{
    "abstract": "Epidemiological data on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in Chinese adolescents are limited. This study reported the prevalence and associated factors of PMS in a large sample of Chinese adolescents. A total of 5099 adolescent girls who had menarche participated in the baseline survey of Shandong Adolescent Behavior and Health Cohort study in Shandong, China. A self-administered questionnaire was used to ask about PMS, age at menarche, menstrual cycle interval, menstrual flow length, menstrual regularity, period pain, body weight and height, trait anger, stressful life events, and demographics. The mean age of the sample was 15.19\u00a0years (SD\u2009=\u20091.32). The overall prevalence of PMS was 24.6%. The prevalence rates of PMS-anxiety, PMS-water retention, PMS-craving, and PMS-depression were 18.9%, 4.0%, 7.9%, and 11.5%, respectively. The most common symptoms were premenstrual irritability (54%) and fatigue (52.5%). Stepwise logistic regression showed that high levels of life stress (OR 2.26), high levels of trait anger (OR 4.65), alcohol consumption (OR 1.28), menstrual cycle interval \u2264\u200924\u00a0days (OR 1.45), and mild (OR 1.50), moderate (OR 2.57) or severe period pain (OR 4.84) were all significantly associated with increased likelihood of PMS. In conclusion, approximately 1 in 4 Chinese adolescent girls suffered from PMS. Multiple psychosocial and menstrual factors were associated with PMS. Further research is needed to understand developmental changes of PMS and its long-term impacts on psychosocial wellbeing in Chinese adolescent girls.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. kelinresearch6@gmail.com.\nDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, China. kelinresearch6@gmail.com.",
            "firstname": "Xianchen",
            "initials": "X",
            "lastname": "Liu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.",
            "firstname": "Zhen-Zhen",
            "initials": "ZZ",
            "lastname": "Liu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.",
            "firstname": "Yanyun",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Yang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, China.",
            "firstname": "Cun-Xian",
            "initials": "CX",
            "lastname": "Jia"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.",
    "doi": "10.1007/s10578-023-01624-8\n10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596\n10.1258/mi.2012.012013\n10.1089/jwh.2016.5921\n10.3389/fpubh.2021.596128\n10.1007/s00737-022-01261-5\n10.7860/JCDR/2014/8024.4021\n10.1016/j.jpag.2006.10.007\n10.1016/S1054-139X(97)00206-1\n10.1007/s00127-012-0509-6\n10.1093/humupd/dmg038\n10.1196/annals.1429.022\n10.34172/hpp.2021.20\n10.1186/s12905-022-01929-1\n10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01505.x\n10.1016/s0306-4530(03)00098-2\n10.1016/j.cppeds.2022.101187\n10.1007/s00737-010-0202-2\n10.1007/s00737-010-0165-3\n10.1016/j.jpag.2006.06.015\n10.3109/01612849609009402\n10.12669/pjms.35.2.232\n10.2147/IJWH.S361964\n10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.1256\n10.3390/ijerph20010569\n10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.01.017\n10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1133706\n10.1038/s41366-018-0129-7\n10.3390/children9101474\n10.1017/S2045796017000488\n10.1016/j.sleep.2018.02.012\n10.1007/s00127-022-02224-y\n10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.010\n10.1016/j.psychres.2015.10.003\n10.1016/j.jacc.2008.11.044\n10.1016/j.jad.2019.02.047\n10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.002\n10.1007/s00127-021-02085-x\n10.1002/1097-4679(200012)56:12<1565::AID-7>3.0.CO;2-U\n10.1186/s13030-019-0167-y\n10.1186/s12905-023-02600-z\n10.1007/s13224-021-01606-7\n10.1186/s12889-023-15950-y",
    "journal": "Child psychiatry and human development",
    "keywords": [
        "Adolescence",
        "Anger",
        "Life stress",
        "Menarche",
        "Menstruation",
        "Premenstrual symptoms"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2023-11-15",
    "pubmed_id": "37964097\n22611221\n33968873\n36018464\n17289510\n9502014\n22538387\n14640381\n18574205\n34195039\n35964024\n21518133\n12892987\n35534402\n21271266\n20449618\n17174829\n8920332\n31086543\n35726296\n35258576\n36612891\n22377229\n37342640\n36291410\n29022520\n29773215\n35064282\n29024902\n6684167\n26454404\n19281923\n30822663\n36372126\n33861354\n11132571\n31695730\n37641079\n35928060\n37254077",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Prevalence and Associated Factors of Premenstrual Syndrome in Chinese Adolescent Girls.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788506451940>"
}