{
    "abstract": "[(18)F]-tetrafluoroborate is a PET radiotracer taken up by the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS). Albeit the in vivo behavior in rodents is similar to the (99m)Tc-pertechnetate, no studies exist in primates or in humans. The aims of this study were to evaluate the biodistribution of [(18)F]-tetrafluoroborate in non-human primates with PET and to estimate the absorbed dose in organs.\nWhole-body PET imaging was done in a Siemens ECAT HR+ scanner in two male Macaca fascicularis monkeys. After an i.v. injection of 24.93\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05\u00a0MBq/kg of [(18)F]-tetrafluoroborate, prepared by isotopic exchange of sodium tetrafluoroborate with [(18)F]-fluoride under acidic conditions, eight sequential images from the head to the thigh (five beds) were collected for a total duration of 132\u00a0min. The whole-body emission scan was reconstructed applying attenuation and scatter corrections. After image reconstruction, three-dimensional volumes of interest (VOIs) were hand-drawn on the PET transaxial or coronal slices of the frame where the organ was most conspicuous. Time-activity curves for each VOI were obtained, and the organ residence times were calculated by integration of the time-activity curves. Human absorbed doses were estimated using the OLINDA/EXM software and the standard human model.\n[(18)F]-tetrafluoroborate was able to discriminate clearly the thyroid gland with an excellent signal-to-noise ratio. Most of the radiotracers (residence time) are localised in the organs that express NIS (stomach wall, salivary glands, thyroid, olfactory mucosa), are involved in excretion (kidneys and bladder), or reflect the vascular phase (heart and lungs). Considering the OLINDA source organs, the critical organs were the stomach wall, thyroid and bladder wall, with absorbed doses lower than 0.078\u00a0mGy/MBq. The effective dose was 0.025\u00a0mSv/MBq.\n[(18)F]-tetrafluoroborate is a very useful radiotracer for PET thyroid imaging in primates, with a characteristic biodistribution in organs expressing NIS. It delivers an effective dose slightly higher than the dose produced by (99m)Tc-pertechnetate but much lower than that produced by radioiodine in the form of (131)INa, (123)INa, or (124)INa.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. P\u00edo XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain. jmmartic@unav.es.\nInstituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain. jmmartic@unav.es.",
            "firstname": "J M",
            "initials": "JM",
            "lastname": "Marti-Climent"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. P\u00edo XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain. mcollant@unav.es.\nInstituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain. mcollant@unav.es.\nSmall Animal Imaging Research Unit, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) - Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. mcollant@unav.es.",
            "firstname": "M",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Collantes"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Imaging Sciences, King's College, London, UK. maite.jauregui-osoro@kcl.ac.uk.",
            "firstname": "M",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Jauregui-Osoro"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. P\u00edo XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain. gquinfer@unav.es.\nInstituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain. gquinfer@unav.es.",
            "firstname": "G",
            "initials": "G",
            "lastname": "Quincoces"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. P\u00edo XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain. eprietoaz@unav.es.\nInstituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain. eprietoaz@unav.es.",
            "firstname": "E",
            "initials": "E",
            "lastname": "Prieto"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Small Animal Imaging Research Unit, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) - Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. izaskun.bilbao@cnic.es.\nFundaci\u00f3n Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain. izaskun.bilbao@cnic.es.",
            "firstname": "I",
            "initials": "I",
            "lastname": "Bilbao"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Small Animal Imaging Research Unit, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) - Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. mecay@unav.es.",
            "firstname": "M",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Ecay"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. P\u00edo XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain. jarichter@unav.es.\nInstituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain. jarichter@unav.es.",
            "firstname": "J A",
            "initials": "JA",
            "lastname": "Richter"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. P\u00edo XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain. ipenuelas@unav.es.\nInstituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain. ipenuelas@unav.es.\nSmall Animal Imaging Research Unit, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) - Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. ipenuelas@unav.es.",
            "firstname": "I",
            "initials": "I",
            "lastname": "Pe\u00f1uelas"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": "10.1186/s13550-015-0148-5\n10.1007/BF03345302\n10.1210/er.2001-0029\n10.1530/eje.0.1410382\n10.1186/1471-2407-14-303\n10.7150/thno.3722\n10.2174/156652312799789235\n10.1007/s00259-002-0775-8\n10.1007/s00259-010-1523-0\n10.1074/jbc.272.43.27230\n10.1210/endo-66-6-888\n10.1007/s00259-010-1601-3\n10.1097/MNM.0b013e3283419540\n10.2967/jnumed.107.044842\n10.1007/s00259-007-0644-6\n10.2967/jnumed.111.096677\n10.1007/s00259-009-1351-2\n10.2967/jnumed.111.088955\n10.2460/ajvr.67.8.1362\n10.1210/jcem.83.5.4839\n10.1177/0192623307312700\n10.1007/s12020-011-9469-y",
    "journal": "EJNMMI research",
    "keywords": [
        "Dosimetry",
        "Non-human primate",
        "PET",
        "Radionuclide imaging",
        "Sodium/iodide symporter",
        "Tetrafluoroborate",
        "Thyroid"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2015-12-05",
    "pubmed_id": "26635227\n15754731\n12588808\n10526253\n24884806\n22539935\n22263922\n12029549\n15299063\n20577737\n9341168\n13793273\n20821208\n21085047\n9379202\n18006619\n15937315\n11216519\n18071701\n15471841\n22251554\n20069293\n22499613\n20948452\n16881848\n9589686\n18364462\n21499816\n10840563\n3505163",
    "results": "[(18)F]-tetrafluoroborate was able to discriminate clearly the thyroid gland with an excellent signal-to-noise ratio. Most of the radiotracers (residence time) are localised in the organs that express NIS (stomach wall, salivary glands, thyroid, olfactory mucosa), are involved in excretion (kidneys and bladder), or reflect the vascular phase (heart and lungs). Considering the OLINDA source organs, the critical organs were the stomach wall, thyroid and bladder wall, with absorbed doses lower than 0.078\u00a0mGy/MBq. The effective dose was 0.025\u00a0mSv/MBq.",
    "title": "Radiation dosimetry and biodistribution in non-human primates of the sodium/iodide PET ligand [(18)F]-tetrafluoroborate.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788504595260>"
}