{
    "abstract": "Dementia clinics traditionally focus on diagnosis and post-diagnostic care. Awareness is increasing that attention to risk factors and their prevention also forms a key part of dementia management.\nTo describe our Bristol Brain Health clinic including 1) Clinical pathway 2) Patient population 3) Patient experience 4) Evaluation in line with published gold standards.\nObservational, (longitudinal/retrospective) clinical cohort study of patients attending the North Bristol NHS Trust's Brain Health Service.\nOne-hundred and ten patients with mild cognitive disorders attending clinic between 2017- 2023.\nWe collected data from medical records including clinical assessments, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and a lifestyle questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were performed and a clinic evaluation was carried out using recommendations from The European Task Force for Brain Health Services.\nAverage age was 63.9 years (SD: 11.2). 74 patients were male (62.8 %). The mean baseline Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score was 24.4 (SD: 3.6). 73 patients (66.4 %) received a preventative lifestyle intervention with a review of risk and protective factors for dementia, and development of a bespoke risk reduction plan. Commonly identified risk factors; low mood; n = 61 (55.5 %), hypertension; n = 54 (49.1 %), high cholesterol; n = 42 (47.3 %), and hearing loss; n = 44 (40 %). CSF testing for AD was carried out in 38 individuals and was positive in 17 cases. At last review, one fifth of patients had progressed to dementia. Most common diagnoses; AD; n = 22 (20 %), Functional Cognitive Disorder; n = 16 (14.6 %), Vascular; n = 8 (7.3 %). Patient feedback was good, with all responders recommending the clinic and more than three-quarters of patients being 'extremely likely\" to. Clinic evaluation highlighted 'Risk Assessment' and 'Personalised Intervention' as brain health pillar strengths. 'Cognitive Enhancement' was an area for further development.\nOur patients had access to a range of cutting-edge, diagnostic assessments, in addition to a preventative lifestyle intervention. Our population had a high rate of dementia risk factors and a heterogeneous range of diagnoses. CSF biomarker testing was helpful for differentiating between those with early AD, and others with a multi-factorial presentation. The attendance rates for our preventative intervention suggests patients are receptive to taking a proactive approach to managing risk. This population merits further investigation and continued targeting with preventative measures.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Road, Westbury-on-Trym, BS10 5NB, UK; ReMemBr Group, University of Bristol Medical School, Level 1, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK. Electronic address: anneka.butters@bristol.ac.uk.",
            "firstname": "Anneka F",
            "initials": "AF",
            "lastname": "Butters"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Road, Westbury-on-Trym, BS10 5NB, UK; ReMemBr Group, University of Bristol Medical School, Level 1, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.",
            "firstname": "Jonathan",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Blackman"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Road, Westbury-on-Trym, BS10 5NB, UK; University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, Somerset, BA2 7AY, UK.",
            "firstname": "Hannah",
            "initials": "H",
            "lastname": "Farouk"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Road, Westbury-on-Trym, BS10 5NB, UK; University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, Somerset, BA2 7AY, UK.",
            "firstname": "Saba",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Meky"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Road, Westbury-on-Trym, BS10 5NB, UK; ReMemBr Group, University of Bristol Medical School, Level 1, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.",
            "firstname": "Margaret",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "A Newson"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Road, Westbury-on-Trym, BS10 5NB, UK; ReMemBr Group, University of Bristol Medical School, Level 1, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK; University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, Somerset, BA2 7AY, UK.",
            "firstname": "Tomas",
            "initials": "T",
            "lastname": "Lemke"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Road, Westbury-on-Trym, BS10 5NB, UK.",
