{
    "abstract": "SAL (SALLRSIPA) is a peptide fragment of activity-dependent neurotrophic factor. Both L- and D-SAL diminish ethanol's pathogenesis, however, the D-peptide is protease resistant, and can therefore be effectively administered in a diet. The present study tested the hypothesis that D-SAL provided in a liquid diet containing ethanol will prevent ethanol-induced teratogenicity in mice.\nFollowing an ethanol acclimation period, female C57Bl/6J mice were withdrawn from the ethanol, bred, and then returned during gestational days (GD) 7 and 8 to a control liquid diet or one containing 4.8% ethanol alone or in combination with 5.6 microg/ml D-SAL. At these doses, the mice received approximately 75 microg of D-SAL on each day and achieved peak blood-alcohol concentrations on GD 8 that ranged from 148-162 mg/dl. On GD 14, the fetuses were examined for the presence of ocular abnormalities including microphthalmia and irregularly shaped pupils, teratogenic effects known to result from this ethanol exposure paradigm.\nDietary D-SAL reduced the incidence of ocular defects in ethanol-exposed fetuses from 29 to 10% in the right eyes and from 21 to 7.5% in the left eyes; levels similar to those observed in pair-fed controls. In addition to decreasing their incidence, D-SAL also reduced the severity of the ocular defects.\nThese results demonstrate that oral D-SAL can prevent ethanol-induced ocular defects. Because ocular defects are commonly associated with CNS damage, oral D-SAL may also prove valuable in preventing ethanol-induced brain defects.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA. sparnell@med.unc.edu",
            "firstname": "Scott E",
            "initials": "SE",
            "lastname": "Parnell"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Shao-yu",
            "initials": "SY",
            "lastname": "Chen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Michael E",
            "initials": "ME",
            "lastname": "Charness"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Clyde W",
            "initials": "CW",
            "lastname": "Hodge"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Deborah B",
            "initials": "DB",
            "lastname": "Dehart"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Kathleen K",
            "initials": "KK",
            "lastname": "Sulik"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": "10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00524.x",
    "journal": "Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research",
    "keywords": [],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2007-10-24",
    "pubmed_id": "17949468",
    "results": "Dietary D-SAL reduced the incidence of ocular defects in ethanol-exposed fetuses from 29 to 10% in the right eyes and from 21 to 7.5% in the left eyes; levels similar to those observed in pair-fed controls. In addition to decreasing their incidence, D-SAL also reduced the severity of the ocular defects.",
    "title": "Concurrent dietary administration of D-SAL and ethanol diminishes ethanol's teratogenesis.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788503a01260>"
}