{
    "abstract": "Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is a simple and well-tolerated physical therapy that increases respiratory muscle strength and relieving the degree of dyspnea and fatigue. Therefore, it may be used as a transitional modality before exercise training or as a specific physical therapy intervention for those who are diagnosed with respiratory muscle weakness. However, the current evidence on IMT in pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients is inconclusive. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the current role of IMT in this group of patients.\nPubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched through May 2022. Trials examining the feasibility and effectiveness of IMT in PH patients. Outcome measures included adverse events, training adherence and compliance, maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), forced vital capacity (FVC%), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV\nWe ultimately identified four studies that met the criteria. These studies comprised 80 patients with 16 males and 64 females. The mean age was 53.25. The main types of PH were group I (pulmonary arterial hypertension, 95%) and group IV (chronic thromboembolic PH, 5%). No severe adverse events were reported in the included studies. IMT had a significant effect on improving MIP (18.89 cmH\nBased on currently limited evidence, IMT is an effective physical therapy for increasing respiratory muscle function and exercise capacity, but still a lack of evidence on dyspnea and fatigue levels, pulmonary function, and QoL in PH patients. There are reasons to believe that IMT is a promising intervention in PH patients, enriching rehabilitation options and serving as a bridge before formal exercise training. It is expected that IMT will play an important role in the future clinical pathway of physical therapy for this group of patients.\n[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/logout.php], identifier [CRD42022335972].",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.",
            "firstname": "Zeruxin",
            "initials": "Z",
            "lastname": "Luo"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.",
            "firstname": "Hong",
            "initials": "H",
            "lastname": "Qian"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.",
            "firstname": "Xiu",
            "initials": "X",
            "lastname": "Zhang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.",
            "firstname": "Yuqiang",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Wang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.",
            "firstname": "Jing",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Wang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.",
            "firstname": "Pengming",
            "initials": "P",
            "lastname": "Yu"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "Based on currently limited evidence, IMT is an effective physical therapy for increasing respiratory muscle function and exercise capacity, but still a lack of evidence on dyspnea and fatigue levels, pulmonary function, and QoL in PH patients. There are reasons to believe that IMT is a promising intervention in PH patients, enriching rehabilitation options and serving as a bridge before formal exercise training. It is expected that IMT will play an important role in the future clinical pathway of physical therapy for this group of patients.",
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2022 Luo, Qian, Zhang, Wang, Wang and Yu.",
    "doi": "10.3389/fcvm.2022.999422\n10.1183/16000617.0096-2015\n10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00543-3\n10.1164/rccm.201211-2090CI\n10.1016/j.hfc.2018.03.008\n10.1002/14651858.CD011285.pub2\n10.1183/13993003.00332-2018\n10.1086/690553\n10.1093/ptj/pzaa171\n10.3389/fphys.2022.872277\n10.1086/682431\n10.1042/CS20070238\n10.1152/japplphysiol.01157.2007\n10.5935/1678-9741.20160035\n10.1097/HCR.0000000000000234\n10.1097/HCR.0000000000000117\n10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.01.014\n10.1155/2005/156750\n10.1016/0895-4356(92)90054-Q\n10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557\n10.1016/j.hlc.2020.06.006\n10.1016/j.hjc.2016.05.008\n10.1164/rccm.201702-0372OC\n10.1016/j.pcad.2014.03.008\n10.1016/j.chest.2018.11.030\n10.2105/AJPH.2004.044743\n10.1183/09031936.04.00095804\n10.1152/ajplung.00113.2016\n10.1183/13993003.02108-2018\n10.1183/09031936.00223611\n10.1164/rccm.166.4.518\n10.1298/jjpta.8.29\n10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70287-X\n10.7861/clinmedicine.9-5-448\n10.1371/journal.pone.0204072\n10.1164/ajrccm.161.2.9906015\n10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.105890\n10.1513/pats.200803-029SK\n10.1053/euhj.2000.2440\n10.1183/16000617.0330-2020",
    "journal": "Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine",
    "keywords": [
        "exercise capacity",
        "inspiratory muscle training",
        "maximal inspiratory pressure",
        "pulmonary hypertension",
        "quality of life"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2022-12-17",
    "pubmed_id": "36523361\n26929415\n26975810\n23348976\n29966639\n28099988\n0\n30578391\n28680563\n32936904\n35586711\n34688670\n26401245\n17764445\n18096752\n27556313\n28169983\n25909652\n32143877\n16247528\n1619456\n12958120\n32736963\n27647498\n28537429\n25782656\n30660783\n16051938\n15640333\n27190061\n31771998\n22790921\n12186831\n25792941\n24461891\n19886106\n30260970\n10673190\n22696079\n18625754\n11161914\n34750113",
    "results": "We ultimately identified four studies that met the criteria. These studies comprised 80 patients with 16 males and 64 females. The mean age was 53.25. The main types of PH were group I (pulmonary arterial hypertension, 95%) and group IV (chronic thromboembolic PH, 5%). No severe adverse events were reported in the included studies. IMT had a significant effect on improving MIP (18.89 cmH",
    "title": "Effectiveness and safety of inspiratory muscle training in patients with pulmonary hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x7885041efa10>"
}