{
    "abstract": "Introduction For post-traumatic knee arthritis with retained implants, performing conventional primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can be challenging due to altered bony structures or mechanical obstructions. Without current computer-aided navigation, we can still perform conventional TKA by extramedullary means according to the parallelism and the reference to inherent anatomical landmarks. In this study, we aim to present a novel extramedullary method applied during conventional total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and the clinical outcomes observed in our series. Methods Between April 2014 and March 2021, patients with post-traumatic knee arthritis and retained hardware scheduled for TKAs at our institute were included. All the index procedures were performed with primary cemented TKA prostheses by the same surgeon. After the proximal tibial cut perpendicular to the tibial shaft, the following distal femur cut was executed according to the parallelism between these cuts. Certain interfering hardware located on the metaphyseal area, like screws or staples, were removed as needed. In addition, most of the conventional principles and techniques in traditional knee replacement were followed. Clinical outcomes, including perioperative blood loss, transfusion rate, inpatient stay, knee functional score, and radiographic evaluation, were recorded and reviewed. Results Within a period of eight years, there were 12 patients with a mean age of 67.8 years old enrolled. Overall, there was a good restoration of optimal mechanical alignment after surgery, and the mean hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle was 180.2",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Orthopedics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TWN.\nJoint Reconstruction Center, Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, TWN.\nOrthopedic Surgery, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, TWN.",
            "firstname": "Chih-Wei",
            "initials": "CW",
            "lastname": "Chang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Orthopedic Surgery, Pingtung Veterans General Hospital, Pingtung, TWN.\nInstitute of Biomedical Science, National Sun-Yat Sen University, Kaohsiung, TWN.",
            "firstname": "Yu-Kai",
            "initials": "YK",
            "lastname": "Tseng"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Physical Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, TWN.",
            "firstname": "Yen-Nien",
            "initials": "YN",
            "lastname": "Chen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Orthopedic Surgery, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, TWN.\nOrthopedics, Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, TWN.",
            "firstname": "Chyun-Yu",
            "initials": "CY",
            "lastname": "Yang"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2025, Chang et al.",
    "doi": "10.7759/cureus.79402",
    "journal": "Cureus",
    "keywords": [
        "conversion total knee arthroplasty",
        "extramedullary",
        "knee arthroplasty",
        "post-traumatic knee arthritis",
        "retained hardware",
        "techniques"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-02-25",
    "pubmed_id": "39995591\n12730923\n12424033\n27672572\n30824294\n22795724\n25795233\n9741452\n23026250\n29576643\n29506932\n22974667\n7497664\n22980931\n25002380\n27474511\n29430491\n26526636\n32694028\n28583144\n16230232\n22956239\n21369482\n22252414\n16801034\n11386099\n36727914\n32693822\n7994952\n17272435",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Utilizing Evolved Extramedullary Techniques for Conventional Knee Arthroplasty in Post-traumatic Knee Arthritis With Retained Hardware: A Retrospective Analysis.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788505c902c0>"
}