{
    "abstract": "recent studies have shown that around 30\u00a0% of men and 20\u00a0% of women at the age of 70 have a hearing loss, rates that rise to 55\u00a0% and 45\u00a0% respectively at the age of 80. Treatment options include hearing aids and cochlear implants. Cochlear implant surgery under local anesthesia (L.A.) is gaining popularity for its potential benefits. We analyzed the current literature comparing L.A. and general anesthesia (G.A.) surgery by assessing operation duration, post-operative observation time and length of hospital stay.\nThe study was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The search was performed on different database for articles published from 1984 to 2023. Comparative studies between cochlear implants in L.A. and G.A. with information on duration of surgery, length of hospital stay and time in postoperative care unit (PACU) were included.\nOf 65 articles identified, 5 studies were included, involving 634 patients. The studies showed that L.A. surgery had a shorter surgical time than G.A. (p\u00a0<\u00a00.0001). No significant differences were found in length of hospital stay (p\u00a0=\u00a00.14) or time in PACU (p\u00a0=\u00a00.08). The cost of anesthesia was significantly lower for L.A.\nThe LA procedure has become popular, especially among elderly patients. The LA procedure has a shorter operative time and lower costs, without significantly affecting hospitalisation or time in PACU. Our study highlighted the advantages of L.A. in cochlear implant surgery, also showing the relatively low costs of the procedure. Better post-operative management could bring further benefits for patients and reduce hospital costs.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Klinik und Poliklinik f\u00fcr Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: emilioavallone@gmail.com.",
            "firstname": "Avallone",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Emilio"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Klinik und Poliklinik f\u00fcr Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany.",
            "firstname": "Timm",
            "initials": "T",
            "lastname": "Max"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Klinik und Poliklinik f\u00fcr Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany.",
            "firstname": "Salcher",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Rolf"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "UOSD Audiologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Lilli",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "Giorgio"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Otolaryngology Department, Isola Tiberina, Gemelli Isola Hospital, Rome, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Pietro",
            "initials": "P",
            "lastname": "De Luca"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Audiology, Regional Centre for Cochlear Implants and ENT Diseases, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Viola",
            "initials": "V",
            "lastname": "Pasquale"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Ear, Nose, and Throat Unit, AORN \"Antonio Cardarelli\", Naples, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Ricciardiello",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Filippo"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Scarpa",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Alfonso"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.amjoto.2024.104462",
    "journal": "American journal of otolaryngology",
    "keywords": [
        "Cochlear implant",
        "General anesthesia",
        "Hearing loss",
        "Hospital stay",
        "Local anesthesia"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2024-08-09",
    "pubmed_id": "39116718",
    "results": "Of 65 articles identified, 5 studies were included, involving 634 patients. The studies showed that L.A. surgery had a shorter surgical time than G.A. (p\u00a0<\u00a00.0001). No significant differences were found in length of hospital stay (p\u00a0=\u00a00.14) or time in PACU (p\u00a0=\u00a00.08). The cost of anesthesia was significantly lower for L.A.",
    "title": "Local anesthesia vs. general anesthesia in cochlear implant surgery: Impact on surgical duration, postoperative recovery, costs and clinical insights. An extensive meta-analysis.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x7885046ca390>"
}