{
    "abstract": "There is a female predominance of diagnosed coeliac disease with sex-related differences in clinical presentation. Delayed menarche, infertility and pregnancy complications have been linked to poor nutritional status and autoimmune mechanisms, but women's health data in coeliac disease are scant and contradictory.\nTo describe rates of women's health disorders in US patients with coeliac disease.\nWe used TriNetX, a database of 80 healthcare organisations, for a retrospective observational analysis. Coeliac disease was identified using ICD-10 code (K90.0) and positive coeliac serology. Women aged 10-60\u2009years with coeliac disease were compared to ambulatory women without a diagnosis of coeliac disease or positive coeliac serology. We divided women into age groups matched by propensity score.\nWe identified >\u200925,000,000 outpatient women without coeliac disease, and 9368 with coeliac disease. Patients with coeliac disease were younger (mean 25 vs. 28.5\u2009years) and had lower mean BMI (24.6 vs. 26.1). Women with coeliac disease had higher odds of later women's health conditions including absent/rare menstruation (4.6% vs. 2.0%; OR 2.34), infertility (1.4% vs. 0.9%; OR 1.69), polycystic ovarian syndrome (3.3% vs. 1.0%; OR 3.2), menopausal disorders (4.3% vs. 1.56%; OR 285) and primary ovarian failure (0.96% vs. 0.16%; OR 6.25).\nWomen with coeliac disease have higher frequencies of subsequent women's health disorders related to ovarian function, menstruation, fertility and menopause. Clinicians should be aware of these associations to detect women's health disorders during longitudinal coeliac care and promptly refer for a multidisciplinary approach with obstetrics and gynaecology.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Hospital Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.",
            "firstname": "Rama",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Nanah"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.",
            "firstname": "Claire",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Jansson-Knodell"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.",
            "firstname": "Arjun",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Chatterjee"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.",
            "firstname": "Robana",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Nanah"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Hospital Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.",
            "firstname": "M Housam",
            "initials": "MH",
            "lastname": "Nanah"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.",
            "firstname": "Jehad",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Almasri"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Gastroenterology, MetroHealth, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.",
            "firstname": "Andrew",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Ford"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Hospital Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.",
            "firstname": "Osama",
            "initials": "O",
            "lastname": "Hamid"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.",
            "firstname": "Ahmed",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Telbany"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.",
            "firstname": "Alberto",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Rubio-Tapia"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.",
    "doi": "10.1111/apt.70053\n10.3390/nu14153192\n10.1016/j.cgh.2018.11.013\n10.2217/whe.10.57\n10.1007/s10620-017-4835-0\n10.1016/j.cgh.2017.06.037\n10.3390/jcm11010258\n10.3390/nu10070800\n10.1093/humupd/dmu007\n10.1002/rmb2.12374\n10.1007/s10620-024-08487-6\n10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325930\n10.1097/00004836-199002000-00010\n10.3109/00365528209181045\n10.1590/S0004-2803.202000000-18\n10.1177/0300060518812623\n10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.04.053\n10.1080/00365521.2024.2311849\n10.1093/humrep/der263\n10.1155/2014/236821\n10.26574/maedica.2020.16.3.516\n10.1016/s0020-7292(02)00241-2\n10.4149/bll_2014_004\n10.1097/gme.0b013e3182188421\n10.1093/humupd/8.1.60\n10.1093/humrep/17.10.2715\n10.1590/s0104-42302010000100022\n10.1007/s00404-013-2928-3\n10.1023/b:ddas.0000004530.11738.a2\n10.1038/ajg.2012.219\n10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.10.012\n10.1097/01.mcg.0000131720.90598.6a\n10.1007/BF03346387\n10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.07.1060",
    "journal": "Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics",
    "keywords": [
        "coeliac disease",
        "gluten enteropathy",
        "women's health"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-02-27",
    "pubmed_id": "40013754\n35956368\n30448593\n20887172\n29127609\n29551598\n35011999\n29933630\n24619876\n33850456\n27792715\n38816598\n34764191\n2303686\n7134839\n32294744\n30477370\n21682114\n17662282\n38314771\n21840904\n24804204\n34925611\n12427401\n24471897\n21646922\n11866241\n12351553\n20339793\n23775266\n14705832\n22850429\n28017411\n15232359\n18560261\n23334113\n20797713",
    "results": "We identified >\u200925,000,000 outpatient women without coeliac disease, and 9368 with coeliac disease. Patients with coeliac disease were younger (mean 25 vs. 28.5\u2009years) and had lower mean BMI (24.6 vs. 26.1). Women with coeliac disease had higher odds of later women's health conditions including absent/rare menstruation (4.6% vs. 2.0%; OR 2.34), infertility (1.4% vs. 0.9%; OR 1.69), polycystic ovarian syndrome (3.3% vs. 1.0%; OR 3.2), menopausal disorders (4.3% vs. 1.56%; OR 285) and primary ovarian failure (0.96% vs. 0.16%; OR 6.25).",
    "title": "Women's Health Disorders in a Coeliac Disease Population After Diagnosis-A Nationwide Cohort Analysis.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x7885062f1d50>"
}