{
    "abstract": "The study aims were to evaluate the species distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of Gram-negative pathogens isolated from specimens of intra-abdominal infections (IAI), urinary tract infections (UTI), respiratory tract infections (RTI), and blood stream infections (BSI) in emergency departments (EDs) in China.\nFrom 2016 to 2019, 656 isolates were collected from 18 hospitals across China. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by CLSI broth microdilution and interpreted according to CLSI M100 (2021) guidelines. In addition, organ-specific weighted incidence antibiograms (OSWIAs) were constructed.\nEscherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) were the most common pathogens isolated from BSI, IAI and UTI, accounting for 80% of the Gram-negative clinical isolates, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) was mainly isolated from RTI. E. coli showed\u2009<\u200910% resistance rates to amikacin, colistin,\u00a0ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam. K. pneumoniae exhibited low resistance rates only to colistin (6.4%) and\u00a0amikacin\u00a0(17.5%) with resistance rates of 25-29% to carbapenems. P. aeruginosa exhibited low resistance rates only to amikacin (13.4%), colistin (11.6%), and tobramycin (10.8%) with over 30% resistance to all traditional antipseudomonal antimicrobials including ceftazidime, cefepime, carbapenems and levofloxacin. OSWIAs were different at different infection sites. Among them, the susceptibility of RTI to conventional antibiotics was lower than for IAI, UTI or BSI.\nGram-negative bacteria collected from Chinese EDs exhibited high resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Susceptibilities were organ specific for different infection sites, knowledge which will be useful for guiding empirical therapies in the clinic.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310016, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.\nKey Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, 310016, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.",
            "firstname": "Ying",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Fu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310016, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.\nKey Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, 310016, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.",
            "firstname": "Feng",
            "initials": "F",
            "lastname": "Zhao"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310016, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.\nKey Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, 310016, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.",
            "firstname": "Jie",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Lin"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "MRL Global Medical Affairs, MSD China, 200233, Shanghai, China.",
            "firstname": "Pengcheng",
            "initials": "P",
            "lastname": "Li"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310016, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. yvys119@zju.edu.cn.\nKey Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, 310012, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. yvys119@zju.edu.cn.\nRegional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310016, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. yvys119@zju.edu.cn.",
            "firstname": "Yunsong",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Yu"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2024. The Author(s).",
    "doi": "10.1186/s12879-024-09294-0\n10.3389/fphar.2021.757309\n10.1186/s13054-014-0480-6\n10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337\n10.1186/s12916-018-1073-z\n10.1186/s12916-019-1412-8\n10.1186/cc13901\n10.1080/14787210.2021.1967145\n10.1086/664768\n10.1186/s12879-018-3494-x\n10.1093/jac/dki245\n10.2147/IDR.S203572\n10.1016/j.micres.2022.127249\n10.3390/ijms21145090\n10.4103/0974-777X.68531\n10.1002/ardp.201800141\n10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130042\n10.1128/CMR.00115-20\n10.1002/phar.2209\n10.1186/s13054-021-03787-z",
    "journal": "BMC infectious diseases",
    "keywords": [
        "Antibiogram",
        "Antibiotic-Resistance",
        "Carbapenem",
        "Cephalosporin",
        "OSWIA",
        "SMART"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2024-05-18",
    "pubmed_id": "38760687\n34803701\n25405992\n34605781\n29860943\n31537199\n24887215\n34424116\n22418634\n30453893\n16020539\n31118698\n36356348\n32708513\n20927289\n30228863\n30048015\n36182890\n33177185\n32052041\n30710469\n28711429\n34654462",
    "results": "Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) were the most common pathogens isolated from BSI, IAI and UTI, accounting for 80% of the Gram-negative clinical isolates, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) was mainly isolated from RTI. E. coli showed\u2009<\u200910% resistance rates to amikacin, colistin,\u00a0ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam. K. pneumoniae exhibited low resistance rates only to colistin (6.4%) and\u00a0amikacin\u00a0(17.5%) with resistance rates of 25-29% to carbapenems. P. aeruginosa exhibited low resistance rates only to amikacin (13.4%), colistin (11.6%), and tobramycin (10.8%) with over 30% resistance to all traditional antipseudomonal antimicrobials including ceftazidime, cefepime, carbapenems and levofloxacin. OSWIAs were different at different infection sites. Among them, the susceptibility of RTI to conventional antibiotics was lower than for IAI, UTI or BSI.",
    "title": "Antibiotic susceptibility patterns and trends of the gram-negative bacteria isolated from the patients in the emergency departments in China: results of SMART 2016-2019.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788505551da0>"
}