            "firstname": "Natalie",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Rosewell"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Road, Westbury-on-Trym, BS10 5NB, UK; ReMemBr Group, University of Bristol Medical School, Level 1, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.",
            "firstname": "James A",
            "initials": "JA",
            "lastname": "Selwood"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Road, Westbury-on-Trym, BS10 5NB, UK; ReMemBr Group, University of Bristol Medical School, Level 1, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.",
            "firstname": "Nicholas L",
            "initials": "NL",
            "lastname": "Turner"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Road, Westbury-on-Trym, BS10 5NB, UK; ReMemBr Group, University of Bristol Medical School, Level 1, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.",
            "firstname": "Elizabeth J",
            "initials": "EJ",
            "lastname": "Coulthard"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Road, Westbury-on-Trym, BS10 5NB, UK; ReMemBr Group, University of Bristol Medical School, Level 1, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK. Electronic address: hilary.archer@nbt.nhs.uk.",
            "firstname": "Hilary A",
            "initials": "HA",
            "lastname": "Archer"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2024. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.tjpad.2024.100051\n10.1016/s1474-4422(19)30368-0\n10.1001/archneur.58.12.1985\n10.1017/s1041610297004717\n10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100576\n10.1186/s13195-021-00827-2\n10.1016/j.cger.2013.07.009\n10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.06.019\n10.1017/S1041610214002245\n10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01296-0\n10.1016/j.jalz.2012.09.012\n10.14283/jpad.2022.30\n10.1186/s13195-022-01124-2\n10.1186/s13195-023-01314-6\n10.1111/joim.13244\n10.1111/jgs.13820\n10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4\n10.1093/sleep/14.6.540\n10.1176/jnp.12.2.233\n10.1159/000346277\n10.1093/arclin/acw049\n10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30367-6\n10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x\n10.1002/alz.13040\n10.1186/s13195-022-00967-z\n10.1186/s13195-021-00885-6\n10.3233/jad-180141\n10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01296-0\n10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010\n10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.08.008\n10.1038/nrneurol.2013.269\n10.1016/j.psychres.2018.07.009\n10.1016/j.ncl.2023.02.004\n10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111447\n10.1001/archneurol.2009.106\n10.1155/2016/6421265\n10.3390/jcm11051449\n10.1038/s41591-024-02931-w\n10.1093/alcalc/agq089\n10.1177/0891988717731827\n10.4103/2348-9995.181919\n10.3233/JAD-142061",
    "journal": "The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease",
    "keywords": [
        "Alzheimer's disease",
        "Brain Health",
        "CSF biomarkers",
        "Dementia risk",
        "Preventative lifestyle intervention"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-02-05",
    "pubmed_id": "39904691\n31958406\n11735772\n9447429\n36895446\n34635163\n24094301\n25282431\n25382659\n39096926\n23332672\n35542991\n36544184\n37833762\n33458891\n26648041\n2748771\n1798888\n11001602\n23712106\n27475282\n32738937\n15817019\n36934438\n35105351\n34635173\n30010124\n39096926\n29073412\n39137870\n24366271\n30072039\n37775194\n37567095\n19752306\n27239339\n37276296\n35268539\n38710950\n36137057\n21169612\n28954595\n25408218",
    "results": "Average age was 63.9 years (SD: 11.2). 74 patients were male (62.8 %). The mean baseline Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score was 24.4 (SD: 3.6). 73 patients (66.4 %) received a preventative lifestyle intervention with a review of risk and protective factors for dementia, and development of a bespoke risk reduction plan. Commonly identified risk factors; low mood; n = 61 (55.5 %), hypertension; n = 54 (49.1 %), high cholesterol; n = 42 (47.3 %), and hearing loss; n = 44 (40 %). CSF testing for AD was carried out in 38 individuals and was positive in 17 cases. At last review, one fifth of patients had progressed to dementia. Most common diagnoses; AD; n = 22 (20 %), Functional Cognitive Disorder; n = 16 (14.6 %), Vascular; n = 8 (7.3 %). Patient feedback was good, with all responders recommending the clinic and more than three-quarters of patients being 'extremely likely\" to. Clinic evaluation highlighted 'Risk Assessment' and 'Personalised Intervention' as brain health pillar strengths. 'Cognitive Enhancement' was an area for further development.",
    "title": "Brain health clinics - An evolving clinical pathway?",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788506cf90d0>"
}