{
    "abstract": "Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and latency-reversing agents (LRAs) have not achieved a successful cure of HIV infection, due to latent HIV reservoir for the former, and insufficient efficacy and adverse side effects for the latter. Therefore, candidate LRAs with high antiviral efficacy and low cytotoxicity are critical for achieving a functional cure of HIV-1 infection.\nTo identify promising flavonoids with dual functions in reactivating latent HIV-1 and inhibiting viral infection, and to explore the mechanisms involved therein.\nWe screened 21 flavonoids from Stellera chamaejasme and selected wikstrol B as a promising LRA candidate. The effects of the candidate on latent HIV-1 reactivation were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and flow cytometry. Its cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Flow cytometry, western blot (WB) analysis, confocal microscopy and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay were applied for mechanism exploration. Anti-HIV-1 activity was assessed with ELISA, and the effect of wikstrol B on the Vif/hA3G complex was evaluated by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay. Additionally, synergy of wikstrol B with cART drugs or other LRAs were also tested.\nWikstrol B effectively reversed HIV-1 latency in both latently infected cell lines and primary CD4\nWikstrol B is capable of both reactivating latent HIV-1 and inhibiting HIV-1 infection with few adverse effects, and may be applied, preferably in synergistic combination with cART drugs and other LRAs, in the \"shock and kill\" strategy for treating Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.",
            "firstname": "Ziyao",
            "initials": "Z",
            "lastname": "Wu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China.",
            "firstname": "Kang",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Ding"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.",
            "firstname": "Wenli",
            "initials": "W",
            "lastname": "Liu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.",
            "firstname": "Hong",
            "initials": "H",
            "lastname": "He"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China.",
            "firstname": "Meiyun",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Chen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.",
            "firstname": "Mingxin",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Chen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.",
            "firstname": "Liwen",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "Zhang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.. Electronic address: 562945874@qq.com.",
            "firstname": "Chunyan",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Wang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China. Electronic address: cpuzwk@163.com.",
            "firstname": "Weiku",
            "initials": "W",
            "lastname": "Zhang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China. Electronic address: li75lin@126.com.",
            "firstname": "Lin",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "Li"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "Wikstrol B is capable of both reactivating latent HIV-1 and inhibiting HIV-1 infection with few adverse effects, and may be applied, preferably in synergistic combination with cART drugs and other LRAs, in the \"shock and kill\" strategy for treating Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).",
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2025 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.phymed.2025.156667",
    "journal": "Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology",
    "keywords": [
        "Drug safety",
        "HIV-1",
        "Latency-reversing agent",
        "Stellera chamaejasme",
        "Wikstrol B",
        "\u201cshock and kill\u201d strategy"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-04-16",
    "pubmed_id": "40233507",
    "results": "Wikstrol B effectively reversed HIV-1 latency in both latently infected cell lines and primary CD4",
    "title": "Wikstrol B reactivates latent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) via the nuclear factor-\u03baB (NF-\u03baB) pathway.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x7885036ebe70>"
}