{
    "abstract": "Haemonchus contortus, a blood-sucking parasite of small ruminants, produces very important economic losses in the productive sector. This abomasum parasite has become resistant to most commercial drugs worldwide, and alternatives to fight this problem are urgently needed. Essential oils (EO) are a complex mixture of volatile secondary metabolites, composed mainly by terpenoids and phenolic compounds, from plants that have several pharmacological properties, including anthelmintic activity. Particularly, citrus peel is a source of cold-pressed EO, where limonene is its major component, and can be used as an additional food component for ruminants. The aim of the present work was to determine the in vitro anthelmintic activity of EO from Citrus bergamia (EOB), C. x paradisii (EOG) and limonene against the benzimidazole-susceptible Kirby isolate of H. contortus, using the egg hatch test (EHT) and the exsheathed third stage larval motility test (XLMT) using a WMicroTracker equipment. Albendazole (ABZ) and monepantel (MON) were used as positive controls. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Parana, UFPR. Rua dos Funcion\u00e1rios 1540. CEP 80.035-050, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.",
            "firstname": "Vivien Patricia",
            "initials": "VP",
            "lastname": "Garbin"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Pharmacology. CIENFAR, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Udelar. Av. General Flores 2124. Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: munguia@fq.edu.uy.",
            "firstname": "Beatriz",
            "initials": "B",
            "lastname": "Mungu\u00eda"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Pharmacology. CIENFAR, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Udelar. Av. General Flores 2124. Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: jennysal@fq.edu.uy.",
            "firstname": "Jenny Carolina",
            "initials": "JC",
            "lastname": "Salda\u00f1a"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Phytotechny and Phytosanity, Federal University of Parana, UFPR. Rua dos Funcion\u00e1rios 1540. CEP: 80.035-050. Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: cicero@ufpr.br.",
            "firstname": "C\u00edcero",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Deschamps"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Phytotechny and Phytosanity, Federal University of Parana, UFPR. Rua dos Funcion\u00e1rios 1540. CEP: 80.035-050. Curitiba, PR, Brazil.",
            "firstname": "Roger Raupp",
            "initials": "RR",
            "lastname": "Cipriano"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Parana, UFPR. Rua dos Funcion\u00e1rios 1540. CEP 80.035-050, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: molento@ufpr.br.",
            "firstname": "Marcelo Beltr\u00e3o",
            "initials": "MB",
            "lastname": "Molento"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105869",
    "journal": "Acta tropica",
    "keywords": [
        "Bergamot",
        "Essential oil",
        "Grapefruit",
        "Haemonchus contortus",
        "Limonene",
        "Plant-based therapy"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2021-02-26",
    "pubmed_id": "33631121",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Chemical characterization and in vitro anthelmintic activity of Citrus bergamia Risso and Citrus X paradisii Macfad essential oil against Haemonchus contortus Kirby isolate.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x78850372da30>"
}