{
    "abstract": "Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by the presence of multiple follicular cysts, giving rise to infertility due to anovulation. This syndrome affects about 10% of women, worldwide. The exact molecular mechanism leading to PCOS remains obscure. RhoGTPase has been associated with oogenesis, but its role in PCOS remains unexplored. Therefore, we attempted to elucidate the Vav-Rac1 signaling in PCOS mice model.\nWe generated a PCOS mice model by injecting dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for a period of 20\u00a0days. The expression levels of Rac1, pRac1, Vav, pVav and Caveolin1 were analyzed by employing immuno-blotting and densitometry. The association between Vav and Rac1 proteins were studied by immuno-precipitation. Furthermore, we analyzed the activity of Rac1 and levels of inhibin B and 17\u03b2-estradiol in ovary using biochemical assays.\nThe presence of multiple follicular cysts in ovary were confirmed by histology. The activity of Rac1 (GTP bound state) was significantly reduced in the PCOS ovary. Similarly, the expression levels of Rac1 and its phosphorylated form (pRac1) were decreased in PCOS in comparison to the sham ovary. The expression level and activity (phosphorylated form) of guanine nucleotide exchanger of Rac1, Vav, was moderately down-regulated. We observed comparatively increased expressions of Caveolin1, 17\u03b2-estradiol, and inhibin B in the polycystic ovary.\nWe conclude that hyperandrogenization (PCOS) by DHEA diminishes ovarian Rac1 and Vav expression and activity along with an increase in expression of Caveolin1. This is accompanied by an increase in the intra-ovarian level of '17 \u03b2-estradiol and inhibin B.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Vineet Kumar",
            "initials": "VK",
            "lastname": "Maurya"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Chadchan",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Sangappa"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Vijay",
            "initials": "V",
            "lastname": "Kumar"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Sahil",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Mahfooz"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Archana",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Singh"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Singh",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Rajender"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Endocrinology, Life Science North 111B/101, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B,S, 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India. rajesh_jha@cdri.res.in.",
            "firstname": "Rajesh Kumar",
            "initials": "RK",
            "lastname": "Jha"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "We conclude that hyperandrogenization (PCOS) by DHEA diminishes ovarian Rac1 and Vav expression and activity along with an increase in expression of Caveolin1. This is accompanied by an increase in the intra-ovarian level of '17 \u03b2-estradiol and inhibin B.",
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": "10.1186/1757-2215-7-32\n10.1210/er.2008-0048\n10.1038/nrendo.2010.217\n10.1016/j.autrev.2011.11.010\n10.1055/s-0033-1348895\n10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02421.x\n10.1093/humrep/12.12.2641\n10.1016/S1043-2760(98)00021-6\n10.1210/me.2009-0251\n10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.01.003\n10.1242/jcs.058875\n10.1074/jbc.M209813200\n10.1091/mbc.E07-12-1248\n10.1172/JCI38356\n10.1210/me.2009-0487\n10.1242/jcs.053728\n10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00285-4\n10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.05.027\n10.1128/MCB.25.10.4211-4220.2005\n10.1186/1423-0127-16-50\n10.1038/385169a0\n10.1093/molehr/gal057\n10.1016/j.jri.2004.04.002\n10.1530/rep.1.00941\n10.1093/molehr/gap089\n10.1002/ar.1092340307\n10.1095/biolreprod64.1.157\n10.1095/biolreprod58.2.330\n10.1095/biolreprod.112.106542\n10.1074/jbc.M110.105700\n10.1038/227680a0\n10.1046/j.1365-2265.1998.00442.x\n10.1186/1477-7827-9-59\n10.1210/jcem.83.5.4756\n10.1189/jlb.1012487\n10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.06.023\n10.1016/j.mce.2011.12.005\n10.1002/dvdy.21140\n10.1006/dbio.1997.8537\n10.1210/en.2008-1449\n10.1534/genetics.110.120998\n10.1146/annurev.med.52.1.401\n10.1056/NEJMra041536\n10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61345-2\n10.1677/joe.0.1550233\n10.1210/jc.2009-0839\n10.1242/jcs.078360\n10.1128/MCB.00315-09",
    "journal": "Journal of ovarian research",
    "keywords": [],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2014-03-19",
    "pubmed_id": "24628852\n19589950\n2001918\n10782364\n21263450\n22154711\n23934697\n20002395\n9455828\n18406241\n18226131\n19880654\n15716039\n20592186\n12493759\n19211846\n20038798\n20610540\n19934221\n11511365\n17686471\n15870290\n19473519\n15814676\n8990121\n16809378\n15596227\n16514202\n19828691\n1443664\n11133670\n9475386\n23926286\n20650890\n5432063\n1422008\n10690863\n9666869\n21529351\n9589683\n23325923\n14604847\n16925987\n3502925\n22197887\n17436275\n9169047\n19342461\n21098722\n11160786\n15788499\n17720020\n9415057\n19846740\n23033540\n21084561\n19620284",
    "results": "The presence of multiple follicular cysts in ovary were confirmed by histology. The activity of Rac1 (GTP bound state) was significantly reduced in the PCOS ovary. Similarly, the expression levels of Rac1 and its phosphorylated form (pRac1) were decreased in PCOS in comparison to the sham ovary. The expression level and activity (phosphorylated form) of guanine nucleotide exchanger of Rac1, Vav, was moderately down-regulated. We observed comparatively increased expressions of Caveolin1, 17\u03b2-estradiol, and inhibin B in the polycystic ovary.",
    "title": "Expression and activity of Rac1 is negatively affected in the dehydroepiandrosterone induced polycystic ovary of mouse.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x7885033ee430>"
}