{
    "abstract": "This chapter focuses on currently underappreciated aspects of the maternal circulation: blood pressure phenotypes, venous hemodynamics, intra-abdominal pressure, and body water homeostasis. Based on the hemodynamic balance between cardiac output and total peripheral resistance, flow-dominant and resistance-dominant phenotypes of normotension and hypertension exist, with different impacts on gestational outcome. Cardiac diastolic function and venous hemodynamics play a prominent role in gestational changes in cardiac output. An increase in intra-abdominal pressure during pregnancy interferes with body water volume homeostasis, similar to syndromes of multi-organ dysfunctions in non-pregnant individuals. Today, non-invasive maternal hemodynamics assessment allows for obtaining important information on these ignored circulatory functions in addition to conventional sphygmomanometric blood pressure measurement. This offers perspectives to improve current strategies for screening, diagnosis, and management of gestational hypertension disorders, a path, however, to be paved first by intensified multifaceted and multidisciplinary research.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Limburg Clinical Research Center, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, 3600, Genk, Belgium. Electronic address: wilfried.gyselaers@zol.be.",
            "firstname": "Wilfried",
            "initials": "W",
            "lastname": "Gyselaers"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Limburg Clinical Research Center, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Future Health, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, 3600, Genk, Belgium. Electronic address: pauline.dreesen@uhasselt.be.",
            "firstname": "Pauline",
            "initials": "P",
            "lastname": "Dreesen"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2025.102595",
    "journal": "Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology",
    "keywords": [
        "Cardiac output",
        "Fetal growth restriction",
        "Maternal hemodynamics",
        "Pre-eclampsia",
        "Total peripheral resistance",
        "Venous hemodynamics"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-03-21",
    "pubmed_id": "40112759",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Maternal hemodynamics assessment: Key to unlocking ignored functionalities of the female circulation.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788506f34040>"
}