{
    "abstract": "We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 28-day Cyclic and 84-day Extended regimens of NPC-16 (ethinylestradiol 0.02\u00a0mg plus levonorgestrel 0.09\u00a0mg) in patients with dysmenorrhea.\nThis was a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial conducted in Japan. A total of 251 primary and secondary dysmenorrhea patients were randomly assigned to the NPC-16-Cyclic group, NPC-16-Extended group, or the Placebo group. The primary end point was a comparison of the efficacy and safety of the Cyclic and Extended NPC-16 regimen for the treatment of dysmenorrhea relative to the Placebo.\nSignificantly greater reductions in total dysmenorrhea score and visual analog scale score were observed in the Cyclic and Extended groups compared with the Placebo group. Compared with the Cyclic regimen as a secondary end point, the Extended regimen exhibited greater efficacy in the treatment of dysmenorrhea over the course of the study period, particularly in patients with severe dysmenorrhea. The incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) was significantly higher in the Cyclic and Extended groups than in the Placebo group.\nThe Cyclic and Extended regimens of NPC-16 significantly reduced dysmenorrhea severity compared to placebo. The Extended regimen was superior to cyclic regimen in reducing the dysmenorrhea.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tottori University Faculty of Medicine Yonago Japan.",
            "firstname": "Tasuku",
            "initials": "T",
            "lastname": "Harada"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Integrated Women's Health St. Luke's International Hospital Tokyo Japan.",
            "firstname": "Mikio",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Momoeda"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "The Cyclic and Extended regimens of NPC-16 significantly reduced dysmenorrhea severity compared to placebo. The Extended regimen was superior to cyclic regimen in reducing the dysmenorrhea.",
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Reproductive Medicine and Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japan Society for Reproductive Medicine.",
    "doi": "10.1002/rmb2.12373",
    "journal": "Reproductive medicine and biology",
    "keywords": [
        "dysmenorrhea",
        "ethinylestradiol",
        "levonorgestrel",
        "low\u2010dose estrogen/progestin combination product",
        "placebo\u2010controlled randomized trial"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2021-04-15",
    "pubmed_id": "33850455\n16880317\n16690671\n21856548\n31488888\n24366116\n18164001\n21420678\n27717552\n12521651\n28911925\n29937152\n26115056\n19442968\n17892973\n12969698\n26364832\n20567196\n24435778\n29787038\n29530425\n28162779\n28668150\n20025633\n28189702\n8218004",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Efficacy of cyclic and extended regimens of ethinylestradiol 0.02\u00a0mg -levonorgestrel 0.09\u00a0mg for dysmenorrhea: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x7885032cbc40>"
}