{
    "abstract": "Clinical chorioamnionitis at term is considered the most common infection-related diagnosis in labor and delivery units worldwide. The syndrome affects 5-12% of all term pregnancies and is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality as well as neonatal death and sepsis. The objectives of this study were to determine the (1) amniotic fluid microbiology using cultivation and molecular microbiologic techniques; (2) diagnostic accuracy of the clinical criteria used to identify patients with intra-amniotic infection; (3) relationship between acute inflammatory lesions of the placenta (maternal and fetal inflammatory responses) and amniotic fluid microbiology and inflammatory markers; and (4) frequency of neonatal bacteremia.\nThis retrospective cross-sectional study included 43 women with the diagnosis of clinical chorioamnionitis at term. The presence of microorganisms in the amniotic cavity was determined through the analysis of amniotic fluid samples by cultivation for aerobes, anaerobes, and genital mycoplasmas. A broad-range polymerase chain reaction coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was also used to detect bacteria, select viruses, and fungi. Intra-amniotic inflammation was defined as an elevated amniotic fluid interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration\u00a0\u22652.6\u00a0ng/mL.\n(1) Intra-amniotic infection (defined as the combination of microorganisms detected in amniotic fluid and an elevated IL-6 concentration) was present in 63% (27/43) of cases; (2) the most common microorganisms found in the amniotic fluid samples were \nClinical chorioamnionitis at term, a syndrome that can result from intra-amniotic infection, was diagnosed in approximately 63% of cases and sterile intra-amniotic inflammation in 5% of cases. However, a substantial number of patients had no evidence of intra-amniotic infection or intra-amniotic inflammation. Evidence of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome was frequently present, but microorganisms were detected in only 4.9% of cases based on cultures of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in neonatal blood.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.\nCenter for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.\nDetroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.",
            "firstname": "Roberto",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Romero"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.",
            "firstname": "Percy",
            "initials": "P",
            "lastname": "Pacora"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.\nDivision of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.\nCenter for Research and Innovation in Maternal-Fetal Medicine (CIMAF), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, S\u00f3tero del R\u00edo Hospital, Santiago, Chile.",
            "firstname": "Juan Pedro",
            "initials": "JP",
            "lastname": "Kusanovic"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.",
            "firstname": "Eunjung",
            "initials": "E",
            "lastname": "Jung"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.",
            "firstname": "Bogdan",
            "initials": "B",
            "lastname": "Panaitescu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.",
            "firstname": "Eli",
            "initials": "E",
            "lastname": "Maymon"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.",
            "firstname": "Offer",
            "initials": "O",
            "lastname": "Erez"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.",
            "firstname": "Susan",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Berman"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.",
            "firstname": "David R",
            "initials": "DR",
            "lastname": "Bryant"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.",
            "firstname": "Nardhy",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Gomez-Lopez"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.\nPerinatal Research Initiative in Maternal, Perinatal and Child Health, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.",
