{
    "abstract": "Modeling complex, nonlinear ecosystem processes across different timescales presents a significant challenge. We identify two key issues: selecting a representative timestep that captures interconnected processes across various timescales, and simulating these processes in an appropriate sequence. By synthesizing existing ecosystem frameworks, we find shared compromises between biological realism and computational performance. For the representative timestep, these include 'selective elimination of timescales', 'biting the bullet', 'each in their own time', and 'capture the unseen'. For processing order, we identify hierarchical, logical, iterative, and random approaches. Similar challenges exist in other disciplines, and we show how transferring methods from multiple fields, along with smarter computing, can improve timescale integration. Overcoming these challenges requires innovative transdisciplinary solutions, and we outline directions for future research.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK. Electronic address: vgroner@ic.ac.uk.",
            "firstname": "Vivienne P",
            "initials": "VP",
            "lastname": "Groner"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK.",
            "firstname": "Jacob",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Cook"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK.",
            "firstname": "C David L",
            "initials": "CDL",
            "lastname": "Orme"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.",
            "firstname": "Priyanga",
            "initials": "P",
            "lastname": "Amarasekare"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Rd, Reading RG2 9AX, UK.",
            "firstname": "Edward",
            "initials": "E",
            "lastname": "Comyn-Platt"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK.",
            "firstname": "Taran",
            "initials": "T",
            "lastname": "Rallings"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Centre for Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India; Advancing Systems Analysis Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria; Complexity Science and Evolution Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Jaideep",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Joshi"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK.",
            "firstname": "Robert M",
            "initials": "RM",
            "lastname": "Ewers"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.tree.2025.03.011",
    "journal": "Trends in ecology & evolution",
    "keywords": [
        "ecosystem modeling",
        "multiple timescales",
        "transdisciplinary challenge"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-04-27",
    "pubmed_id": "40287334",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Harmonizing nature's timescales in ecosystem models.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x7885061f9580>"
}