{
    "abstract": "Neonatal infections are a major public health concern worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where most of the infection-related deaths in under-five children occur. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest mortality rates, but there is a lack of data on the incidence of sepsis from this region, hindering efforts to improve child survival. We aimed to determine the incidence of possible serious bacterial infection (PSBI) in young infants in three high-burden countries in Africa.\nThis is a secondary analysis of data from the African Neonatal Sepsis (AFRINEST) trial, conducted in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Kenya, and Nigeria between 15 March 2012 and 15 July 2013. We recorded baseline characteristics, the incidence of PSBI (as defined by the World Health Organization), and the incidence of local infections among infants from 0-59 days after birth. We report descriptive statistics.\nThe incidence of PSBI among 0-59-day-old infants across all three countries was 11.2% (95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u200911.0-11.4). The DRC had the highest incidence of PSBI (19.0%; 95% CI\u2009=\u200918.2-19.8). Likewise, PSBI rates were higher in low birth weight infants (24.5%; 95% CI\u2009=\u200923.1-26.0) and infants born to mothers aged <20 years (14.1%; 95% CI\u2009=\u200913.4-14.8). The incidence of PSBI was higher among infants delivered at home (11.7%; 95% CI\u2009=\u200911.4-12.0).\nThe high burden of PSBI among young infants in DRC, Kenya, and Nigeria demonstrates the importance of addressing PSBI in improving child survival in sub-Saharan Africa to reach the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These data can support government authorities, policymakers, programme implementers, non-governmental organisations, and international partners in reducing preventable under-five deaths.\nAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12610000286044.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Kinshasa School of Public Health, Universit\u00e9 de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.\nSchool of Public Health, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.",
            "firstname": "Adrien",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Lokangaka"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.\nUniversity of South Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.",
            "firstname": "Manimaran",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Ramani"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.",
            "firstname": "Melissa",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Bauserman"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.",
            "firstname": "Jackie",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Patterson"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.\nPATH Organization, Seattle, Washington, USA.",
            "firstname": "Cyril",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Engmann"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Kinshasa School of Public Health, Universit\u00e9 de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.",
            "firstname": "Antoinette",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Tshefu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom.",
            "firstname": "Simons",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Cousens"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Newborn and Child Health Consultant, Geneva, Switzerland.",
            "firstname": "Shamim Ahmad",
            "initials": "SA",
            "lastname": "Qazi"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.",
            "firstname": "Adejumoke Idowu",
            "initials": "AI",
            "lastname": "Ayede"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.",
            "firstname": "Ebunoluwa A",
            "initials": "EA",
            "lastname": "Adejuyigbe"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya.",
            "firstname": "Fabian",
            "initials": "F",
            "lastname": "Esamai"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Paediatrics, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.",
            "firstname": "Robinson D",
            "initials": "RD",
            "lastname": "Wammanda"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.",
            "firstname": "Yasir Bin",
            "initials": "YB",
            "lastname": "Nisar"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Public Health, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.",
            "firstname": "Yves",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Coppieters"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2024 by the Journal of Global Health. All rights reserved.",
    "doi": "10.7189/jogh.14.04009\n10.1186/s41256-022-00257-z\n10.1038/s41390-023-02651-w\n10.1136/archdischild-2020-320217\n10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70804-7\n10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71881-X\n10.1097/INF.0b013e31819069e8\n10.1097/01.inf.0000157094.43609.17\n10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60106-3\n10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62284-4\n10.1097/INF.0b013e31829ff7d1\n10.1136/adc.2002.022863\n10.1186/s12978-016-0177-1\n10.1016/j.pedneo.2015.09.007\n10.1186/s12884-020-03361-5\n10.1371/journal.pmed.1000213\n10.1542/peds.2004-1441\n10.1186/s41043-018-0136-2\n10.1371/journal.pone.0268277\n10.29333/ejgm/114059\n10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30385-1\n10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62285-6\n10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70347-X\n10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30335-7\n10.1186/s12889-015-2330-0\n10.1371/journal.pone.0228718\n10.1371/journal.pone.0229248\n10.1371/journal.pone.0231490\n10.1093/pubmed/fdab409\n10.1371/journal.pone.0248720\n10.1371/journal.pone.0252700\n10.1371/journal.pone.0236355\n10.1371/journal.pone.0232675\n10.1371/journal.pone.0234212\n10.1371/journal.pone.0243724\n10.1371/journal.pone.0244192\n10.1371/journal.pone.0255210\n10.1371/journal.pone.0269524",
    "journal": "Journal of global health",
    "keywords": [],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2024-02-01",
    "pubmed_id": "38299777\n35854345\n37202529\n33483376\n24974250\n15794973\n19289979\n15818294\n18191685\n25842221\n23945572\n15846011\n27221099\n26750406\n33176718\n20231868\n15866863\n29523194\n35771738\n30361107\n25842223\n25841891\n27988146\n26419934\n32155155\n32287262\n32287286\n26447263\n35138390\n33784321\n34234352\n32833993\n32392209\n32497092\n33351810\n33544712\n34370744\n35696401",
    "results": "The incidence of PSBI among 0-59-day-old infants across all three countries was 11.2% (95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u200911.0-11.4). The DRC had the highest incidence of PSBI (19.0%; 95% CI\u2009=\u200918.2-19.8). Likewise, PSBI rates were higher in low birth weight infants (24.5%; 95% CI\u2009=\u200923.1-26.0) and infants born to mothers aged <20 years (14.1%; 95% CI\u2009=\u200913.4-14.8). The incidence of PSBI was higher among infants delivered at home (11.7%; 95% CI\u2009=\u200911.4-12.0).",
    "title": "Incidence of possible serious bacterial infection in young infants in the three high-burden countries of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, and Nigeria: A secondary analysis of a large, multi-country, multi-centre clinical trial.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788502944bd0>"
}