{
    "abstract": "Brine mining can represent a valuable non-conventional resource for the extraction of Mg, Li, B, Sr and other Trace Elements (TEs) such as Rb, Cs, whose recoveries require chemical reagents such as alkaline and acidic solutions. In a circular strategy, these required chemicals can be produced in-situ through Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes (EDBM). In this work, a laboratory EDBM unit was operated using real brines from Trapani saltworks to investigate, for the first time, the migration of minor and trace ions, as Li, B, Sr, Cs and Rb through ion-exchange membranes (IEMs). Two different operating configurations were tested by feeding real brines: i) only in the salt channel or ii) in both salt and alkaline compartments. Trace ions migration was assessed by determining their apparent transport number in IEMs to better understanding their \"fate\" within the EDBM process. The use of real solutions in the base channel resulted in a 50\u00a0% reduction in the process water demand, while achieving similar overall Current Efficiencies (75-78\u00a0%) and Specific Energy Consumptions (1.50-1.80 kWh/kg",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, Campus Diagonal-Bes\u00f2s, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Bes\u00f2s, 08930 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: julio.lopez.rodriguez@upc.edu.",
            "firstname": "Julio",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Lopez"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Palermo, viale delle Scienze ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Antonia",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Filingeri"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Palermo, viale delle Scienze ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy. Electronic address: andrea.culcasi@unipa.it.",
            "firstname": "Andrea",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Culcasi"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, Campus Diagonal-Bes\u00f2s, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Bes\u00f2s, 08930 Barcelona, Spain.",
            "firstname": "Marc",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Fern\u00e1ndez de Labastida"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Palermo, viale delle Scienze ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy; ResourSEAs SrL, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.16, 90128 Palermo, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Alessandro",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Tamburini"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, Campus Diagonal-Bes\u00f2s, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Bes\u00f2s, 08930 Barcelona, Spain.",
            "firstname": "Jos\u00e9 Luis",
            "initials": "JL",
            "lastname": "Cortina"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Palermo, viale delle Scienze ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Giorgio",
            "initials": "G",
            "lastname": "Micale"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Palermo, viale delle Scienze ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Andrea",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Cipollina"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177934",
    "journal": "The Science of the total environment",
    "keywords": [
        "Anion-exchange membrane",
        "Boron",
        "Caesium",
        "Electro-membrane process",
        "Lithium",
        "Rubidium",
        "Strontium"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2024-12-18",
    "pubmed_id": "39693670",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes to valorise saline waste streams: Analysing the fate of valuable minor elements.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788504e5ee80>"
}