{
    "abstract": "Hemorrhagic stroke (HS) is a neurological disorder caused by the rupture of cerebral blood vessels, resulting in blood seeping into the brain parenchyma and causing varying degrees of neurological impairment, including intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Current treatment methods mainly include hematoma evacuation surgery and conservative treatment. However, these methods have limited efficacy in enhancing neurological function and prognosis. The current challenge in treating HS lies in inhibiting the occurrence and progression of secondary brain damage after bleeding, which is a key factor affecting the prognosis of HS patients. Studies have shown that medical gas therapy is gaining more attention and has demonstrated various levels of neuroprotective effects on central nervous system disorders, such as hyperbaric oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and other inhalable gas molecules. These medical gas molecules primarily improve brain tissue damage and neurological dysfunction by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and other processes. However, many of these medical gasses also possess neurotoxic properties. Therefore, the use of medical gases in HS deserves further exploration and research. In this review, we will elucidate the therapeutic effects and study the advances in medical gas molecules in HS.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Brain Injury, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.",
            "firstname": "Liang",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "Cao"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Brain Injury, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.",
            "firstname": "Chen",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Chen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.",
            "firstname": "Wenjun",
            "initials": "W",
            "lastname": "Pi"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Shunyi Maternal and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China.",
            "firstname": "Yi",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Zhang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.",
            "firstname": "Sara",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Xue"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address: vyong@ucalgary.ca.",
            "firstname": "Voon Wee",
            "initials": "VW",
            "lastname": "Yong"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Brain Injury, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. Electronic address: xuemengzhou@zzu.edu.cn.",
            "firstname": "Mengzhou",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Xue"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.niox.2025.03.002",
    "journal": "Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry",
    "keywords": [
        "Carbon monoxide",
        "Hemorrhagic stroke",
        "Hydrogen sulfide",
        "Hyperbaric oxygen",
        "Medical gas",
        "Nitric oxide"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-03-25",
    "pubmed_id": "40127886",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Exploring medical gas therapy in hemorrhagic stroke treatment: A narrative review.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788506c67ce0>"
}