{
    "abstract": "Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody production by hyper-activated B cells. Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) relieve lupus symptoms by inhibiting mainly T cells, whether MSCs also inhibit B cells has been controversial. Here, we found that na\u00efve MSCs inhibited IFN-\u03b3 production by T cells, but not IgM production by B cells. We used a chemical approach to prime MSCs to inhibit B cells. We found that ingenol-3-angelate (I3A), a non-tumor-promoting phorbol ester, activated MSCs to inhibit B cells in a TGF-\u03b21-dependent manner. We also showed that IL-1\u03b2 induced MSCs to continuously secrete TGF-\u03b21, which directly inhibited IgM production by B cells, whereas IL-1\u03b2 did not. I3A-treated MSCs were better than na\u00efve MSCs at ameliorating SLE symptoms in MRL.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.\nBioengineering Institute, CorestemChemon Inc., Gyeonggi 13486, Republic of Korea.",
            "firstname": "Hong Kyung",
            "initials": "HK",
            "lastname": "Lee"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.",
            "firstname": "Hwa Kyung",
            "initials": "HK",
            "lastname": "Kim"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.",
            "firstname": "Ji Yeon",
            "initials": "JY",
            "lastname": "Kim"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.",
            "firstname": "Ji Su",
            "initials": "JS",
            "lastname": "Kim"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.\nBioengineering Institute, CorestemChemon Inc., Gyeonggi 13486, Republic of Korea.",
            "firstname": "JinKyung",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Park"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.\nBioengineering Institute, CorestemChemon Inc., Gyeonggi 13486, Republic of Korea.",
            "firstname": "Min Sung",
            "initials": "MS",
            "lastname": "Kim"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.\nBioengineering Institute, CorestemChemon Inc., Gyeonggi 13486, Republic of Korea.",
            "firstname": "Tae Yong",
            "initials": "TY",
            "lastname": "Lee"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.",
            "firstname": "Key-Hwan",
            "initials": "KH",
            "lastname": "Lim"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.",
            "firstname": "Hanseul",
            "initials": "H",
            "lastname": "Park"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.",
            "firstname": "Dong Ju",
            "initials": "DJ",
            "lastname": "Son"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.",
            "firstname": "Jin Tae",
            "initials": "JT",
            "lastname": "Hong"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.",
            "firstname": "Sang-Bae",
            "initials": "SB",
            "lastname": "Han"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": "10.3390/ijms252312625\n10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355845\n10.1186/s12950-024-00381-2\n10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.09.022\n10.1093/stcltm/szae044\n10.1016/j.tips.2023.04.006\n10.3390/biomedicines11020445\n10.1038/srep41258\n10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-1972\n10.1016/j.stem.2012.03.007\n10.1093/ndt/gfm740\n10.1182/blood-2005-07-2657\n10.4049/jimmunol.1400036\n10.7150/thno.32260\n10.1089/scd.2014.0155\n10.1634/stemcells.2005-0008\n10.7150/thno.46835\n10.1128/MCB.00238-18\n10.1155/2019/2509606\n10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120633\n10.1186/s13287-022-03075-9\n10.1186/s13287-022-02780-9\n10.1016/j.biochi.2020.08.003\n10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.04.020\n10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01173\n10.1186/s13287-020-02050-6\n10.1007/s13770-020-00324-x\n10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118658\n10.1186/s12967-015-0642-6\n10.1111/jcmm.14635\n10.3390/ijms242216264\n10.1093/cvr/cvz190\n10.1155/2020/5617192\n10.36849/JDD.2020.4731\n10.2174/1871520617666170213130523\n10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.11.073\n10.1046/j.1365-2567.2001.01337.x\n10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.11.004\n10.1038/srep08718\n10.1074/jbc.M109.041962\n10.1038/s41392-022-00932-0\n10.1080/13880209.2020.1748661\n10.1128/AAC.01361-18\n10.12659/MSM.906049\n10.1007/s00262-008-0458-9\n10.1371/journal.pone.0072331\n10.3390/ijms25042444\n10.4110/in.2019.19.e36\n10.1016/j.fct.2012.05.051\n10.1007/s12272-009-1518-1\n10.1155/2018/4273107\n10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109332",
    "journal": "International journal of molecular sciences",
    "keywords": [
        "B cells",
        "ingenol-3-angelate",
        "mesenchymal stem cells",
        "systemic lupus erythematosus"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2024-12-17",
    "pubmed_id": "39684336\n38390327\n38867277\n31796213\n38920310\n37248103\n36830980\n28117437\n23868869\n22542159\n18029377\n16141348\n25339674\n31367246\n25036865\n16123384\n32929342\n30348839\n31687031\n33453634\n35902956\n35255957\n32800897\n32380062\n37844209\n33317598\n33495946\n33115604\n26386558\n31557396\n38003458\n31321404\n32215018\n32129959\n28270072\n24332494\n11899425\n27979606\n25732721\n20472553\n35314676\n32356467\n30104276\n29368698\n18265980\n23991094\n38397121\n31720047\n22687552\n19471894\n30057623\n36274485",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Ingenol-3-Angelate Enhances the B Cell Inhibitory Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Leading to Marked Alleviation of Lupus Symptoms in MRL.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x7885058b3920>"
}