{
    "abstract": "Heat exposure has been identified as a significant contributory factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases, but the biological mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. We conducted a randomized crossover trial in healthy adults in Shanghai, China. Each subject was alternatively exposed to moderate temperature (22 \u00b0C) and elevated temperature (32 \u00b0C) in a chamber for 2\u00a0h in random order. Blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness were measured before and after each exposure session. Genome-wide DNA methylation, untargeted serum proteomics, metabolomics, and 15 targeted serum biomarkers were analyzed. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the data. The pathway enrichment was performed at the ingenuity pathway analysis platform. The network-based xMWAS analysis was further conducted. A total of 30 participants (15 males and 15 females) completed the trial, with an average age of 21.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.5 years. Heat exposure was associated with higher pulse wave velocity (4.4\u00a0%, 95\u00a0% CI: 0.2, 6.8), augmentation index normalized to 75\u00a0bpm heart rate (190.7\u00a0%, 95\u00a0% CI: 19.0, 362.3) and reflection magnitude (35.9\u00a0%, 95\u00a0% CI: 12.3, 59.5). Exposure to heat was significantly associated with changes in 2 biomarkers on systemic inflammation, 2 on oxidative stress, 1 on coagulation, 2 on lipid metabolism, and 2 on atherosclerotic alterations. Multi-omics analyses indicated heat-induced perturbations in pathways were mostly related to systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, coagulation, and lipid metabolism disorder. Acute heat exposure might impair cardiovascular function and promote multiple adverse biological processes, especially those related to atherosclerosis progression and increase of plaque instability.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.",
            "firstname": "Xinlei",
            "initials": "X",
            "lastname": "Zhu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.",
            "firstname": "Xihao",
            "initials": "X",
            "lastname": "Du"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.",
            "firstname": "Yixiang",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Zhu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.",
            "firstname": "Lu",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "Zhou"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.",
            "firstname": "Cong",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Liu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.",
            "firstname": "Yue",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Niu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Ministry of Education - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.",
            "firstname": "Qingli",
            "initials": "Q",
            "lastname": "Zhang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.",
            "firstname": "Yixuan",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Jiang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: kanh@fudan.edu.cn.",
            "firstname": "Haidong",
            "initials": "H",
            "lastname": "Kan"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: chenrenjie@fudan.edu.cn.",
            "firstname": "Renjie",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Chen"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.envint.2025.109495",
    "journal": "Environment international",
    "keywords": [
        "Cardiovascular effects",
        "DNA methylation",
        "Heat",
        "Metabolomics",
        "Multi-omics",
        "Proteomics",
        "Randomized crossover trial"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-04-27",
    "pubmed_id": "40286558",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Mechanistic insights into the cardiovascular effects of acute heat exposure: A multi-omics analysis based on a randomized crossover trial.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x7885060ba980>"
}