{
    "abstract": "Introduction Depression is one of the most important psychiatric disorders, and the rate of recurrence is high. The heavy cost burden of depression is probably due to treatment-resistant depression. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Method The present study was a quasi-experimental study conducted with twenty-four patients with treatment-resistant depression. Participants were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two groups, an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received MBCT and antidepressants, while the control group received antidepressants only. The Hamilton and Beck Depression Inventory, Self-Compassion Scale, Thought Rumination Scale, and Mindfulness Scale were administered. The treatment program was conducted in eight sessions; with a follow-up period of one month subsequent to treatment termination. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of variance for repeated measures and Bonferroni's post-hoc test). Results The results showed that MBCT significantly reduced depression and ruminative thinking in the experimental group and also improved mediators such as mindfulness and self-compassion. Patients maintained gains over the one month follow-up period (p < 0.01). Conclusion The present study provides additional evidence for the effectiveness of MBCT for TRD.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.",
            "firstname": "Aliakbar",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Foroughi"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.",
            "firstname": "Kheirollah",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Sadeghi"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.",
            "firstname": "AliAkbar",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Parvizifard"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.",
            "firstname": "Arash",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Parsa Moghadam"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.",
            "firstname": "Omran",
            "initials": "O",
            "lastname": "Davarinejad"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.",
            "firstname": "Vahid",
            "initials": "V",
            "lastname": "Farnia"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.",
            "firstname": "Ghazale",
            "initials": "G",
            "lastname": "Azar"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": "10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0016",
    "journal": "Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy",
    "keywords": [],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2020-07-23",
    "pubmed_id": "32696895",
    "results": null,
    "title": "The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for reducing rumination and improving mindfulness and self-compassion in patients with treatment-resistant depression.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788502ead0d0>"
}