{
    "abstract": "Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule produced by 3 different NO synthase (NOS) isoforms: Neural/brain NOS (nNOS/bNOS, type 1), endothelial NOS (eNOS, type 3) and inducible NOS (type 2). Type 1 and 3 NOS are constitutively expressed. NO can serve different purposes: As a vasoactive molecule, as a neurotransmitter or as an immunomodulator. It plays a key role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). Hypoxic episodes simulate the production of oxygen free radicals, leading to mitochondrial and phospholipid damage. Upon reperfusion, increased levels of oxygen trigger oxide synthases; whose products are associated with neuronal damage by promoting lipid peroxidation, nitrosylation and excitotoxicity. Molecular pathways in CIRI can be altered by NOS. Neuroprotective effects are observed with eNOS activity. While nNOS interplay is prone to endothelial inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Therefore, nNOS appears to be detrimental. The interaction between NO and other free radicals develops peroxynitrite; which is a cytotoxic agent. It plays a main role in the likelihood of hemorrhagic events by tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Peroxynitrite scavengers are currently being studied as potential targets to prevent hemorrhagic transformation in CIRI.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Research & Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Corporate Hospitals Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.\nDirection of Research and Education, Corporate Hospitals Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico. robana1112@gmail.com.",
            "firstname": "Roberto",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Anaya-Prado"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.\nDivision of Research and Education, Corporate Hospitals Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.",
            "firstname": "Abraham I",
            "initials": "AI",
            "lastname": "Canseco-Villegas"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Research and Education, Corporate Hospitals Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.\nDivision of Research, School of Medicine, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico.",
            "firstname": "Roberto",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Anaya-Fern\u00e1ndez"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Research and Education, Corporate Hospitals Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.\nDivision of Research, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Guadalajara, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.",
            "firstname": "Michelle Marie",
            "initials": "MM",
            "lastname": "Anaya-Fernandez"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Research, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Guadalajara, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.\nResearch & Education, Corporate Hospitals Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.",
            "firstname": "Miguel A",
            "initials": "MA",
            "lastname": "Guerrero-Palomera"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Research, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Guadalajara, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.\nResearch & Education, Corporate Hospitals Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.",
            "firstname": "Citlalli",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Guerrero-Palomera"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Research, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Guadalajara, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.\nDivision of Research, Corporate Hospitals Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.",
            "firstname": "Ivan F",
            "initials": "IF",
            "lastname": "Garcia-Ramirez"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Research, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Guadalajara, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.\nResearch & Education, Corporate Hospitals Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.",
            "firstname": "Daniel",
            "initials": "D",
            "lastname": "Gonzalez-Martinez"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Research, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Guadalajara, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.\nResearch & Education, Corporate Hospitals Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.",
            "firstname": "Consuelo Cecilia",
            "initials": "CC",
            "lastname": "Azcona-Ram\u00edrez"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Research & Education, Corporate Hospitals Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.",
            "firstname": "Claudia",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Garcia-Perez"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Research, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Guadalajara, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.\nResearch & Education, Corporate Hospitals Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.",
            "firstname": "Airim L",
            "initials": "AL",
            "lastname": "Lizarraga-Valencia"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Research, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Guadalajara, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.\nResearch & Education, Corporate Hospitals Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.",
            "firstname": "Aranza",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Hernandez-Zepeda"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Research and Education, Corporate Hospitals Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.\nDivision of Research, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Guadalajara, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.",
            "firstname": "Jacqueline F",
            "initials": "JF",
            "lastname": "Palomares-Covarrubias"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Research & Education, Corporate Hospitals Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.\nResearch, School of Medicine, UNIVA University, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.",
            "firstname": "Jorge Ha",
            "initials": "JH",
            "lastname": "Blackaller-Medina"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.\nDivision of Research and Education, Corporate Hospitals Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.",
            "firstname": "Jacqueline",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Soto-Hintze"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Research and Education, Corporate Hospitals Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.\nDivision of Research, School of Medicine, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico.",
            "firstname": "Mayra C",
            "initials": "MC",
            "lastname": "Velarde-Castillo"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Research, School of Medicine, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico.\nResearch & Education, Corporate Hospitals Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico.",
            "firstname": "Dayri A",
            "initials": "DA",
            "lastname": "Cruz-Melendrez"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "\u00a9The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.",
    "doi": "10.12998/wjcc.v13.i10.101647",
    "journal": "World journal of clinical cases",
    "keywords": [
        "Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury",
        "Nitric oxide",
        "Nitric oxide synthase",
        "Nitrosylation",
        "Reactive nitrogen species"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-04-07",
    "pubmed_id": "40191680\n15299043\n17222914\n12125704\n14661093\n19733481\n37293623\n20157789\n36852441\n37037094\n16115721\n19191157\n32407958\n32194375\n8784243\n20158465\n10524226\n19408167\n19298861\n37598463\n36552584\n18474258\n10926966\n21161630\n9616775\n31882337\n35457061\n26739964",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Role of nitric oxide in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury: A biomolecular overview.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788504a9d760>"
}