"
}