{
    "abstract": "Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of neural signal propagation is fundamental to unraveling the complexities of brain function. Emerging evidence suggests that cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) resulting from single-pulse electrical stimulation may be used to characterize the patterns of information flow between and within brain networks. At present, the basic spatiotemporal dynamics of CCEP propagation cortically and subcortically are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that single-pulse electrical stimulation evokes neural traveling waves detectable in the three-dimensional space sampled by intracranial stereoelectroencephalography. Across a cohort of 21 adult males and females with intractable epilepsy, we delivered 17,631 stimulation pulses and recorded CCEP responses in 1,019 electrode contacts. The distance between each pair of electrode contacts was approximated using three different metrics (Euclidean distance, path length, and geodesic distance), representing direct, tractographic, and transcortical propagation, respectively. For each robust CCEP, we extracted amplitude-, spectral-, and phase-based features to identify traveling waves emanating from the site of stimulation. Many evoked responses to stimulation appear to propagate as traveling waves (\u223c14-28%, \u223c5-19% with false-discovery rate correction), despite sparse sampling throughout the brain. These stimulation-evoked traveling waves exhibited biologically plausible propagation velocities (range 0.1-9.6 m/s). Our results reveal that direct electrical stimulation elicits neural activity with variable spatiotemporal dynamics that can be modeled as a traveling wave.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.",
            "firstname": "Justin M",
            "initials": "JM",
            "lastname": "Campbell"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.",
            "firstname": "Tyler S",
            "initials": "TS",
            "lastname": "Davis"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.",
            "firstname": "Daria",
            "initials": "D",
            "lastname": "Nesterovich Anderson"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City School of Medicine, UT, USA.",
            "firstname": "Amir",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Arain"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.\nDepartment of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.",
            "firstname": "Zachary W",
            "initials": "ZW",
            "lastname": "Davis"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.\nDepartment of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.",
            "firstname": "Cory S",
            "initials": "CS",
            "lastname": "Inman"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.\nDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.\nDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.",
            "firstname": "Elliot H",
            "initials": "EH",
            "lastname": "Smith"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.\nDepartment of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.",
            "firstname": "John D",
            "initials": "JD",
            "lastname": "Rolston"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2025 the authors.",
    "doi": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1504-24.2025",
    "journal": "The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience",
    "keywords": [],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-04-18",
    "pubmed_id": "40246523",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Macroscale traveling waves evoked by single-pulse stimulation of the human brain.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788506f272e0>"
}