{
    "abstract": "Fungal infections are becoming an escalating public health challenge, particularly among immunocompromised individuals. The partially limited efficacy of current antifungal treatments, their potential adverse effects, and the increasing problem of resistance emphasize the need for new treatment options. Existing antifungal classes-allylamines, azoles, echinocandins, polyenes, and pyrimidine analogs-face challenges due to their similarity with human cells and rising resistance. New antifungal agents, such as ibrexafungerp, rezafungin, oteseconazole, and miltefosine, offer novel mechanisms of action along with reduced toxicity. While antifungal resistance is a growing global concern, fungal infections in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) present specific challenges with high rates of opportunistic infections like cryptococcosis and endemic mycoses such as histoplasmosis. The World Health Organization's fungal priority pathogens list highlights the prevalence of these infections in LMICs, where limited access to antifungal drugs and misuse are common. This review provides a comprehensive overview of these new agents and their mechanisms, and explores the challenges and roles of antifungal drugs in LMICs, where the burden of fungal infections is high. Continued research and development are essential to address the rising incidence and resistance of fungal infections globally.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Translational Medical Mycology Research Unit, ECMM Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. Electronic address: stella.wolfgruber@medunigraz.at.",
            "firstname": "Stella",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Wolfgruber"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany.",
            "firstname": "Jon",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Salmanton-Garc\u00eda"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.",
            "firstname": "Marius Paulin Ngouanom",
            "initials": "MPN",
            "lastname": "Kuate"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Translational Medical Mycology Research Unit, ECMM Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria. Electronic address: hoeniglmartin@gmail.com.",
            "firstname": "Martin",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Hoenigl"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Dermatological Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, San Lorenzo, Paraguay.",
            "firstname": "Jose Guillermo Pereira",
            "initials": "JGP",
            "lastname": "Brunelli"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2025 The Authors. Publicado por Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U. All rights reserved.",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.riam.2024.11.001",
    "journal": "Revista iberoamericana de micologia",
    "keywords": [
        "ATI2307",
        "Fosmanogepix",
        "GR2397",
        "Ibrexafungerp",
        "LMIC",
        "Low- and middle-income countries",
        "MAT2203",
        "Miltefosina",
        "Miltefosine",
        "NP339",
        "Novel antifungals",
        "Nuevos antif\u00fangicos",
        "Olorofim",
        "Opelconazol",
        "Opelconazole",
        "PRMB",
        "Pa\u00edses de renta media y baja",
        "Rezafungin",
        "Rezafungina"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-03-03",
    "pubmed_id": "40023755",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Antifungal pipeline: New tools for the treatment of mycoses.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x78850355b3d0>"
}