{
    "abstract": "To evaluate the transmembrane clearance (CL\nApixaban was added to the CRRT circuit and serial pre-filter bovine blood samples were collected along with post-filter blood and effluent samples. All experiments were performed in duplicate using continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) and hemodialysis (CVVHD) modes, with varying filter types, flow rates, and point of CVVH replacement fluid dilution. Concentrations of apixaban and urea were quantified via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma pharmacokinetic parameters for apixaban were estimated via noncompartmental analysis. CL\nMean adsorption to the HF1400 and M150 filters differed significantly at 38 and 13%, respectively, while mean (\u00b1 standard deviation, SD) percent protein binding was 70.81\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01%. Effect of CVVH point of dilution did not differ across filter types, although CL\nFor CRRT flow rates most commonly employed in clinical practice, the standard labeled 5\u2009mg BID dose of apixaban is predicted to achieve target systemic exposure thresholds. The safety and efficacy of these proposed dosing regimens warrants further investigation in clinical studies.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Room 164 (M/C 886),, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.",
            "firstname": "Lauren",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "Andrews"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Room 164 (M/C 886),, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.",
            "firstname": "Scott",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Benken"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Room 164 (M/C 886),, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.",
            "firstname": "Xing",
            "initials": "X",
            "lastname": "Tan"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Room 164 (M/C 886),, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. wenzler@uic.edu.",
            "firstname": "Eric",
            "initials": "E",
            "lastname": "Wenzler"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "For CRRT flow rates most commonly employed in clinical practice, the standard labeled 5\u2009mg BID dose of apixaban is predicted to achieve target systemic exposure thresholds. The safety and efficacy of these proposed dosing regimens warrants further investigation in clinical studies.",
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": "10.1186/s12882-021-02248-7\n10.1378/chest.15-0287\n10.1002/jhm.2159\n10.1371/journal.pone.0106793\n10.1164/rccm.201603-0618OC\n10.1097/CCM.0000000000002325\n10.1155/2015/394961\n10.1016/j.chest.2019.05.025\n10.1001/archinte.163.7.759\n10.1001/archinte.163.5.621\n10.1378/chest.09-0959\n10.1093/ndt/gfm744\n10.1097/01.CCM.0000277041.13090.0A\n10.1038/sj.ki.5002743\n10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181a5906f\n10.1007/s00134-015-3934-7\n10.2215/CJN.03681106\n10.1001/jama.294.7.813\n10.1177/0091270006289975\n10.1001/jama.2009.1800\n10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026\n10.1056/NEJMoa1302507\n10.1056/NEJMoa1107039\n10.1097/ALN.0b013e318289bcba\n10.1016/j.ccl.2013.07.001\n10.1097/MBC.0000000000000333\n10.1681/ASN.2016090980\n10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035418\n10.1002/jcph.628\n10.1093/jac/dkt261\n10.1093/jac/dku177\n10.1186/s13054-015-0818-8\n10.5301/ijao.5000422\n10.1007/s40262-016-0495-z\n10.1002/pds.1694\n10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04369.x\n10.4155/bio.14.66\n10.1159/000097078\n10.1097/MCC.0b013e3282f0a3d3\n10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181aab3d0\n10.1111/bcp.12106\n10.1002/psp4.12184\n10.1007/s40262-019-00775-z\n10.1093/ndt/gfg055\n10.1007/s13318-011-0037-x\n10.1097/01.ccm.0000529365.46704.ab\n10.1159/000316685\n10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60287-6\n10.1089/jwh.2006.M075\n10.1016/j.critrevonc.2006.12.006\n10.1177/1076029618755311\n10.1159/000455897\n10.1159/000430904\n10.1159/000368884\n10.1159/000489212\n10.1128/AAC.03783-14\n10.1007/s00134-002-1495-z\n10.1097/FTD.0000000000000330\n10.1128/AAC.41.12.2640\n10.1002/phar.1866\n10.1186/s13054-015-0753-8\n10.1093/jac/dkp302\n10.1177/1060028019865873\n10.1111/j.1540-8191.2007.00471.x\n10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.03.018\n10.5301/ijao.5000377\n10.1007/s10047-019-01139-x\n10.1128/AAC.00858-07\n10.1128/AAC.36.7.1424\n10.1186/cc7093\n10.1128/AAC.01643-18\n10.1093/ndt/gfi296",
    "journal": "BMC nephrology",
    "keywords": [
        "Apixaban",
        "CRRT",
        "CVVH",
        "CVVHD",
        "Dialysis",
        "Pharmacokinetics",
        "Renal replacement therapy",
        "Saturation coefficient",
        "Sieving coefficient",
        "Transmembrane clearance"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2021-02-01",
    "pubmed_id": "33516188\n26111103\n24497463\n25269021\n28702263\n27467907\n28296811\n26057373\n31251908\n12695266\n12622610\n20081101\n24218420\n17962378\n22890468\n17581483\n18160961\n19602973\n26162677\n17699448\n16106006\n16855073\n19996401\n26867832\n28381917\n23808982\n21870978\n23416382\n24188219\n26414695\n29105079\n28302754\n29954737\n26331581\n23800905\n24879665\n25881576\n26349527\n28035589\n22232751\n30833428\n19125401\n22759198\n25322783\n17124423\n4077288\n17975384\n19487930\n30082292\n23451769\n28547774\n31089975\n12686672\n21461793\n20588011\n19055202\n17324102\n17317206\n29455567\n28237981\n26138225\n25531772\n30048960\n25313211\n12583375\n27494946\n9420033\n27862103\n25645660\n19706668\n31342772\n18039205\n30904466\n25633891\n31630269\n18086842\n1510437\n15519479\n19040780\n30275091\n32439687\n16326743",
    "results": "Mean adsorption to the HF1400 and M150 filters differed significantly at 38 and 13%, respectively, while mean (\u00b1 standard deviation, SD) percent protein binding was 70.81\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01%. Effect of CVVH point of dilution did not differ across filter types, although CL",
    "title": "Pharmacokinetics and dialytic clearance of apixaban during in vitro continuous renal replacement therapy.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x78850564bc40>"
}