{
    "abstract": "To determine the absolute and relative risks of adverse maternal, perinatal, and longer-term child outcomes for pregnancies with antenatally-detected early-onset small for gestational age fetuses, compared with baseline population rates.\nWe linked ultrasound data from pregnancies with antenatally-detected, non-anomalous, early-onset SGA fetuses (estimated fetal weight and/or abdominal circumference <10\nAmong 581 pregnancies with non-anomalous early-onset SGA fetuses, risk ratios for adverse pregnancy outcomes ranged from 4-fold higher for gestational hypertension/ preeclampsia [95% CI: 3.8 to 5.1], to 10-fold higher for stillbirth [95% CI: 5.6 to 16.6], compared with the rest of the 359,602 non-anomalous births in the province. These relative risks corresponded to 16.5 per 100 excess cases [95% CI: 13.1 to 19.8] and 2.2 per 100 excess cases [95% CI 0.9 to 3.6], respectively. Risks of neonatal complications were similarly elevated (e.g. composite neonatal morbidity was 31-fold higher). While Ministry Special Needs designation was 3-fold higher [95% CI: 2.1 to 5.6], corresponding to 7 per 100 excess cases [95% CI: 2.0-11.5], there was only a trend towards a higher risk of cerebral palsy.\nRisks of adverse maternal and childhood outcomes are elevated in pregnancies with early-onset SGA fetuses. Presenting these risks in relative and absolute terms from baseline population risks may facilitate clinical counselling and risk comprehension.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics and Gyneacology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Electronic address: Jessica.liauw@phsa.ca.",
            "firstname": "Jessica",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Liauw"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics and Gyneacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.",
            "firstname": "Sanne J",
            "initials": "SJ",
            "lastname": "Gordijn"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.",
            "firstname": "Wessel",
            "initials": "W",
            "lastname": "Ganzevoort"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics and Gyneacology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.",
            "firstname": "Chantal",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Mayer"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics and Gyneacology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.",
            "firstname": "Jennifer A",
            "initials": "JA",
            "lastname": "Hutcheon"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "Risks of adverse maternal and childhood outcomes are elevated in pregnancies with early-onset SGA fetuses. Presenting these risks in relative and absolute terms from baseline population risks may facilitate clinical counselling and risk comprehension.",
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.ajog.2025.04.041",
    "journal": "American journal of obstetrics and gynecology",
    "keywords": [
        "Early-onset fetal growth restriction",
        "absolute risks",
        "small for gestational age"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-04-23",
    "pubmed_id": "40262728",
    "results": "Among 581 pregnancies with non-anomalous early-onset SGA fetuses, risk ratios for adverse pregnancy outcomes ranged from 4-fold higher for gestational hypertension/ preeclampsia [95% CI: 3.8 to 5.1], to 10-fold higher for stillbirth [95% CI: 5.6 to 16.6], compared with the rest of the 359,602 non-anomalous births in the province. These relative risks corresponded to 16.5 per 100 excess cases [95% CI: 13.1 to 19.8] and 2.2 per 100 excess cases [95% CI 0.9 to 3.6], respectively. Risks of neonatal complications were similarly elevated (e.g. composite neonatal morbidity was 31-fold higher). While Ministry Special Needs designation was 3-fold higher [95% CI: 2.1 to 5.6], corresponding to 7 per 100 excess cases [95% CI: 2.0-11.5], there was only a trend towards a higher risk of cerebral palsy.",
    "title": "Antenatal diagnosis of early-onset small-for-gestational age: absolute and relative risks of adverse outcomes.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788505b08810>"
}