{
    "abstract": "The immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial to the patient outcome. IL-18 is involved in the lymphocyte response to the disease and it is well established its important role in the complex developing of the host response to viral infection. This study aims at the analysis of the concentrations of IL-18, IL-18BP, INF-\u03b3 at the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The serum levels of measured interleukins were obtained through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, the free fraction of IL-18 was numerically evaluated. The enrolled patients were divided in two severity groups according to a threshold value of 300 for the ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen and fraction of inspired oxygen fraction and according to the parenchymal involvement as evaluated by computerized tomography at the admittance. In the group of patients with a more severe disease, a significant increase of the IL-18, INF-\u03b3 and IL-18BP levels have been observed, whereas the free IL-18 component values were almost constant. The results confirm that, at the onset of the disease, the host response keep the inflammatory cytokines in an equilibrium and support the hypothesis to adopt the IL-18BP modulation as a possible and effective therapeutic approach.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Emergency-Acceptance, Critical Areas and Trauma, Policlinico \"Umberto I\", 00161, Rome, Italy. luca.marino@uniroma1.it.\nDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, \"Sapienza\" University of Rome, 00168, Rome, Italy. luca.marino@uniroma1.it.",
            "firstname": "Luca",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "Marino"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Anna",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Criniti"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Sofia",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Guida"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties \"Paride Stefanini\", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Tommaso",
            "initials": "T",
            "lastname": "Bucci"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Radiology, Anatomo-Pathology and Oncology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Laura",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "Ballesio"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Emergency-Acceptance, Critical Areas and Trauma, Policlinico \"Umberto I\", 00161, Rome, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Marianna",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Suppa"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties \"Paride Stefanini\", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Gioacchino",
            "initials": "G",
            "lastname": "Galardo"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Alessandra",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Vacca"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Maria",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Santulli"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Antonio",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Angeloni"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Carla",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Lubrano"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Orietta",
            "initials": "O",
            "lastname": "Gandini"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2022. The Author(s).",
    "doi": "10.1007/s10238-022-00943-9\n10.1038/s41577-020-0331-4\n10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.037\n10.1002/art.41285\n10.3390/cells10071761\n10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102573\n10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.006\n10.1016/j.jinf.2020.12.014\n10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.017\n10.3390/diagnostics12010176\n10.1111/ijcp.14426\n10.3390/v12121433\n10.1371/journal.ppat.1005973\n10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155302\n10.3389/fimmu.2021.613422\n10.1007/s12026-020-09145-5\n10.3389/fimmu.2013.00289\n10.1006/cyto.2001.0914\n10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155781\n10.1128/CVI.00147-15\n10.1182/blood-2005-05-1980\n10.1002/jcp.30008\n10.18388/abp.2015_1153\n10.1007/s00330-020-07033-y",
    "journal": "Clinical and experimental medicine",
    "keywords": [
        "INF-\u03b3",
        "Interleukin-18",
        "Interleukin-18 binding protein",
        "P/F ratio",
        "Pneumonia",
        "Sars-CoV-2",
        "Severe acute respiratory syndrome",
        "Tomography X-ray computed"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2022-11-18",
    "pubmed_id": "36385417\n32376901\n32283152\n32293098\n34359931\n32387470\n32946917\n33358763\n33131699\n35054342\n34076933\n33322160\n27977798\n33002740\n33679753\n32681497\n24115947\n11497494\n34923222\n33122671\n25878254\n21126942\n16020503\n32794180\n29472362\n27616144\n26885772\n32623505",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Interleukin 18 and IL-18 BP response to Sars-CoV-2 virus infection.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788502fea700>"
}