{
    "abstract": "All severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections are characterized by a high risk of disease progression towards ARDS, leading to a bad outcome. Respiratory symptoms in COVID-19 patients often do not correspond to disease's worsening. In our sample, median age was 74 years (72-75) and 54% were men. The median period of hospitalization was 9 days. Firstly, we observed a significant asynchronous trend of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in 764 selected among 963 patients, who were consecutively recruited in two hospitals (Cannizzaro, S. Marco) in Catania, Italy. NLR values in deceased patients showed an increase from baseline over time. By contrast, CRP tended to fall from baseline to median day of hospitalization in all three subgroups, but steeply increased at the end of hospitalization only in ICU-admitted patients. Then, we evaluated the relationships between NLR and CRP as continuous variables with PaO",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.\nAcademic Unit of Internal Medicine, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Matteo",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Regolo"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, \"G. D'Alessandro\" (PROMISE), Unit of Nephrology and Hypertension, European Society of Hypertension Excellence Centre, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Alessandra",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Sorce"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Emergency Medicine, San Marco-Polyclinic Academic Hospital, 95121 Catania, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Mauro",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Vaccaro"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.\nAcademic Unit of Internal Medicine, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Michele",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Colaci"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Unit of Internal Medicine, San Marco-Polyclinic Academic Hospital, 95121 Catania, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Benedetta",
            "initials": "B",
            "lastname": "Stancanelli"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Academic Unit of Internal Medicine, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Giuseppe",
            "initials": "G",
            "lastname": "Natoli"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.\nAcademic Unit of Internal Medicine, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Massimo",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Motta"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Ivan",
            "initials": "I",
            "lastname": "Isaia"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Federica",
            "initials": "F",
            "lastname": "Castelletti"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Academic Unit of Internal Medicine, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Federica",
            "initials": "F",
            "lastname": "Giangreco"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Emergency Medicine, San Marco-Polyclinic Academic Hospital, 95121 Catania, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Daniela",
            "initials": "D",
            "lastname": "Fichera"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.\nAcademic Unit of Internal Medicine, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Paola",
            "initials": "P",
            "lastname": "Aparo"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.\nAcademic Unit of Internal Medicine, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Alessandra",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Lanzafame"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Academic Unit of Internal Medicine, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Mario",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Russo"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Academic Unit of Internal Medicine, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Nicola",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Santangelo"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Emergency Medicine, San Marco-Polyclinic Academic Hospital, 95121 Catania, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Paola",
            "initials": "P",
            "lastname": "Noto"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.\nAcademic Unit of Internal Medicine, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Lorenzo",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "Malatino"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": "10.3390/jcm12124057\n10.1007/s00508-020-01760-4\n10.1002/jmv.25884\n10.1038/s41379-021-00814-w\n10.1001/jama.2012.5669\n10.1007/s00134-020-06033-2\n10.1002/jmv.26232\n10.1038/s41577-020-0305-6\n10.1038/s41392-021-00679-0\n10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X\n10.1017/S095026882000179X\n10.1007/s15010-020-01509-1\n10.1016/S0736-4679(99)00135-3\n10.4149/BLL_2021_078\n10.3390/jcm11082235\n10.1007/s11739-021-02840-7\n10.1001/jama.2020.6825\n10.1097/HJH.0000000000002508\n10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.320460\n10.1172/JCI200318921\n10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.08.009\n10.1016/S0140-6736(96)07591-5\n10.1056/NEJMoa021993\n10.3389/fimmu.2018.00754\n10.1016/S0162-3109(99)00007-7\n10.1161/01.CIR.0000019584.04929.83\n10.5937/jomb0-27554\n10.1080/22221751.2020.1770129\n10.3390/biology12020177\n10.1016/j.chom.2021.05.004\n10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3\n10.1038/s41591-020-1051-9\n10.1134/S0006297920100065\n10.3390/ijms24076690\n10.4049/jimmunol.169.8.4288\n10.1038/s41368-020-0074-x\n10.1080/07391102.2020.1822208\n10.1038/s41392-020-0148-4\n10.1093/cid/ciaa248\n10.4049/jimmunol.134.1.230\n10.4049/jimmunol.139.7.2406\n10.1111/jgs.14894\n10.1183/16000617.0113-2017\n10.3389/fimmu.2021.639735\n10.1186/s12916-020-01817-1\n10.1586/14779072.2016.1154788\n10.3390/ijms23073636\n10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106504\n10.1016/j.cca.2020.06.012\n10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.008\n10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100144\n10.1038/s41598-022-08026-1\n10.1186/s13613-021-00908-3\n10.1080/11101849.2021.2024985",
    "journal": "Journal of clinical medicine",
    "keywords": [
        "COVID-19",
        "CRP",
        "ICU",
        "NLR",
        "P/F",
        "SARS-CoV-2",
        "biomarkers",
        "immune system",
        "inflammation",
        "lung failure",
        "lymphocytes",
        "neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio",
        "neutrophils"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2023-06-28",
    "pubmed_id": "37373750\n33242148\n32293716\n34031537\n22797452\n32291463\n32592501\n32249847\n34234112\n32085846\n32782035\n32860214\n10595891\n34161115\n35456328\n34637082\n32329799\n32649623\n35345906\n12813013\n32919977\n9040576\n12432042\n29706967\n10408362\n12081998\n33312067\n32475230\n36829456\n34022154\n32171076\n32839624\n33202203\n37047662\n12370360\n32094336\n32936048\n32296069\n32161940\n3871101\n2821114\n28407209\n29436405\n33796105\n33213430\n26878164\n35408994\n32304994\n32531257\n32425269\n33163981\n35277562\n34370116",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Assessing Humoral Immuno-Inflammatory Pathways Associated with Respiratory Failure in COVID-19 Patients.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x78850250dc10>"
}