{
    "abstract": "Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is common to be associated with pregnancy and birth. To date, no research has been done to understand whether the perineal massage and warm compresses technique has an impact on pelvic floor dysfunction. To assess the impact of perineal massage and warm compresses technique during the second stage of labor in pelvic floor dysfunction at 3 and 6\u00a0months postpartum. Of the 800 women recruited to randomised controlled trial to prevent perineal trauma, 496 were included in the study, with 242 (48.8%) assigned to the Perineal Massage and Warm Compresses (PeMWaC) group and 254 (51.2%) to the control group (hands-on). Used the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20). The questionnaire is divided into three subscales: Urinary (UDI), Colorectal-Anal (CRADI), and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory (POPDI). The PeMWaC group had a significantly higher frequency of intact perineum (p\u2009<\u20090.001) and low-severity vaginal tears (tears without any other degree of perineal trauma) (p\u2009=\u20090.031) compared to the control group, while the control group had significantly more patients who suffered high-severity vaginal/perineal trauma (second degree perineal tears) (p\u2009=\u20090.031) and patients without spontaneous perineal trauma or vaginal tears who underwent episiotomy (p\u2009<\u20090.001). In addition, at 3\u00a0months postpartum, women in the control group had a higher Urinary Distress Inventory (UDI) score and global score, compared to the PeMWaC group, and after controlling for confounding variables, the perineal massage and warm compresses technique was associated with lower UDI scores at 3\u00a0months postpartum compared to control group. At 6\u00a0months postpartum, there were no differences in the UDI or global scores, indicating general recovery from perineal trauma. In addition to reducing perineal trauma during birth, the perineal massage and warm compresses technique was associated with a lower prevalence of early PFD symptoms, mainly urinary distress, at 3\u00a0months.Trial registration http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05854888, retrospectively registered.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Biomedical Sciences Institute Abel Salazar, Portugal and Hospital of Braga, Sete Fontes - S\u00e3o Victor, 4710-243, Braga, Portugal. silvialeiterodrigues@gmail.com.",
            "firstname": "Silvia",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Rodrigues"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Hospital of Braga, Sete Fontes - S\u00e3o Victor, 4710-243, Braga, Portugal.",
            "firstname": "Paulo",
            "initials": "P",
            "lastname": "Silva"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de Braga, Sete Fontes - S\u00e3o Victor, 4710-243, Braga, Portugal.",
            "firstname": "Ana Catarina",
            "initials": "AC",
            "lastname": "Borges"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de Braga, Sete Fontes - S\u00e3o Victor, 4710-243, Braga, Portugal.",
            "firstname": "Natacha Quintal",
            "initials": "NQ",
            "lastname": "de Sousa"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "ISAVE - Instituto Superior de Sa\u00fade, CICS - Centro Interdisciplinar em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Braga, Portugal.",
            "firstname": "Jo\u00e3o Neves",
            "initials": "JN",
            "lastname": "Silva"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Health and Integrated Care Division, Catalan Health Service, Barcelona, Spain.",
            "firstname": "Ramon",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Escuriet"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Society for Reproductive Investigation.",
    "doi": "10.1007/s43032-023-01424-4\n10.1111/aogs.14027\n10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.01.031\n10.1016/j.ajog.2019.10.007\n10.1016/j.ajog.2017.10.014\n10.1111/1471-0528.13522\n10.1007/s00192-020-04442-x\n10.1007/s43032-020-00254-y\n10.1111/1471-0528.12438\n10.1002/nau.23854\n10.1038/s41598-021-91799-8\n10.1002/14651858.CD006672.pub3\n10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.06.011\n10.1080/14767058.2018.1512574\n10.1007/s00192-016-2959-y\n10.1016/j.ajog.2016.10.010\n10.1007/s00192-015-2938-8)\n10.1016/j.ajog.2008.02.022\n10.1111/j.1600-0838,2009.01058.x\n10.1007/s00192-007-0373-1\n10.1055/a-0858-0138\n10.1111/aogs.14275\n10.5114/pm.2021.110956\n10.1111/aogs.13183\n10.1111/aogs.13463\n10.1016/j.eururo.2016.01.037\n10.3109/00016340903576004\n10.1002/uog.20159\n10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01315.x\n10.1111/1471-0528.13223\n10.1016/j.eurox.2021.100138",
    "journal": "Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)",
    "keywords": [
        "Hands-on",
        "Pelvic floor dysfunction",
        "Perineal massage",
        "Postpartum",
        "Spontaneous vaginal birth",
        "Warm compresses"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2023-12-15",
    "pubmed_id": "38097899\n33064839\n30776548\n31639370\n29056536\n26179947\n32712698\n32638282\n24021090\n30311695\n34131194\n28608597\n31238205\n26874524\n27751796\n26782099\n18455541\n20030776\n17429558\n30974474\n34699060\n35069067\n28626856\n30204238\n26874810\n20199348\n22050558\n34825175",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Effect of Perineal Massage and Warm Compresses Technique in Postpartum Pelvic Floor Dysfunction. A Secondary Analysis from a Randomised Controlled Trial.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x7885035697b0>"
}