{
    "abstract": "To evaluate the prevalence of constipation during pregnancy and early puerperium.\nObservational survey.\nSecondary and tertiary hospital in Finland.\nPregnant (n\u00a0=\u00a0474) and postpartum (n\u00a0=\u00a0403) women and a control group of 200 non-pregnant women who did not give birth in the past year.\nWomen reported bowel function and other gastrointestinal symptoms on a structured questionnaire using an 11-point numerical rating scale (0\u00a0=\u00a0no symptom, 10\u00a0=\u00a0most severe symptom) and binominal yes/no questions during the second and third trimesters and few days and 1 month after childbirth.\nPrevalence of constipation based on the Rome IV criteria.\nThe data consist of five cohorts of women: second trimester (n\u00a0=\u00a0264), third trimester (n\u00a0=\u00a0210), after vaginal delivery (n\u00a0=\u00a0200) or caesarean section (n\u00a0=\u00a0203), and a control group (n\u00a0=\u00a0200). The prevalence of constipation was 40% in pregnant women and 52% (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001) in postpartum women, which was a higher prevalence than that in the control group, where 21% had constipation (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). A few days after delivery, the prevalence of constipation was lower after vaginal delivery (47%) than caesarean section (57%, P\u00a0<\u00a00.039). One month postpartum, the prevalence of constipation was low: 9% after vaginal delivery (P\u00a0=\u00a00.002 compared with the control group) and 15% after caesarean section. Other gastrointestinal symptoms were common; pregnant women had the highest prevalence (34%) of nausea/vomiting.\nThe prevalence of constipation was two- to three-fold higher in pregnant women and a few days after delivery than in non-pregnant women. During puerperium, bowel function returned to or below that reported in non-pregnant women.\nConstipation is common in pregnancy and after delivery, but bowel function returns early in puerperium.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.\nSchool of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.",
            "firstname": "M",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Kuronen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.",
            "firstname": "S",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Hantunen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.",
            "firstname": "L",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "Alanne"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.",
            "firstname": "H",
            "initials": "H",
            "lastname": "Kokki"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.",
            "firstname": "C",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Saukko"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Anaesthesia, Satakunta Central Hospital, Pori, Finland.",
            "firstname": "S",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Sj\u00f6vall"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.",
            "firstname": "K",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Vesterinen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.",
            "firstname": "M",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Kokki"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "The prevalence of constipation was two- to three-fold higher in pregnant women and a few days after delivery than in non-pregnant women. During puerperium, bowel function returned to or below that reported in non-pregnant women.",
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.",
    "doi": "10.1111/1471-0528.16559",
    "journal": "BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology",
    "keywords": [
        "Bowel function",
        "constipation",
        "postpartum",
        "pregnancy",
        "puerperium"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2020-10-09",
    "pubmed_id": "33030260",
    "results": "The data consist of five cohorts of women: second trimester (n\u00a0=\u00a0264), third trimester (n\u00a0=\u00a0210), after vaginal delivery (n\u00a0=\u00a0200) or caesarean section (n\u00a0=\u00a0203), and a control group (n\u00a0=\u00a0200). The prevalence of constipation was 40% in pregnant women and 52% (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001) in postpartum women, which was a higher prevalence than that in the control group, where 21% had constipation (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). A few days after delivery, the prevalence of constipation was lower after vaginal delivery (47%) than caesarean section (57%, P\u00a0<\u00a00.039). One month postpartum, the prevalence of constipation was low: 9% after vaginal delivery (P\u00a0=\u00a00.002 compared with the control group) and 15% after caesarean section. Other gastrointestinal symptoms were common; pregnant women had the highest prevalence (34%) of nausea/vomiting.",
    "title": "Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal constipation - an observational hybrid survey on pregnant and postpartum women and their age-matched non-pregnant controls.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788504c77970>"
}