{
    "abstract": "We compared use of intravenous (IV) normal saline (NS) to sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO(3)) with or without oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI).\nCI-AKI is associated with significant adverse clinical events. Use of NAC has produced variable results. Recently, intravenous hydration with NaHCO(3) for CI-AKI prophylaxis has been adopted as standard treatment for patients with stable chronic renal disease undergoing catheterization procedures.\nWe prospectively enrolled 320 patients with baseline renal insufficiency scheduled to undergo catheterization. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either IV NS \u00b1 NAC (n = 161) or IV dextrose 5% in water containing 154 mEq/l of NaHCO(3) \u00b1 NAC (n = 159). IV NS was administered at 1 ml/kg body weight for 12 hr preprocedure and 12 more hr postprocedure. IV NaHCO(3) was administered at 3 ml/kg body weight for 1 hr preprocedure followed by 1 ml/kg body weight postprocedure. A 1,200 mg oral dose of NAC was given 2-12 hr preprocedure and 6-12 hr postprocedure in 50% of patients in each study arm. CI-AKI was defined as an increase of >0.5 mg/dl or >25% above baseline creatinine.\nOverall incidence of CI-AKI was 10.3%. There was no significant difference in incidence among the two groups (NS \u00b1 NAC 11.8% vs. NaHCO(3) \u00b1 NAC 8.8%, p = ns). Incidence of CI-AKI increased with increasing age (p = 0.001), contrast agent use >3 ml/kg body weight (p = 0.038) and diuretic use (p = 0.005).\nIncidence of CI-AKI was no different in the NaHCO(3) group compared to NS group, and NAC did not reduce CI-AKI in the two study arms.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.",
            "firstname": "Abdul Moiz",
            "initials": "AM",
            "lastname": "Hafiz"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "M Fuad",
            "initials": "MF",
            "lastname": "Jan"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Naoyo",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Mori"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Fareed",
            "initials": "F",
            "lastname": "Shaikh"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Jeffrey",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Wallach"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Tanvir",
            "initials": "T",
            "lastname": "Bajwa"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Suhail",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Allaqaband"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "Incidence of CI-AKI was no different in the NaHCO(3) group compared to NS group, and NAC did not reduce CI-AKI in the two study arms.",
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.",
    "doi": "10.1002/ccd.23148",
    "journal": "Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions",
    "keywords": [],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2011-05-05",
    "pubmed_id": "21542114",
    "results": "Overall incidence of CI-AKI was 10.3%. There was no significant difference in incidence among the two groups (NS \u00b1 NAC 11.8% vs. NaHCO(3) \u00b1 NAC 8.8%, p = ns). Incidence of CI-AKI increased with increasing age (p = 0.001), contrast agent use >3 ml/kg body weight (p = 0.038) and diuretic use (p = 0.005).",
    "title": "Prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with stable chronic renal disease undergoing elective percutaneous coronary and peripheral interventions: randomized comparison of two preventive strategies.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788503319e40>"
}