{
    "abstract": "Abnormal levels and imbalances of T cell subsets are common in recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) patients, but most studies have small sample sizes, and comprehensive evaluations are lacking. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively investigate T cell subsets and their ratios in RSA patients.\nFour databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases) were searched until 10 January 2024. T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, Th1/Th2 ratio, Th17, regulatory T (Treg), Treg/Th17 ratio, and the correlation between Th17 and Treg were considered endpoint indexes.\nTwenty-six studies involving 1143 RSA women (RSA group) and 863 healthy women (healthy control group) were included. Th1 (standardized mean difference [SMD]\u2009=\u20090.603%; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.406%, 0.800%; p\u2009<\u20090.001), Th1/Th2 ratio (SMD\u2009=\u20090.838; 95% CI: 0.364, 1.312; p\u2009=\u20090.001), and Th17 (SMD\u2009=\u20091.047%; 95% CI: 0.734%, 1.360%; p\u2009<\u20090.001) increased; Th2 (SMD\u2009=\u2009-0.719%; 95% CI: -1.263%, -0.174%; p\u2009=\u20090.010), Treg (SMD\u2009=\u2009-1.176%; 95% CI: -1.755%, -0.596%; p\u2009<\u20090.001) and Treg/Th17 ratio (SMD\u2009=\u2009-0.978; 95% CI: -1.576, -0.381; p\u2009=\u20090.001) reduced in RSA group versus healthy control group. Th17 were inversely correlated with Treg in RSA patients (Correlation coefficient\u2009=\u2009-0.488; 95% CI: -0.726, -0.145; p\u2009=\u20090.019). The risk of bias was relatively low. There was no publication bias for Th1, Th2, or Th1/Th2 ratio; publication biases for other outcomes were corrected by the trim-and-fill method. Sensitivity analyses showed relatively high robustness.\nTh1, Th1/Th2 ratio, and Th17 are elevated, while Th2, Treg, and Treg/Th17 ratio are reduced in RSA patients. Meanwhile, Th17 was inversely correlated with Treg in these patients.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics, HanDan Central Hospital, HanDan, China.",
            "firstname": "Yuan",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Li"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, HanDan, China.",
            "firstname": "Shuxia",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Chen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Child Care, Merice Cody Public School, Toronto, Canada.",
            "firstname": "Jiecheng",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Yang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Hemodialysis Room, HanDan Central Hospital, HanDan, China.",
            "firstname": "Kejuan",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Zhang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Neurology, HanDan Central Hospital, HanDan, China.",
            "firstname": "Xin",
            "initials": "X",
            "lastname": "Feng"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital of HanDan, HanDan, China.",
            "firstname": "Chao",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Sun"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Cardiology, HanDan Central Hospital, HanDan, China.",
            "firstname": "Qiang",
            "initials": "Q",
            "lastname": "Feng"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics, HanDan Central Hospital, HanDan, China.",
            "firstname": "Zhe",
            "initials": "Z",
            "lastname": "Li"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "Th1, Th1/Th2 ratio, and Th17 are elevated, while Th2, Treg, and Treg/Th17 ratio are reduced in RSA patients. Meanwhile, Th17 was inversely correlated with Treg in these patients.",
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2025 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.",
    "doi": "10.1111/jog.16207",
    "journal": "The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research",
    "keywords": [
        "T cell subset imbalance",
        "T helper cells",
        "meta\u2010analysis",
        "recurrent spontaneous abortion",
        "regulatory T cells"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-01-15",
    "pubmed_id": "39812465",
    "results": "Twenty-six studies involving 1143 RSA women (RSA group) and 863 healthy women (healthy control group) were included. Th1 (standardized mean difference [SMD]\u2009=\u20090.603%; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.406%, 0.800%; p\u2009<\u20090.001), Th1/Th2 ratio (SMD\u2009=\u20090.838; 95% CI: 0.364, 1.312; p\u2009=\u20090.001), and Th17 (SMD\u2009=\u20091.047%; 95% CI: 0.734%, 1.360%; p\u2009<\u20090.001) increased; Th2 (SMD\u2009=\u2009-0.719%; 95% CI: -1.263%, -0.174%; p\u2009=\u20090.010), Treg (SMD\u2009=\u2009-1.176%; 95% CI: -1.755%, -0.596%; p\u2009<\u20090.001) and Treg/Th17 ratio (SMD\u2009=\u2009-0.978; 95% CI: -1.576, -0.381; p\u2009=\u20090.001) reduced in RSA group versus healthy control group. Th17 were inversely correlated with Treg in RSA patients (Correlation coefficient\u2009=\u2009-0.488; 95% CI: -0.726, -0.145; p\u2009=\u20090.019). The risk of bias was relatively low. There was no publication bias for Th1, Th2, or Th1/Th2 ratio; publication biases for other outcomes were corrected by the trim-and-fill method. Sensitivity analyses showed relatively high robustness.",
    "title": "Associations of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cell levels and imbalance with recurrent spontaneous abortion: A meta-analysis.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788501e5f150>"
}