            "firstname": "Kevin R",
            "initials": "KR",
            "lastname": "Theis"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.",
            "firstname": "Gaurav",
            "initials": "G",
            "lastname": "Bhatti"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.",
            "firstname": "Chong Jai",
            "initials": "CJ",
            "lastname": "Kim"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.",
            "firstname": "Bo Hyun",
            "initials": "BH",
            "lastname": "Yoon"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.\nOffice of Women's Health, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.",
            "firstname": "Sonia S",
            "initials": "SS",
            "lastname": "Hassan"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.",
            "firstname": "Chaur-Dong",
            "initials": "CD",
            "lastname": "Hsu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.",
            "firstname": "Lami",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "Yeo"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.",
            "firstname": "Ramiro",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Diaz-Primera"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.",
            "firstname": "Julio",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Marin-Concha"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.",
            "firstname": "Kia",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Lannaman"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA.",
            "firstname": "Ali",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Alhousseini"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.",
            "firstname": "Hunter",
            "initials": "H",
            "lastname": "Gomez-Roberts"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.",
            "firstname": "Aneesha",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Varrey"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Pediatrics, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.",
            "firstname": "Angel",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Garcia-Sanchez"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.\nDepartment of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Maria Teresa",
            "initials": "MT",
            "lastname": "Gervasi"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.",
    "doi": "10.1515/jpm-2020-0297\n10.1097/00003081-199312000-00004\n10.1016/j.ajog.2004.03.003\n10.1016/j.clp.2010.02.003\n10.1038/jp.2014.81\n10.1016/s0029-7844(99)00256-2\n10.1016/s0002-9378(16)32231-1\n10.1016/0002-9378(91)90707-x\n10.1097/00006250-200006000-00024\n10.1016/j.ajog.2013.11.038\n10.1177/1933719118778819\n10.1097/aog.0b013e31824b2e29\n10.1001/jama.290.20.2677\n10.1055/s-0039-1692718\n10.3109/14767058.2015.1058773\n10.1016/0002-9378(83)90575-6\n10.1016/0029-7844(95)00402-5\n10.1515/jpme.1998.26.2.94\n10.1038/sj.jp.7210564\n10.1515/jpm-2017-0192\n10.1016/j.ajog.2015.05.007\n10.1016/j.ejpn.2019.03.005\n10.1515/jpm-2019-0297\n10.1093/infdis/145.1.1\n10.1515/jpm.2002.042\n10.1080/14767050600927353\n10.1016/j.siny.2011.08.003\n10.1016/0002-9378(84)90566-0\n10.1067/mob.2002.124042\n10.1055/s-2008-1078761\n10.1515/jpm-2014-0249\n10.1515/jpm-2015-0044\n10.1515/jpm-2015-0103\n10.1515/jpm-2015-0045\n10.1515/jpm-2016-0225\n10.1515/jpm-2018-0271\n10.1515/jpm-2015-0121\n10.1194/jlr.p069096\n10.1097/00006250-198812000-00001\n10.1016/0002-9378(89)90356-6\n10.1038/jp.2012.135\n10.1067/mob.2000.109035\n10.1097/pcc.0000000000000157\n10.1067/mob.2001.117680\n10.1016/j.ajog.2007.06.040\n10.1371/journal.pone.0003056\n10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00830.x\n10.1515/jpm.2010.078\n10.1515/jpm.2010.076\n10.3109/14767058.2014.954243\n10.1111/aji.12296\n10.3109/14767058.2014.958463\n10.1016/0002-9378(91)90423-o\n10.1016/0002-9378(90)91106-m\n10.1016/0002-9378(88)90503-0\n10.1007/s10024-003-7070-y\n10.1016