{
    "abstract": "This study explores changes in pastoral practices in the Jerusalem region (Iron Age II - Late Hellenistic) through a multi-isotope approach (strontium, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen). Based on the analysis of 135 sheep, goat, and cattle teeth and bone samples from Givati Parking Lot we demonstrate the value of this method in reconstructing past animal husbandry, revealing adaptation and resilience of pastoral communities amidst environmental and socio-political changes. Isotopic analysis indicates local sourcing for most animals, with intriguing outliers from distant regions up to 150\u00a0km away, suggesting regional exchange networks. Notably, the Persian period (5th century BCE) exhibits a wider isotope range, implying increased flexibility and exploitation of diverse grazing lands, potentially driven by climate shifts and political upheavals. Conversely, Late Hellenistic (2nd century BCE) livestock display restricted movement, while showcasing a rise in desert caprines, indicative of increased import compared to the Persian era. These findings highlight the dynamism and adaptability of past pastoral communities, adjusting their strategies in response to various pressures. This study opens new avenues for understanding human-environment interactions in the Levant and underscores the power of multi-isotope approaches in unraveling intricate socio-economic and ecological dynamics of the past.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80799, Munich, Germany. abra.spiciarich@gmail.com.",
            "firstname": "Abra",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Spiciarich"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.",
            "firstname": "Yuval",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Gadot"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Israel Antiquities Authority, Jerusalem, Israel.",
            "firstname": "Yiftah",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Shalev"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.",
            "firstname": "Lidar",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "Sapir-Hen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "isoTROPIC Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology, 07745, Jena, Germany.",
            "firstname": "Erin",
            "initials": "E",
            "lastname": "Scott"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa.",
            "firstname": "Petrus",
            "initials": "P",
            "lastname": "le Roux"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "isoTROPIC Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology, 07745, Jena, Germany.",
            "firstname": "Patrick",
            "initials": "P",
            "lastname": "Roberts"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80799, Munich, Germany.\nDepartment of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.",
            "firstname": "Philipp W",
            "initials": "PW",
            "lastname": "Stockhammer"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2024. The Author(s).",
    "doi": "10.1038/s41598-024-78020-2",
    "journal": "Scientific reports",
    "keywords": [
        "Animal Economy",
        "Human-animal relations",
        "Migration",
        "Southern Levant",
        "Stable isotopes",
        "Urban pastoralism"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2024-11-13",
    "pubmed_id": "39516531\n28311667\n9467773\n22115545\n27124001\n27627996\n37773428\n27322197",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Unveiling ancient Jerusalem's pastoral dynamics (7th to 2nd centuries BCE) with multi-isotope analysis.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788503f82480>"
}