{
    "abstract": "Menstruation-related symptoms are a common and serious health problem even without a specific diagnosis such as premenstrual dysphoric mood disorder (PMDD) or dysmenorrhea. Various adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) might be associated with menstruation-related symptoms, not only traditional traumatic events such as abuse, but also expanded ACEs such as childhood poverty, school bullying, or natural disasters.\nThis study examined the association between expanded ACEs (ACEs for Japanese) and menstruation-related symptoms among Japanese working women.\nData came from an online survey conducted in October 2023 that included women aged 20-44 working full-time, who have never been pregnant and are not currently using contraception. Menstruation-related symptoms severity was evaluated using the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) and the Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) scale. The MDQ score of the premenstrual and menstrual phases were classified into four categories as menstrual symptoms severity of each phase. Logistic regression assessed the association between ACEs and each outcome, adjusting for covariates.\nThe analysis included 2000 women. Premenstrual and menstrual symptoms severity increased with two or more ACEs. In the fully adjusted model, women with four or more ACEs significantly showed severe premenstrual symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]\u00a0=\u00a02.81, 95%CI:2.12-3.72), and severe menstrual symptoms (aOR\u00a0=\u00a03.03, 95%CI: 2.29-4.02). Four or more ACEs were associated with PMDD (aOR\u00a0=\u00a05.61, 95%CI: 2.65-11.89). Childhood poverty and school bullying were also associated with menstruation-related symptoms severity, and natural disasters with PMDD.\nExpanded ACEs were associated with menstruation-related symptoms. The results suggested the importance of trauma-informed care in gynecology, obstetrics, and occupational health practice.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hong, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Yoshiaki",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Kanamori"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, hongi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Electronic address: nasasaki@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp.",
            "firstname": "Natsu",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Sasaki"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, hongi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Yuka",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Ito"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, hongi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Mako",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Iida"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitazato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Kazuhiro",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Watanabe"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Miho",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Egawa"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, hongi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Daisuke",
            "initials": "D",
            "lastname": "Nishi"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107251",
    "journal": "Child abuse & neglect",
    "keywords": [
        "Adverse childhood experiences",
        "Menstrual health",
        "Occupational health",
        "Premenstrual dysphoric mood disorder",
        "Premenstrual syndrome",
        "women's health"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-01-20",
    "pubmed_id": "39827763",
    "results": "The analysis included 2000 women. Premenstrual and menstrual symptoms severity increased with two or more ACEs. In the fully adjusted model, women with four or more ACEs significantly showed severe premenstrual symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]\u00a0=\u00a02.81, 95%CI:2.12-3.72), and severe menstrual symptoms (aOR\u00a0=\u00a03.03, 95%CI: 2.29-4.02). Four or more ACEs were associated with PMDD (aOR\u00a0=\u00a05.61, 95%CI: 2.65-11.89). Childhood poverty and school bullying were also associated with menstruation-related symptoms severity, and natural disasters with PMDD.",
    "title": "Association between adverse childhood experiences and menstruation-related symptoms among Japanese female workers: A cross-sectional study.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x78850682fd30>"
}