{
    "abstract": "Gallstone disease in pregnancy is one of the most common indications for nonobstetrical surgery during pregnancy. National-level data on contemporary surgical practice and outcomes are limited.\nThis study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing cholecystectomy during pregnancy.\nThis cross-sectional study examined the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's 2 nationwide databases in the United States: the National Inpatient Sample and the Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample. The study population included 18,630 patients who had cholecystectomy during pregnancy from January 2016 to December 2020. The exposure was gestational age, grouped sequentially into the following 5 groups: first trimester (<14 weeks), early second trimester (14-20 weeks), late second trimester (21-27 weeks), early third trimester (28-36 weeks), and late third trimester (\u226537 weeks). The main outcomes were clinical demographics, medical comorbidities, surgical information, and pregnancy characteristics and outcomes, assessed by gestational age.\nCholecystectomy was most common in the early second trimester (32.1%), followed by the first trimester (25.2%), late second trimester (23.1%), early third trimester (12.4%), and late third trimester (7.2%). Patients in the first-trimester group were more likely to be aged \u226535 years, to smoke, and to have acute cholecystitis, severe hyperemesis gravidarum including metabolic disturbance, pregestational diabetes, multifetal gestation, and sepsis/shock (\nThis nationwide analysis suggests that clinical and pregnancy characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing cholecystectomy differ by pregnancy stage with a bimodal distribution. Although patients in the first and third trimesters have distinct medical conditions, more clinically significant pregnancy and maternal outcomes were found in both groups compared with patients in the second trimester.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (Drs Mazza, Youssefzadeh, Aberle, Anderson, and Matsuo).",
            "firstname": "Genevieve R",
            "initials": "GR",
            "lastname": "Mazza"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (Drs Mazza, Youssefzadeh, Aberle, Anderson, and Matsuo).",
            "firstname": "Ariane C",
            "initials": "AC",
            "lastname": "Youssefzadeh"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (Drs Mazza, Youssefzadeh, Aberle, Anderson, and Matsuo).",
            "firstname": "Laurel S",
            "initials": "LS",
            "lastname": "Aberle"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (Drs Mazza, Youssefzadeh, Aberle, Anderson, and Matsuo).",
            "firstname": "Zachary S",
            "initials": "ZS",
            "lastname": "Anderson"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (Dr Mandelbaum).",
            "firstname": "Rachel S",
            "initials": "RS",
            "lastname": "Mandelbaum"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (Dr Ouzounian).",
            "firstname": "Joseph G",
            "initials": "JG",
            "lastname": "Ouzounian"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (Dr Matsushima).",
            "firstname": "Kazuhide",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Matsushima"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (Drs Mazza, Youssefzadeh, Aberle, Anderson, and Matsuo).\nNorris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (Dr Matsuo).",
            "firstname": "Koji",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Matsuo"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "This nationwide analysis suggests that clinical and pregnancy characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing cholecystectomy differ by pregnancy stage with a bimodal distribution. Although patients in the first and third trimesters have distinct medical conditions, more clinically significant pregnancy and maternal outcomes were found in both groups compared with patients in the second trimester.",
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2024 The Authors.",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.xagr.2024.100310",
    "journal": "AJOG global reports",
    "keywords": [
        "characteristics",
        "cholecystectomy",
        "gestational age",
        "morbidity",
        "outcome",
        "pregnancy"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2024-02-02",
    "pubmed_id": "38304305\n27617856\n35258527\n31427852\n33957256\n27324332\n33025256\n34966066\n25650166\n32187083\n30913200\n28643072\n18553201\n3558716\n35115477\n36649321\n28881393\n14691706\n25968488\n28599581\n18614143\n30769111\n32875420\n21052721\n26826612",
    "results": "Cholecystectomy was most common in the early second trimester (32.1%), followed by the first trimester (25.2%), late second trimester (23.1%), early third trimester (12.4%), and late third trimester (7.2%). Patients in the first-trimester group were more likely to be aged \u226535 years, to smoke, and to have acute cholecystitis, severe hyperemesis gravidarum including metabolic disturbance, pregestational diabetes, multifetal gestation, and sepsis/shock (",
    "title": "Pregnant patients undergoing cholecystectomy: nationwide assessment of clinical characteristics and outcomes.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788500b6e4d0>"
}