{
    "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to establish the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of isometric shoulder strength assessment using a hand-held dynamometer (HHD) in functional joint positions in student circus artists with symptomatic atraumatic shoulder instability.\nOver two testing sessions, two experienced physiotherapists assessed the shoulder strength of 24 student circus artists with clinically diagnosed atraumatic shoulder instability. Both the symptomatic and asymptomatic shoulder was assessed using a HHD in 10 functional positions. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to determine the reliability of strength measurements.\nAll examined positions showed moderate-high intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. External rotation at 0\u00b0 and internal rotation in horizontal flexion at 45\u00b0 revealed the most reliable results, and the shrug position the least reliable. Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability was high and demonstrated similar results in symptomatic and asymptomatic shoulders by both raters.\nThis study demonstrated clinical applicability in reliably measuring functional strength in symptomatic atraumatic instability or asymptomatic shoulders when assessed by experienced therapists using an HHD.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia. Tel +61 3 9214 3539. cganderton@swin.edu.au.",
            "firstname": "Charlotte",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Ganderton"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Bonnie",
            "initials": "B",
            "lastname": "Kerr"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Matthew",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "King"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Ross",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Lenssen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Sarah",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Warby"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "David",
            "initials": "D",
            "lastname": "Munro"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Lyn",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "Watson"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Simon",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Balster"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Jia",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Han"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Oren",
            "initials": "O",
            "lastname": "Tirosh"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": "10.21091/mppa.2021.2014",
    "journal": "Medical problems of performing artists",
    "keywords": [],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2021-06-04",
    "pubmed_id": "34079982",
    "results": "All examined positions showed moderate-high intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. External rotation at 0\u00b0 and internal rotation in horizontal flexion at 45\u00b0 revealed the most reliable results, and the shrug position the least reliable. Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability was high and demonstrated similar results in symptomatic and asymptomatic shoulders by both raters.",
    "title": "Intra-Rater and Inter-Rater Reliability of Hand-Held Dynamometry for Shoulder Strength Assessment in Circus Arts Students.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x7885030a83b0>"
}