{
    "abstract": "High levels of oxygen are usually used in ventilatory support and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the intensive care unit of hospitals. Hyperoxia may induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can cause lung damage and even systemic injury. In this study, the NF-\u03baB/luciferase transgenic mouse model with non-invasive real-time in vivo imaging was established to test the functions of lactoferrin (LF) in antioxidant and anti-inflammation.\nThe NF-\u03baB/luciferase transgenic mice were used to assess the effects of oral administration of LF on attenuation of the systemic inflammatory response and organ damage after 72\u00a0h of hyperoxia (FiO\nUsing luciferase IVIS imaging, we found that the lungs and kidneys were the most evidently affected organs after hyperoxia treatment. The groups treated with low dose (150\u00a0mg/kg) or high dose (300\u00a0mg/kg) of LF had lower luciferase expression and less injury, with a dose-dependent effect on the lungs and kidneys. Moreover, ROS, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u00df, and IL-6) expression levels were all significantly decreased (P\u2009<\u20090.01), and the protein level of I\u03baB was statistically increased (P\u2009<\u20090.01) after LF treatment.\nOur results suggest that hyperoxia can induce systemic inflammation, and the oral administration of LF as a natural antioxidant decreases the production of ROS, attenuates inflammation, and lessens kidney and lung injuries from hyperoxia via the use of live image monitoring of the response in NF-kB/luciferase transgenic mice.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.\nDepartment of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.\nCollege of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.",
            "firstname": "Chih-Ching",
            "initials": "CC",
            "lastname": "Yen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.",
            "firstname": "Wen-Hui",
            "initials": "WH",
            "lastname": "Chang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung, 435, Taiwan.\nGraduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.",
            "firstname": "Min-Che",
            "initials": "MC",
            "lastname": "Tung"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, 515, Taiwan.",
            "firstname": "Hsiao-Ling",
            "initials": "HL",
            "lastname": "Chen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.\nDivision of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Cheng Ching Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.",
            "firstname": "Hsu-Chung",
            "initials": "HC",
            "lastname": "Liu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.",
            "firstname": "Chun-Huei",
            "initials": "CH",
            "lastname": "Liao"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.\nDepartment of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan.",
            "firstname": "Ying-Wei",
            "initials": "YW",
            "lastname": "Lan"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan.\nDepartment of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan.",
            "firstname": "Kowit-Yu",
            "initials": "KY",
            "lastname": "Chong"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Physiology, and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.",
            "firstname": "Shang-Hsun",
            "initials": "SH",
            "lastname": "Yang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan. chchen1@dragon.nchu.edu.tw.\nThe iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan. chchen1@dragon.nchu.edu.tw.\nDepartment of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Rd, Taichung, 402, Taiwan. chchen1@dragon.nchu.edu.tw.",
            "firstname": "Chuan-Mu",
            "initials": "CM",
            "lastname": "Chen"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": "10.1007/s11307-019-01390-x",
    "journal": "Molecular imaging and biology",
    "keywords": [
        "Inflammatory cytokines",
        "Lactoferrin (LF)",
        "Live imaging",
        "NF-\u03baB/luciferase transgenic mice",
        "Reactive oxygen species (ROS)"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2019-07-10",
    "pubmed_id": "31286353\n24842100\n22046389\n19077208\n24164953\n23794718\n24928419\n12682471\n15339994\n16443154\n23322670\n11908632\n19125673\n29756573\n10623846\n24867408\n23267765\n12065306\n23942946\n22962523\n25197641\n12477778\n11056445\n26278383\n26990190\n23059800\n15599157\n22251871\n12847267\n29666861\n20586583\n22226679\n9252381\n9990287\n15477018\n24748603\n27097965\n17629795\n20345905",
    "results": "Using luciferase IVIS imaging, we found that the lungs and kidneys were the most evidently affected organs after hyperoxia treatment. The groups treated with low dose (150\u00a0mg/kg) or high dose (300\u00a0mg/kg) of LF had lower luciferase expression and less injury, with a dose-dependent effect on the lungs and kidneys. Moreover, ROS, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u00df, and IL-6) expression levels were all significantly decreased (P\u2009<\u20090.01), and the protein level of I\u03baB was statistically increased (P\u2009<\u20090.01) after LF treatment.",
    "title": "Lactoferrin Protects Hyperoxia-Induced Lung and Kidney Systemic Inflammation in an In Vivo Imaging Model of NF-\u03baB/Luciferase Transgenic Mice.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788503044590>"
}