{
    "abstract": "The Raised Pelvic Position, also known as Trendelenburg position, consists of the elevation of the pelvis above the horizontal plane in the supine position with the head lowered. The position is named after Friedrich Trendelenburg, a German surgeon, who flourished in Berlin at the end of the nineteenth century. Although modern studies trace the position's principle back to the first century BC, we herein present even earlier descriptions, dating back to the fifth century BC.\nThe whole ancient Greek literature was digitally searched. All relevant references were analyzed from the original sources.\nWe found at least nine references to the Raised Pelvic Position in the ancient Greek literature from the following physicians: Hippocrates (fifth century BC), Soranus of Ephesus (first century AD), Aetius of Amida (fifth century AD) and Paulus Aegineta (seventh century AD).\nAll references presented, describe clearly the Raised Pelvic Position, as part of a strategy to repair uterine pathologies, mainly prolapsed uterus, but also instability, bleeding, tumors and infertility. We conclude that ancient Greek writers were aware of the usefulness of the head-down position, as reflected from the numerous existing descriptions dating back to the fifth century BC.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Surgery \u0399\u0399, University Witten-Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany.\nFaculty of Medicine, Department of History of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.",
            "firstname": "Marios",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Papadakis"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Faculty of Medicine, Department of History of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.",
            "firstname": "Constantinos",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Trompoukis"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": "10.1080/00015458.2020.1865622",
    "journal": "Acta chirurgica Belgica",
    "keywords": [
        "Aetius",
        "Friedrich Trendelenburg",
        "Hippocrates",
        "History of surgery",
        "Soranus",
        "Trendelenburg position"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2021-02-05",
    "pubmed_id": "33535909",
    "results": "We found at least nine references to the Raised Pelvic Position in the ancient Greek literature from the following physicians: Hippocrates (fifth century BC), Soranus of Ephesus (first century AD), Aetius of Amida (fifth century AD) and Paulus Aegineta (seventh century AD).",
    "title": "Surgery in antiquity: the origin of the Trendelenburg position revisited.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788505bb8400>"
}