{
    "abstract": "To compare the histological features, biomechanical properties, water permeability, and osmotic stress responses of human buccal mucosa and penile skin flaps to evaluate their suitability as urethral graft substitutes.\nBuccal mucosa (n\u2009=\u200953) and penile skin flap (n\u2009=\u200959) were prepared for histological assessment of tissue structural characteristics and vascular patterns using H&E staining and immunofluorescence. Biomechanical properties were evaluated through mechanical testing, water permeability through deuterium oxide diffusion assays, and osmotic stress responses under hypo-, iso-, and hypertonic conditions.\nH&E staining revealed that the buccal mucosa epithelium was significantly thicker (628.8\u2009\u00b1\u2009213.3\u00a0\u03bcm) than that of the penile skin flap (148.2\u2009\u00b1\u200962.1\u00a0\u03bcm; p\u2009<\u20090.05). Mechanical testing demonstrated that the buccal mucosa had significantly higher elastic modulus and tensile strength and lower tensile strain compared with penile skin flap (p\u2009<\u20090.05). Water permeability testing revealed that the cumulative diffusion of deuterium oxide (D\nThis study presents the first comprehensive comparison of the tissue properties of buccal mucosa and penile skin flaps. Our findings provide valuable insights for surgical decision-making, postoperative management, personalized treatment strategies, and the advancement of bioengineered urethral substitutes.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Comprehensive Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, NO. 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing, 100144, China.",
            "firstname": "Yilong",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Guo"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Hypospadias Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, NO. 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing, 100144, China.",
            "firstname": "Ning",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Ma"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Beijing, 100020, China.",
            "firstname": "Mengtong",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Wang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Hypospadias Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, NO. 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing, 100144, China.",
            "firstname": "Sen",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Chen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Comprehensive Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, NO. 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing, 100144, China.",
            "firstname": "Pingping",
            "initials": "P",
            "lastname": "Liu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Hypospadias Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, NO. 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing, 100144, China.",
            "firstname": "Zhe",
            "initials": "Z",
            "lastname": "Yang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Comprehensive Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, NO. 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing, 100144, China. liyangqundoctor@126.com.",
            "firstname": "Yangqun",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Li"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "This study presents the first comprehensive comparison of the tissue properties of buccal mucosa and penile skin flaps. Our findings provide valuable insights for surgical decision-making, postoperative management, personalized treatment strategies, and the advancement of bioengineered urethral substitutes.",
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.",
    "doi": "10.1007/s00345-025-05519-2\n10.3238/arztebl.2013.0220\n10.12688/f1000research.9741.1\n10.1080/21681805.2017.1353541\n10.1046/j.1464-410x.2003.03064.x\n10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11296.x\n10.1038/s41585-020-0281-4\n10.1038/s41598-022-25311-1\n10.1002/cre2.305\n10.1021/ac60041a021\n10.1021/ac4002723\n10.1089/wound.2021.0038\n10.3390/biom11081165\n10.1159/000488805\n10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.19320185.x\n10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.05.019\n10.1016/s0301-5629(02)00505-7\n10.1007/s11255-022-03130-7\n10.1111/1523-1747.ep12515931\n10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071275\n10.1111/ics.12038\n10.3390/ijms22157821\n10.1371/journal.pone.0045339\n10.1016/j.jdent.2018.08.010\n10.1016/j.semnephrol.2009.03.008\n10.1016/s0003-9969(00)00133-3\n10.1016/j.jid.2018.07.023\n10.1016/j.juro.2006.11.079",
    "journal": "World journal of urology",
    "keywords": [
        "Biomechanical properties",
        "Buccal mucosa",
        "Osmotic stress response",
        "Penile skin flap",
        "Urethral reconstruction"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-02-24",
    "pubmed_id": "39992424\n23596502\n28105329\n12581007\n22863081\n32024995\n36494468\n32618130\n23560702\n34439831\n29649831\n9827634\n24973518\n12401386\n35103930\n1987287\n1100172\n23320785\n34360589\n23028946\n30696553\n19523568\n11269867\n17382762",
    "results": "H&E staining revealed that the buccal mucosa epithelium was significantly thicker (628.8\u2009\u00b1\u2009213.3\u00a0\u03bcm) than that of the penile skin flap (148.2\u2009\u00b1\u200962.1\u00a0\u03bcm; p\u2009<\u20090.05). Mechanical testing demonstrated that the buccal mucosa had significantly higher elastic modulus and tensile strength and lower tensile strain compared with penile skin flap (p\u2009<\u20090.05). Water permeability testing revealed that the cumulative diffusion of deuterium oxide (D",
    "title": "Comparing the tissue properties of human buccal mucosa and penile skin flap: insights for urethral graft substitution.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788506131490>"
}