{
    "abstract": "The coracobrachialis muscle (CB) represents one of the anterior arm compartment muscles. It has been defined by classic anatomy textbooks and old papers, as a muscle of one belly arising from the coracoid process tip and partially from the tendon of the biceps brachii short head, and inserted into the humeral shaft, above the bone's midpoint. However, recent cadaveric studies have confirmed that in the majority of cases, the CB is a two-headed muscle consisting of a superficial and a deep head. This finding has caused confusion regarding the terminology of CB's morphology. Typical CB morphology, according to recent data should not be considered the muscle of one belly, but the two-headed muscle. In particular, the musculocutaneous nerve's (MCN) course\u00a0plays an important role in defining the CB morphological characteristics. If the MCN courses medially to the CB, with no signs of penetration after dissection, it can be concluded, that the CB is composed of one head; otherwise, if the muscle is composed of two or more heads, the MCN will courses between the CB bellies. In conclusion, it is of paramount importance to adopt common-universal terminology. Hence, considering recent findings, if the CB origin and/or the insertion differs from the typical anatomy, an \"atypical CB\" is the proper definition of the muscle, while if this \"atypical CB\" coexists with a typical CB, the terminology \"accessory CB\" may be used.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.",
            "firstname": "George",
            "initials": "G",
            "lastname": "Triantafyllou"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Anatomy and Surgical Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.",
            "firstname": "Konstantinos",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Natsis"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Queen Giovanna-ISUL, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.",
            "firstname": "Georgi P",
            "initials": "GP",
            "lastname": "Georgiev"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.\nDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, \"251\" Hellenic Air Force General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.",
            "firstname": "Christos",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Koutserimpas"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.",
            "firstname": "\u0141ukasz",
            "initials": "\u0141",
            "lastname": "Olewnik"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.",
            "firstname": "George",
            "initials": "G",
            "lastname": "Tsakotos"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.",
            "firstname": "Nicol",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Zielinska"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece. piagkoumara@gmail.com.",
            "firstname": "Maria",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Piagkou"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2023. The Author(s).",
    "doi": "10.1007/s00276-023-03258-w\n10.1055/s-0038-16415751\n10.1177/17531934221078685\n10.5603/FM.a2023.0028\n10.1007/s00276-015-1564-y\n10.3390/medicina56120713\n10.2535/ofaj1936.40.3_195\n10.5644/ama2006-124.173\n10.1007/s00276-023-03207-7\n10.1148/rg.2820750641\n10.1007/s00276-021-02700-1\n10.3390/medicina59081445\n10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151825",
    "journal": "Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA",
    "keywords": [
        "Accessory muscle",
        "Anatomy",
        "Coracobrachialis muscle",
        "Head",
        "Morphology",
        "Variant",
        "Variation"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2023-11-07",
    "pubmed_id": "37934299\n29791956\n11552663\n35255761\n37144851\n26464302\n33353179\n2508409\n14213705\n28000493\n37464221\n18349452\n33564931\n37629735\n17230706\n34481938",
    "results": null,
    "title": "The coracobrachialis muscle: typical morphology, accessory forms, and the issues with terminology.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x7885055b4d60>"
}