{
    "abstract": "High prepregnant BMI is associated with reduced initiation and duration of breast-feeding (BF). To examine how gestational weight gain (GWG) might modify this association, over a 9-y period, we identified all women (n = 2783) who had attempted to breast-feed their newborns. From their medical records, we categorized them by prepregnant BMI [as underweight (<19.8 kg/m2), normal-weight (19.8-26.0 kg/m2), overweight (26.1-29.0 kg/m2) or obese ( >29.0 kg/m2)] and GWG [as below, within, or above the amount recommended by the Institute of Medicine]. Women with a normal BMI who gained within these recommendations served as the reference group in regression analyses, which were adjusted for confounding factors. Both normal-weight (P < 0.05) and obese (P < 0.01) women who exceeded the recommended GWG had higher odds of failing to initiate BF (defined as continuing to breast-feed at 4 d postpartum). Underweight (P < 0.05), overweight (P < 0.05), and obese (P < 0.01) women who exceeded the recommendations for GWG as well as obese women who gained within the recommendations (P < 0.01) had a higher risk of early discontinuation of exclusive BF. Only obese women who gained within or exceeded the recommendations (P < 0.01) for GWG had a higher risk of early discontinuation of any BF. Excessive GWG was associated with a measure of failure to initiate and/or sustain BF in all categories of prepregnant BMI. Thus, in addition to conceiving at a healthy weight, gaining the recommended amount of weight during pregnancy is also important for successful BF.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.",
            "firstname": "Julie A",
            "initials": "JA",
            "lastname": "Hilson"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Kathleen M",
            "initials": "KM",
            "lastname": "Rasmussen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Chris L",
            "initials": "CL",
            "lastname": "Kjolhede"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": "10.1093/jn/136.1.140",
    "journal": "The Journal of nutrition",
    "keywords": [],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2005-12-21",
    "pubmed_id": "16365073",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Excessive weight gain during pregnancy is associated with earlier termination of breast-feeding among White women.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788504c3dcb0>"
}