{
    "abstract": "A total of 61 patients with lower urinary tract injuries were treated at Nara Medical University and its affiliated hospitals, between January 1985 and June 1995. There were 9 patients with bladder injuries and 52 patients with urethral injuries. The main cause of bladder injury was a traffic accident sustained in 4 patients (44.5%) and that of urethral injury was an occupational accident sustained in 27 cases (51.9%). The major associated injuries were a bone fracture seen in 45 patients (73.8%) and an intrascrotal hematoma seen in 28 patients (45.9%). Posterior urethral injuries associated with pelvic bone fractures were classified into 3 types according to the classification reported by Colapinto et al.; 8 patients (32.0%) into Type I, 8 (32.0%) into Type II and 9 (36.0%) into Type III. Of the 25 patients with posterior urethral injuries, 8 (32.0%) underwent immediate surgical treatment, 12 (48.0%) underwent initial cystostomies and delayed surgical treatment and 5 (20.0%) received indwelling of urethral catheters. Postoperative complications of urethral injury included urethral stricture in 30 patients (57.7%), incontinence in 3 (5.8%) and impotence in 3 (5.8%). A significant relationship between the duration of cystostomy and the incidence of postoperative urethral stricture was observed in our patients. Therefore at least three weeks of cystostomy will be necessary in the management of patients with complicated urethral injuries.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Urology, Nara Medical University.",
            "firstname": "M",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Tanaka"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "S",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Ozono"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "K",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Takashima"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "K",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Yoshida"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Y",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Hirao"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "E",
            "initials": "E",
            "lastname": "Okajima"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Y",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Kaneko"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "S",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Tabata"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "K",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Yoshida"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "A",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Moriya"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": null,
    "journal": "Hinyokika kiyo. Acta urologica Japonica",
    "keywords": [],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "1997-01-01",
    "pubmed_id": "9046414",
    "results": null,
    "title": "[Clinical studies on lower urinary tract injury].",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x71defddb7100>"
}