{
    "abstract": "Unrecognized ureteral and bladder injury increase morbidity and mortality in gynecologic surgery. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the efficiency of a systematic intra-venous (IV) injection of carmine indigo to detect bladder injury in gynecologic vaginal surgery for benign disease. The secondary objective is to analyze the cost and use of carmine indigo.\nA retrospective, monocentric study was conducted in a tertiary hospital between January 2018 and October 2021. All patients undergoing a vaginal surgery of hysterectomy for benign disease or anterior prolapse were systematically included. Patients can be systematically included by the automatic coding of surgery. After anesthesia, during the patient's installation, an intravenous injection of 5\u00a0mL of intravenous indigo carmine (Carmyne\u00ae) diluted in 100\u00a0mL of physiological serum was systematically administered by the anesthesia team. Intraoperative cystoscopy was performed only in cases of suspected associated ureteral injury.\nWe recorded 443 vaginal hysterectomies for benign disease and 95 vaginal anterior prolapse surgeries. There were 6 (1,4%) bladder injuries during vaginal hysterectomies and 1 (1,1%) bladder injury during vaginal prolapse surgery. All bladder injuries were diagnosed intraoperatively. No ureteral injury was diagnosed in this series of patients. No complication related to IV indigo carmine injection was found. In this tertiary hospital, 1085 ampoules of carmine indigo were ordered during the same period, approximatively 270 per year. The total cost to the gynecology and obstetrics department was 19,600 euros, or about 4,900 euros per year. Half of the carmine indigo was used in vaginal surgery and half in laparotomy, caesarean section and endometriosis surgery for suspected bladder or ureteral injury.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, CHU de Bic\u00eatre, AP-HP, DMU2, 78, rue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral-Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France; University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; University Paris-Saclay, 63, rue Gabriel-P\u00e9ri, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France. Electronic address: elodie.debras@aphp.fr.",
            "firstname": "\u00c9lodie",
            "initials": "\u00c9",
            "lastname": "Debras"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, CHU de Bic\u00eatre, AP-HP, DMU2, 78, rue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral-Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France; University Paris-Saclay, 63, rue Gabriel-P\u00e9ri, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France.",
            "firstname": "Margaux",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Jegaden"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, CHU de Bic\u00eatre, AP-HP, DMU2, 78, rue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral-Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France; University Paris-Saclay, 63, rue Gabriel-P\u00e9ri, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France.",
            "firstname": "Anne-Ga\u00eblle",
            "initials": "AG",
            "lastname": "Pourcelot"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, CHU de Bic\u00eatre, AP-HP, DMU2, 78, rue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral-Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France; University Paris-Saclay, 63, rue Gabriel-P\u00e9ri, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France; CESP-Inserm U1018 \u00ab Reproduction et d\u00e9veloppement de l'enfant \u00bb, 82, rue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral-Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France.",
            "firstname": "Perrine",
            "initials": "P",
            "lastname": "Capmas"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, CHU de Bic\u00eatre, AP-HP, DMU2, 78, rue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral-Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France; University Paris-Saclay, 63, rue Gabriel-P\u00e9ri, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France; CESP-Inserm U1018 \u00ab Reproduction et d\u00e9veloppement de l'enfant \u00bb, 82, rue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral-Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France.",
            "firstname": "Herv\u00e9",
            "initials": "H",
            "lastname": "Fernandez"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.12.027",
    "journal": "European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology",
    "keywords": [
        "Benign vaginal surgery",
        "Bladder injury",
        "Carmine indigo"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2024-01-02",
    "pubmed_id": "38160534",
    "results": "We recorded 443 vaginal hysterectomies for benign disease and 95 vaginal anterior prolapse surgeries. There were 6 (1,4%) bladder injuries during vaginal hysterectomies and 1 (1,1%) bladder injury during vaginal prolapse surgery. All bladder injuries were diagnosed intraoperatively. No ureteral injury was diagnosed in this series of patients. No complication related to IV indigo carmine injection was found. In this tertiary hospital, 1085 ampoules of carmine indigo were ordered during the same period, approximatively 270 per year. The total cost to the gynecology and obstetrics department was 19,600 euros, or about 4,900 euros per year. Half of the carmine indigo was used in vaginal surgery and half in laparotomy, caesarean section and endometriosis surgery for suspected bladder or ureteral injury.",
    "title": "Indigo carmine dye for detecting urinary track damage during vaginal surgery.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788503efd9e0>"
}