{
    "abstract": "Public health threats can significantly impact mass gatherings and enhancing surveillance systems would thus be crucial. Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources (EIOS) was introduced to Qatar to complement the existing surveillance measures in preparation to the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 (FWC22). This study estimated the empirical probability of EIOS detecting signals of public health relevance. It also looked at the factors responsible for discerning a moderate-high risk signal during a mass gathering event.\nThis cross-sectional descriptive study used data collected between November 8th and December 25th, 2022, through an EIOS dashboard that filtered open-source articles using specific keywords. Triage criteria and scoring scheme were developed to capture signals and these were maintained in MS Excel. EIOS' contribution to epidemic intelligence was assessed by the empirical probability estimation of relevant public health signals. Chi-squared tests of independence were performed to check for associations between various hazard categories and other independent variables. A multivariate logistic regression evaluated the predictors of moderate-high risk signals that required prompt action.\nThe probability of EIOS capturing a signal relevant to public health was estimated at 0.85\u00a0% (95\u00a0% confidence interval (CI) [0.82\u00a0%-0.88\u00a0%]) with three signals requiring a national response. The hazard category of the signal had significant association to the region of occurrence (\u03c7\nEIOS proved useful in the early warning of public health threats.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, P.O Box: 42, Al Khaleej Street, Al Rumaila, Doha, Qatar.",
            "firstname": "Mohamed",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Sallam"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, P.O Box: 42, Al Khaleej Street, Al Rumaila, Doha, Qatar. Electronic address: rjabbar@moph.gov.qa.",
            "firstname": "Raihana",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Jabbar"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, P.O Box: 42, Al Khaleej Street, Al Rumaila, Doha, Qatar.",
            "firstname": "Lylu K",
            "initials": "LK",
            "lastname": "Mahadoon"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, P.O Box: 42, Al Khaleej Street, Al Rumaila, Doha, Qatar.",
            "firstname": "Tasneem J",
            "initials": "TJ",
            "lastname": "Elshareif"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, P.O Box: 42, Al Khaleej Street, Al Rumaila, Doha, Qatar.",
            "firstname": "Mariam",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Darweesh"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, P.O Box: 42, Al Khaleej Street, Al Rumaila, Doha, Qatar.",
            "firstname": "Hanaa S",
            "initials": "HS",
            "lastname": "Ahmed"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, P.O Box: 42, Al Khaleej Street, Al Rumaila, Doha, Qatar.",
            "firstname": "Douaa O A",
            "initials": "DOA",
            "lastname": "Mohamed"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Public Health Intelligence Team, Health Emergency Information and Risk Assessment Unit, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, P.O. Box 7608, Nasr City, Cairo 11371, Egypt.",
            "firstname": "Aura",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Corpuz"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Surveillance and Response Monitoring Team, Health Emergency Information and Risk Assessment Unit, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, P.O. Box 7608, Nasr City, Cairo 11371, Egypt.",
            "firstname": "Mahmoud",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Sadek"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Surveillance and Response Monitoring Team, Health Emergency Information and Risk Assessment Unit, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, P.O. Box 7608, Nasr City, Cairo 11371, Egypt.",
            "firstname": "Muzhgan",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Habibi"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Public Health Intelligence Team, Health Emergency Information and Risk Assessment Unit, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, P.O. Box 7608, Nasr City, Cairo 11371, Egypt.",
            "firstname": "Farida",
            "initials": "F",
            "lastname": "Abougazia"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.",
            "firstname": "Rula",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Shami"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, P.O Box: 42, Al Khaleej Street, Al Rumaila, Doha, Qatar.",
            "firstname": "Montaha",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Mahmoud"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12613, 1 Gamaa Street, Giza, Egypt.",
            "firstname": "Sara",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Heikal"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.",
            "firstname": "Sarah",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Aqel"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network, Abdallah Ben Abbas St, Building No. 42, Amman, Jordan.",
            "firstname": "Sayed",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Himatt"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, P.O Box: 42, Al Khaleej Street, Al Rumaila, Doha, Qatar.",
            "firstname": "Maha",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Al-Shamali"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, P.O Box: 42, Al Khaleej Street, Al Rumaila, Doha, Qatar.",
            "firstname": "Hamad",
            "initials": "H",
            "lastname": "Al-Romaihi"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "EIOS proved useful in the early warning of public health threats.",
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102514",
    "journal": "Journal of infection and public health",
    "keywords": [
        "Digital disease surveillance",
        "Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources",
        "FIFA World Cup 2022 Qatar",
        "Risk prediction"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2024-08-15",
    "pubmed_id": "39142081",
    "results": "The probability of EIOS capturing a signal relevant to public health was estimated at 0.85\u00a0% (95\u00a0% confidence interval (CI) [0.82\u00a0%-0.88\u00a0%]) with three signals requiring a national response. The hazard category of the signal had significant association to the region of occurrence (\u03c7",
    "title": "Enhanced event-based surveillance: Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources (EIOS) during FIFA World Cup 2022 Qatar.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x7885047235b0>"
}