{
    "abstract": "Achieving at least 150\u2005min per week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) is a 'Class I, A level' recommendation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, long-term PA is a complex behaviour and varied by lifetime, which was insufficiently reflected by the current studies. This study used time-in-target range (TTR) to measure the long-term PA level during young adulthood and investigated its relationship with cardiovascular events in later life.\nParticipants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study were recruited (n = 2902) and allocated into four groups by PA TTR: <25% (n = 1028), 25 to <50% (n = 444), 50 to <75% (n = 424), 75 to 100% (n = 1006). TTR was estimated with linear interpolation across the first 15 years. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular events. The mean (SD) age after the exposure period was 40.3 (3.6) years. After a median follow-up for an additional 18.9 years, the participants with a TTR of at least 75% had a 40% lower risk of the primary outcome (HR: 0.60; 95%CI: 0.38 to 0.95) compared with the lowest TTR group. Each 1-SD increase in TTR was also significantly associated with a 21% decreased risk of the primary outcome (HR: 0.79; 95%CI: 0.65-0.97).\nIncreasing PA is essential in young adulthood. In young adults, maintaining long-term guidelines-recommended PA levels may help to lower the risk of cardiovascular events in later life. Maintaining the guidelines-recommended PA level for at least 75% of time across young adulthood may be preferable.\nMaintaining long-term guidelines-recommended PA levels may decrease the risk of cardiovascular events in later life, and young adults maintaining that PA level for at least 75% of time may be preferable.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China.",
            "firstname": "Zihao",
            "initials": "Z",
            "lastname": "Huang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China.\nNHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China.",
            "firstname": "Rihua",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Huang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China.\nNHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China.",
            "firstname": "Xinghao",
            "initials": "X",
            "lastname": "Xu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China.",
            "firstname": "Ziyan",
            "initials": "Z",
            "lastname": "Fan"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China.\nNHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China.",
            "firstname": "Zhenyu",
            "initials": "Z",
            "lastname": "Xiong"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China.",
            "firstname": "Qi",
            "initials": "Q",
            "lastname": "Liang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China.\nNHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China.",
            "firstname": "Yue",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Guo"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China.\nNHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China.",
            "firstname": "Xinxue",
            "initials": "X",
            "lastname": "Liao"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China.\nNHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China.",
            "firstname": "Xiaodong",
            "initials": "X",
            "lastname": "Zhuang"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "Increasing PA is essential in young adulthood. In young adults, maintaining long-term guidelines-recommended PA levels may help to lower the risk of cardiovascular events in later life. Maintaining the guidelines-recommended PA level for at least 75% of time across young adulthood may be preferable.",
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.\n\u00a9 The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.",
    "doi": "10.1093/eurjpc/zwad403",
    "journal": "European journal of preventive cardiology",
    "keywords": [
        "Cardiovascular disease",
        "Physical activity",
        "Primary prevention",
        "Time-in-target range",
        "Young adults"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2023-12-21",
    "pubmed_id": "38123512",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Long-term physical activity time-in-target range in young adults with cardiovascular events in later life.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788503188540>"
}