/j.placenta.2005.02.009\n10.1016/j.placenta.2007.09.003\n10.1016/j.ajog.2015.08.041\n10.5858/arpa.2015-0225-cc\n10.1515/jpm-2018-0055\n10.1038/modpathol.2010.73\n10.1371/journal.pone.0036825\n10.1128/jcm.01907-12\n10.1586/erm.10.24\n10.1128/jcm.00966-13\n10.1111/aji.12189\n10.2337/db16-0776\n10.1128/jcm.00304-13\n10.1016/j.ijms.2004.09.014\n10.1128/jcm.01978-13\n10.1172/jci114583\n10.1016/1043-4666(91)90037-e\n10.1002/9780470514269.ch13\n10.1111/j.1600-0897.1993.tb00618.x\n10.1016/0002-9378(93)90009-8\n10.1016/0002-9378(93)90014-a\n10.1111/j.1600-0897.1994.tb01115.x\n10.1016/0002-9378(95)90290-2\n10.1016/0002-9378(95)90028-4\n10.1016/s0002-9378(97)70276-x\n10.1016/s0002-9378(98)70142-5\n10.1067/mob.2001.118162\n10.1067/s0002-9378(03)00839-1\n10.1515/jpm.2010.001\n10.1515/jpm-2012-0034\n10.3109/14767058.2013.844123\n10.1016/j.ajog.2008.06.040\n10.1016/j.ajog.2017.02.051\n10.1186/s40168-018-0475-7\n10.1016/j.ajog.2020.01.056\n10.1186/s40168-020-0793-4\n10.1016/j.ajog.2018.11.498\n10.3389/fmicb.2019.01124\n10.1016/0002-9378(84)90534-9\n10.1016/s0301-2115(00)00345-6\n10.1080/jmf.13.1.2.21\n10.1086/514691\n10.1080/14767050601036212\n10.1111/aji.13031\n10.1080/14767058.2019.1597047\n10.1053/plac.1998.0368\n10.1067/mob.2000.108882\n10.1111/aji.12827\n10.4049/jimmunol.1900621\n10.1196/annals.1389.032\n10.1016/0002-9378(92)91845-2\n10.1046/j.1469-0705.1994.04020095.x\n10.1080/14767058.2019.1572742\n10.3109/14767058.2012.683899\n10.1080/14767058.2019.1640676\n10.1515/jpm-2019-0398\n10.1016/j.ajog.2007.11.047\n10.1016/j.ajog.2015.07.037\n10.1111/aji.13049\n10.1111/j.1600-0897.1992.tb00737.x\n10.1515/jpm.2007.101\n10.1111/aji.12443\n10.1093/biolre/ioy264\n10.1080/14767058.2019.1706470\n10.1080/14767058.2019.1702953\n10.1016/s0140-6736(89)92341-6\n10.1093/bja/67.5.565\n10.1542/peds.99.3.415\n10.1097/00000542-199905000-00008\n10.1067/mob.2002.121258\n10.1056/nejmra021276\n10.1213/ane.0b013e3181f713d4\n10.1097/aco.0b013e3283530d7c\n10.1542/peds.2010-2301\n10.1213/ane.0000000000000112\n10.1067/mob.2002.127135\n10.1213/ane.0000000000001195\n10.1016/j.placenta.2004.10.003\n10.1016/j.ajog.2017.09.013\n10.1515/jpm-2019-0262\n10.1067/mob.2001.116689\n10.1080/jmf.11.1.18.25\n10.1095/biolreprod.116.144139\n10.1016/j.ajog.2005.08.057\n10.1080/14767050802212109\n10.1111/aji.12648\n10.1111/aji.12440\n10.1080/14767058.2019.1610740\n10.4049/jimmunol.1900901\n10.1016/j.ejpn.2013.12.005\n10.1111/j.1600-0897.2012.01110.x\n10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2011.02.011\n10.1111/aji.12803\n10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.11.002\n10.1016/s0029-7844(99)00416-0\n10.1016/j.jri.2012.07.006\n10.1111/aji.12047\n10.1055/s-2007-994103\n10.1038/sj.jp.7210967\n10.1080/01443610601016644\n10.1016/0029-7844(95)00254-o\n10.1542/peds.101.3.490\n10.1016/s0029-7844(01)01537-x\n10.1542/peds.108.5.1099\n10.1016/s0031-3955(16)32493-2\n10.1300/j010v16n01_06\n10.1097/00003246-200003000-00040\n10.1038/jp.2011.109\n10.1515/jpm-2014-0276\n10.1371/journal.pone.0158498\n10.1038/s41598-017-16606-9\n10.1186/s40168-017-0313-3\n10.1080/14740338.2019.1579795\n10.1186/s12941-019-0318-9\n10.1016/j.ajog.2007.11.031\n10.1016/j.ajog.2017.02.022\n10.1016/j.ajog.2007.07.033\n10.1515/jpm.2003.020\n10.1080/00016340802572646\n10.1016/j.ajog.2010.03.035\n10.1016/j.ajog.2012.01.004\n10.1371/journal.pone.0060399\n10.1093/infdis/jiv587\n10.1515/jpm-2019-0003\n10.1515/jpm-2019-0082\n10.1111/j.1471-0528.2007.01410.x\n10.1097/00006454-198509000-00020\n10.1007/bf02026711\n10.1038/jp.2009.145\n10.1097/00006454-199004000-00004\n10.1097/inf.0b013e3181f69013\n10.1136/adc.54.3.231\n10.1128/jcm.35.1.286-287.1997\n10.1099/0022-1317-51-2-187\n10.1097/00006454-200211000-00026\n10.1007/s00431-003-1219-6\n10.1016/j.jinf.2008.08.002\n10.1086/424505\n10.1515/jpm.2006.002\n10.1016/j.ajog.2010.02.007\n10.1016/s1701-2163(16)32967-x\n10.1515/jpm.2010.040\n10.1080/14767050500217863\n10.1016/0002-9378(89)90409-2\n10.1016/j.ajog.2004.10.624\n10.1002/uog.1871\n10.1515/jpm.2010.168\n10.1016/j.ajog.2013.11.032\n10.1016/s0002-9378(88)80030-9\n10.1097/00003081-199112000-00013\n10.1016/0301-2115(95)02176-8\n10.1034/j.1600-0412.2003.00157.x\n10