{
    "abstract": "In recent years, high-power microwave (HPM) technology has developed rapidly. However, the current research mainly focuses on how to improve its performance and its impact on electronic devices, and there has been relatively little research on its effects on organisms. In particular, the research on the biological effects of HPMs in the X-band is even more limited. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a study on the effects of HPMs in the X-band with a frequency of 9.375 GHz on mood, learning, and cognitive abilities, as well as the antioxidant defense system. Upon observation, it was noted that the mice in the exposed groups, when compared to the control group, did not display significant signs of depression or anxiety. Furthermore, their learning capabilities, memory retention, and cognitive functions remained intact and were not adversely affected. The results of oxidative-stress-related indicators in serum and brain tissue showed increased levels of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), reduced levels of protein carbonyl (PCO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and no significant changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS). In summary, acute exposure to 9.375 GHz HPM did not cause significant damage to the organisms, and the body could defend against the acute stress caused by HPMs through its own antioxidant system. This investigation provides substantial theoretical foundations and robust experimental evidence for establishing safety parameters and potential biomedical applications of microwave radiation within defined exposure limits.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.\nSchool of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.",
            "firstname": "Xinyu",
            "initials": "X",
            "lastname": "Wang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.",
            "firstname": "Xuelong",
            "initials": "X",
            "lastname": "Zhao"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.",
            "firstname": "Jing",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Xu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.",
            "firstname": "Menghua",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Li"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.",
            "firstname": "Bin",
            "initials": "B",
            "lastname": "Sun"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.",
            "firstname": "Anning",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Gao"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.",
            "firstname": "Lihui",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "Zhang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.",
            "firstname": "Shuang",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Wu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.",
            "firstname": "Xiaoman",
            "initials": "X",
            "lastname": "Liu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.",
            "firstname": "Dongfang",
            "initials": "D",
            "lastname": "Zou"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.",
            "firstname": "Zhihui",
            "initials": "Z",
            "lastname": "Li"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.",
            "firstname": "Guofu",
            "initials": "G",
            "lastname": "Dong"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.",
            "firstname": "Chenggang",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Zhang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.",
            "firstname": "Changzhen",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Wang"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": "10.3390/ijms26072871\n10.4062/biomolther.2018.152\n10.1186/s40779-017-0139-0\n10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148964\n10.1109/TPS.2011.2129536\n10.1109/TEMC.2014.2319815\n10.3390/brainsci13071006\n10.3390/ijms241612533\n10.1007/s12010-008-8469-8\n10.1155/2021/2237370\n10.3390/ijms23169288\n10.1016/j.pathophys.2017.11.001\n10.1515/reveh-2024-0017\n10.1179/1743132814Y.0000000392\n10.3389/fcell.2023.1067861\n10.1080/13102818.2008.10817595\n10.3109/09553000903564059\n10.1667/RR1615.1\n10.1667/RR1002.1\n10.1016/j.tox.2022.153409\n10.1007/s00204-024-03696-4\n10.1016/j.jare.2019.11.007\n10.1088/0031-9155/59/18/5287\n10.13099/VIP21000-04-0",
    "journal": "International journal of molecular sciences",
    "keywords": [
        "9.375 GHz",
        "emotion",
        "learning and cognitive ability",
        "microwave radiation",
        "oxidative stress"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-04-17",
    "pubmed_id": "40243492\n30481957\n29502514\n34273841\n37508937\n37628714\n19089649\n34527734\n36012552\n23151144\n22998825\n29153770\n38889394\n35261075\n24861496\n26239913\n36910143\n26511840\n30023257\n20353343\n10723021\n31463749\n28451780\n28035182\n26396154\n15325777\n20199221\n17903040\n36572170\n38483584\n31956441\n25144615",
    "results": null,
    "title": "The Impact of 9.375 GHz Microwave Radiation on the Emotional and Cognitive Abilities of Mice.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788504c80770>"
}