{
    "abstract": "Few studies have reported hepatic and cardiac iron overload in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and the current evidence regarding the prevalence is still scarce.\nThis review aims to estimate the prevalence of hepatic and/or cardiac iron overload quantified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with ESRD who receive hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD), or have undergone a kidney transplant.\nA systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted and reported in line with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. MEDLINE and Embase bibliographic databases were searched using a comprehensive list of controlled vocabulary and keywords to identify relevant studies. All studies reporting the prevalence of hepatic and/or cardiac iron overload quantified by MRI in ESRD patients were considered. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. To investigate the heterogeneity between studies, random-effect meta-analyses for proportions were used.\nThe review comprised seven studies that included 339 patients. Using meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of severe and mild to moderate hepatic iron overload quantified by MRI was 0.23 [95% CI: 0.08-0.43] and 0.52 [95% CI: 0.47-0.57], respectively. Only three studies included cardiac iron quantification, and none reported iron overload.\nThis review has revealed a high prevalence of severe hepatic iron overload in patients with ESRD treated by HD. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to determine the impact of iron overload on vital organs in patients with ESRD and guide future research in this understudied field. Proper use of iron chelation and continuous monitoring will help in the early detection of unsolicited complications; however, the low renal clearance of most iron chelators limits the options for treating iron excess in patients with ESRD.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Nursing, Hazm Mebaireek General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.\nDepartment of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.",
            "firstname": "Abdulqadir J",
            "initials": "AJ",
            "lastname": "Nashwan"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Hematology and Oncology, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.",
            "firstname": "Mohamed A",
            "initials": "MA",
            "lastname": "Yassin"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "AI Center for Precision Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.",
            "firstname": "Alaa",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Abd-Alrazaq"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Medicine, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.",
            "firstname": "Farag",
            "initials": "F",
            "lastname": "Shuweihdi"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Nephrology Section, Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.",
            "firstname": "Muftah",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Othman"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.",
            "firstname": "Hanan F",
            "initials": "HF",
            "lastname": "Abdul Rahim"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.",
            "firstname": "Mujahed",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Shraim"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Hemodialysis International published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Hemodialysis.",
    "doi": "10.1111/hdi.13054",
    "journal": "Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis",
    "keywords": [
        "T2*MRI",
        "end-stage renal disease",
        "heart",
        "hemodialysis",
        "iron overload",
        "liver",
        "meta-analysis",
        "systematic review"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2022-11-19",
    "pubmed_id": "36397717",
    "results": "The review comprised seven studies that included 339 patients. Using meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of severe and mild to moderate hepatic iron overload quantified by MRI was 0.23 [95% CI: 0.08-0.43] and 0.52 [95% CI: 0.47-0.57], respectively. Only three studies included cardiac iron quantification, and none reported iron overload.",
    "title": "Hepatic and cardiac iron overload quantified by magnetic resonance imaging in patients on hemodialysis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788502f531f0>"
}