.1016/j.ajog.2004.06.085\n10.1016/j.ajog.2005.03.067\n10.1371/journal.pone.0043677\n10.3109/14767058.2012.671873\n10.1016/j.ajog.2013.10.882\n10.1515/jpm-2019-0395\n10.1515/jpm.2009.133\n10.1016/0029-7844(94)00436-h\n10.1097/01.aog.0000295868.43851.39\n10.1056/nejmoa1602044\n10.1128/cmr.18.4.757-789.2005\n10.1111/jog.14052\n10.1128/aac.00889-15\n10.5145/kjcm.2009.12.4.159\n10.1016/j.ajme.2015.12.005\n10.3349/ymj.2016.57.5.1271\n10.1067/mob.2003.171\n10.1007/s10156-012-0527-z\n10.1097/00006250-198603001-00005\n10.1016/0002-9378(92)91686-5\n10.1007/bf02766648\n10.3109/14767058.2015.1020293\n10.3109/14767058.2015.1020293\n10.1016/j.ajog.2019.03.018\n10.1016/j.ajog.2019.03.017\n10.1016/j.ajog.2020.01.043",
    "journal": "Journal of perinatal medicine",
    "keywords": [
        "PCR/ESI-MS",
        "amniotic fluid",
        "funisitis",
        "histologic chorioamnionitis",
        "intra-amniotic infection",
        "intra-amniotic inflammation",
        "intrapartum fever",
        "microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC)",
        "neonatal bacteremia",
        "sterile intra-amniotic inflammation"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2021-02-06",
    "pubmed_id": "33544519\n8293582\n15295368\n20569811\n24786381\n10432142\n6624808\n4011072\n3763067\n2035575\n1579312\n10831990\n24295921\n29848185\n22617573\n14645309\n31238347\n26135793\n6829656\n8559521\n9650129\n11774015\n29791315\n25979619\n31005407\n31693497\n7033397\n2674804\n12235716\n17127492\n21865101\n6702948\n9501797\n12066094\n18512201\n25720095\n25918914\n26352068\n25938217\n27763883\n30412466\n26360486\n27538821\n28426621\n3186087\n2782335\n2927851\n23154669\n11084553\n24751791\n11717646\n17826425\n18725970\n20331587\n20482470\n20482466\n25123515\n25078709\n25190175\n1951538\n1698338\n2456013\n14708737\n15837060\n17950457\n26428501\n27223167\n30044764\n20348884\n22590620\n23100337\n20465496\n23761152\n24417618\n32046792\n23596241\n24108617\n2332497\n1888885\n1425014\n8311926\n7694461\n7694463\n7533501\n7645642\n7892891\n9369827\n9822511\n11717647\n14586326\n20146660\n22752762\n24028673\n28742677\n5543767\n18928978\n28268197\n29751830\n32017922\n32046792\n31231319\n8410850\n6424476\n1754577\n11165729\n12710851\n9770150\n17437194\n30101464\n30999788\n10195738\n11035335\n29500850\n31492740\n17416925\n1301006\n12797200\n30786784\n22524157\n31272257\n31927525\n18342290\n26232508\n30225853\n1418402\n17624933\n26781934\n30596885\n31906756\n31885290\n2566791\n1751270\n9041298\n10319772\n12011881\n12540646\n20861420\n22473213\n22291120\n24557092\n12388959\n27101499\n16085046\n28964823\n31494640\n11518916\n12380603\n26352071\n27806943\n16890549\n18828051\n28233423\n26952361\n29295667\n31006293\n31740550\n24412077\n22380481\n21382466\n29271527\n29117499\n10576190\n23021257\n23216633\n9259904\n13679931\n17365450\n8505604\n7566850\n9499197\n11704166\n11694687\n4922925\n1839088\n10752841\n21904297\n25372723\n27362264\n29184093\n28789705\n30739516\n31226994\n18166295\n26352681\n28216060\n18166302\n6665671\n12747231\n19031281\n20678747\n22340945\n23555967\n26671889\n31141489\n30939117\n17949381\n3900948\n2909979\n1959541\n20428179\n2336309\n8072829\n21099657\n434911\n8968928\n11863270\n12458575\n12740695\n18790539\n15486833\n16489881\n20452483\n19038071\n20192887\n16105789\n2675611\n2782366\n14586326\n15746658\n15789375\n21265728\n24274987\n3421266\n1778019\n7493703\n12752072\n15507963\n16260207\n22916296\n22519389\n24184182\n32083453\n19650756\n7898825\n18165392\n27682034\n16223956\n31313469\n26459899\n27401661\n12634663\n23192735\n3945461\n1536243\n8161256\n26441216\n26373262\n30928566\n30928565\n32591087",
    "results": "(1) Intra-amniotic infection (defined as the combination of microorganisms detected in amniotic fluid and an elevated IL-6 concentration) was present in 63% (27/43) of cases; (2) the most common microorganisms found in the amniotic fluid samples were ",
    "title": "Clinical chorioamnionitis at term X: microbiology, clinical signs, placental pathology, and neonatal bacteremia - implications for clinical care.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788504d974c0>"
}