{
    "abstract": "The aim of the study was to evaluate the biocidal efficacy and determine the influence of 90% ethyl alcohol applied in the form of a mist on the surface of model and historical leather.\nThe main object of the study were historical leather shoes from the collections of the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum (A-BSM) in O\u015bwi\u0119cim (Poland). Microorganisms found before on historical leather objects in A-BSM were inoculated onto samples of model and historical leather. Ethanol mist was applied with an airbrush with optimized parameters for 15 s at a concentration of 90%. To increase the biocidal effectiveness, the samples were sealed in a tight package and stored for 22 hours. The effect of disinfection was assessed using culture-dependent methods. Changes on the surfaces was assessed using SEM, FTIR, and XPS techniques.\nOn surfaces inoculated with microorganisms in the following quantities: 10\nDisinfection with ethanol applied in the form of mist can be effectively used to eliminate microbiological contamination of historical objects made of leather in A-BSM.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, O\u015bwi\u0119cim, Poland.",
            "firstname": "Krzysztof",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Kra\u015bnicki"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, O\u015bwi\u0119cim, Poland.",
            "firstname": "Natalia",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Pydyn"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, O\u015bwi\u0119cim, Poland.",
            "firstname": "Aleksandra",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Papis"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Lukasiewicz Research Network-Lodz Institute of Technology, Lodz, Poland.",
            "firstname": "Krystyna",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Guzi\u0144ska"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Lukasiewicz Research Network-Lodz Institute of Technology, Lodz, Poland.",
            "firstname": "Dorota",
            "initials": "D",
            "lastname": "Ka\u017amierczak"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Lublin, Poland.",
            "firstname": "Urszula",
            "initials": "U",
            "lastname": "Macio\u0142ek"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, O\u015bwi\u0119cim, Poland.\nDepartment of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland.",
            "firstname": "Anna",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Wawrzyk"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2025 Kra\u015bnicki, Pydyn, Papis, Guzi\u0144ska, Ka\u017amierczak, Macio\u0142ek and Wawrzyk.",
    "doi": "10.3389/fmicb.2025.1576114\n10.1016/j.watres.2024.122753\n10.13189/eer.2016.040504\n10.5604/12321966.1203878\n10.1128/mmbr.00205-22\n10.1177/0040517516669076\n10.1007/s13225-018-0413-9\n10.1016/j.ibiod.2017.03.001\n10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.08.004\n10.1007/s00253-018-9113-3\n10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.06.081\n10.1007/s13213-013-0716-8\n10.1016/j.ibiod.2020.105055\n10.1016/j.ibiod.2012.07.011\n10.1007/s10453-015-9372-8\n10.1016/S0964-8305(03)00090-8\n10.1128/CMR.00134-14\n10.3389/fmats.2020.00021\n10.1186/s40494-019-0269-7\n10.3390/ma16072700\n10.1016/j.ibiod.2018.05.016\n10.3390/microorganisms9112359\n10.3390/ma17102323\n10.1007/s40201-020-00490-z\n10.1016/j.ibiod.2020.104997",
    "journal": "Frontiers in microbiology",
    "keywords": [
        "biodeterioration",
        "cultural heritage",
        "disinfection",
        "ethanol",
        "microorganisms"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-04-25",
    "pubmed_id": "40276227\n39531793\n27294620\n38958456\n29869070\n24860283\n26346115\n26016486\n37048992\n34835484\n38793390\n33312590",
    "results": "On surfaces inoculated with microorganisms in the following quantities: 10",
    "title": "Reducing microbial contamination on historical leather artifacts at the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum using ethanol in the form of mist.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788503085120>"
}