{
    "abstract": "Hypertension in pregnancy contributes substantially to maternal morbidity and mortality, persistent hypertension, and rehospitalization. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are also associated with a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease, and timely recognition and modification of associated risk factors is crucial in optimizing long-term maternal health. During pregnancy, there are expected physiologic alterations in blood pressure (BP); however, pathophysiologic alterations may also occur, leading to preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. The diagnosis and effective management of hypertension during pregnancy is essential to mitigate maternal risks, such as acute kidney injury, stroke, and heart failure, while balancing potential fetal risks, such as growth restriction and preterm birth due to altered uteroplacental perfusion. In the postpartum period, innovative and multidisciplinary care solutions that include postpartum maternal health clinics can help optimize short- and long-term care through enhanced BP management, screening of cardiovascular risk factors, and discussion of lifestyle modifications for cardiovascular disease prevention. As an adjunct to or distinct from postpartum clinics, home BP monitoring programs have been shown to improve BP ascertainment across diverse populations and to lower BP in the months after delivery. Because of concerns about pregnant patients being a vulnerable population for research, there is little evidence from trials examining the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in pregnant and postpartum individuals. As a result, national and international guidelines differ in their recommendations, and more studies are needed to bolster future guidelines and establish best practices to achieve optimal cardiovascular health during and after pregnancy. Future research should focus on refining treatment thresholds and optimal BP range peripartum and postpartum and evaluating interventions to improve postpartum and long-term maternal cardiovascular outcomes that would advance evidence-based care and improve outcomes worldwide for people with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (M.C.), PA.",
            "firstname": "Malamo",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Countouris"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University in St Louis, MO (Z.M., K.E.W.).",
            "firstname": "Zainab",
            "initials": "Z",
            "lastname": "Mahmoud"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.B.C.).\nDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.B.C.).",
            "firstname": "Jordana B",
            "initials": "JB",
            "lastname": "Cohen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Medicineand Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa General Hospital Heart and Vascular Institute (D.C.).",
            "firstname": "Daniela",
            "initials": "D",
            "lastname": "Crousillat"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "University of Pittsburgh (A.H.), PA.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Medicine, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine & Cardiology, University of California, Irvine (A.B.H.).\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine (A.H.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.",
            "firstname": "Afshan B",
            "initials": "AB",
            "lastname": "Hameed"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Women's Heart Health Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.M.H., M.C.H., A.S.).",
            "firstname": "Colleen M",
            "initials": "CM",
            "lastname": "Harrington"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Alisse",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Hauspurg"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Women's Heart Health Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.M.H., M.C.H., A.S.).",
            "firstname": "Michael C",
            "initials": "MC",
            "lastname": "Honigberg"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Jennifer",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Lewey"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (K.L.).",
            "firstname": "Kathryn",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Lindley"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (M.M.M.).",
            "firstname": "Megan M",
            "initials": "MM",
            "lastname": "McLaughlin"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "American Medical Association, Chicago, IL (N.S.).",
            "firstname": "Neha",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Sachdev"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Women's Heart Health Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.M.H., M.C.H., A.S.).",
            "firstname": "Amy",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Sarma"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Brown University Health Cardiovascular Institute (K.S.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.",
            "firstname": "Kayle",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Shapero"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Women's Reproductive Health (R.S., A.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S., A.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham.",
            "firstname": "Rachel",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Sinkey"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Women's Reproductive Health (R.S., A.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S., A.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham.",
            "firstname": "Alan",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Tita"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University in St Louis, MO (Z.M., K.E.W.).",
            "firstname": "Kristen E",
            "initials": "KE",
            "lastname": "Wong"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (E.Y.).",
            "firstname": "Eugene",
            "initials": "E",
            "lastname": "Yang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Vascular Thoracic Institute at the Cleveland Clinic, OH (L.C.).",
            "firstname": "Leslie",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "Cho"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (N.A.B.).\nAtria Institute, New York, NY (N.A.B.).",
            "firstname": "Natalie A",
            "initials": "NA",
            "lastname": "Bello"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": null,
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    "journal": "Circulation",
    "keywords": [
        "blood pressure",
        "hypertension",
        "postpartum period",
        "pre-eclampsia",
        "pregnancy",
        "telemedicine"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-02-17",
    "pubmed_id": "39960983\n36883452\n30277556\n36987390\n36528834\n35206939\n14576246\n25629739\n35363951\n24013055\n39429201\n31071074\n33832604\n17975258\n28228456\n31175138\n37212139\n38346104\n10948070\n33905424\n36638267\n11139529\n21613576\n4355997\n37168845\n34894998\n32755413\n31255629\n37435795\n38460322\n35044418\n37248299\n38170504\n21963308\n32143061\n18293207\n29437895\n30575676\n32443077\n29133354\n29731014\n26412014\n35066406\n30165516\n25692529\n37434338\n35361052\n38949541\n30277556\n6121965\n36075068\n33550824\n37075131\n33832608\n26061848\n35710594\n34905954\n33787907\n38569509\n36241079\n37769314\n20824833\n29967037\n37950907\n28444286\n29939940\n28657417\n27640943\n31589866\n34689595\n38923439\n30361886\n35503346\n28926573\n31730171\n37311173\n37486653\n37950919\n34470135\n33351087\n29215510\n23633317\n24104783\n29703800\n30827125\n37140147\n29229741\n30371272\n32567342\n30134408\n36882097\n31257555\n36479373\n34619718\n28383374\n32282598\n30825917\n36269782\n35121193\n38823570\n30192733\n16313217\n27467319\n28245088\n23487258\n3651732\n25582098\n28784417",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Hypertension in Pregnancy and Postpartum: Current Standards and Opportunities to Improve Care.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788503cee070>"
}