{
    "abstract": "Testing with fingertip blood sampling, including HbA1c testing, has been available in community pharmacies in Japan since 2014. In 2016, the Mihara Pharmacy Association in Hiroshima Prefecture, in collaboration with the Mihara municipal government, developed a community programme that utilized the walk-in HbA1c test that could be offered by participating community pharmacies. The aim of this study was to assess whether the new programme could detect undiagnosed DM in the community and to compare groups who had and had not accessed the SHCG programme among SHCG eligible participants.\nThe programme includes pharmacist advice following participants conducted Hba1c testing in the pharmacy, and completing a questionnaire to collect self-reported personal data including lifestyle, demography, height, weight, and blood pressure. All those accessing the programme were included. We analysed data from fiscal years 2016 to 2018, obtained retrospectively from the questionnaires.\nThe participants aged 40-74 years who were the target of a national health check programme represented 73.7% of the 1933 total unique participants. Approximately 40% of these participants did not undergo routine checkups, 23.8% had HbA1c scores \u22655.6%, and 2.7% had HbA1c scores \u22656.5%.\nThe walk-in HbA1c community testing programme provided an opportunity to test the diabetes mellitus risk of residents, especially those who have missed their routine checkups. If the community programme were adopted widely, more undiagnosed populations at risk for diabetes mellitus could be detected in the early stages and the use of community resources such as pharmacists and pharmacies would be utilized.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Laboratory of Public Health, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Aiko",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Shono"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Mihara Pharmaceutical Association, Center Pharmacy, Mihara, Hiroshima 723-0051, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Aki",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Morihiro"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Mihara Pharmaceutical Association, Center Pharmacy, Mihara, Hiroshima 723-0051, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Nobue",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Harada"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Xerxes",
            "initials": "X",
            "lastname": "Seposo"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Data Science, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Wataru",
            "initials": "W",
            "lastname": "Mimura"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Health Care Policy and Health Economics, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Shu-Ling",
            "initials": "SL",
            "lastname": "Hoshi"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.\nNutrigenomics Research Group, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.\nRevolution of Access to Diabetes Diagnosis (RADD) Project, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.\nThe Cooperation Council for Specimen Measurement Offices, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0032, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Naoya",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Yahagi"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Laboratory of Social Pharmacy and Regulatory Science, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Seiko",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Miyazaki"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Health Care Policy and Health Economics, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Masahide",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Kondo"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site\u2014for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.",
    "doi": "10.1093/ijpp/riaf005",
    "journal": "The International journal of pharmacy practice",
    "keywords": [
        "community pharmacy",
        "community program",
        "diabetes mellitus",
        "early detection of diabetes",
        "public health"
    ],
    "methods": "The programme includes pharmacist advice following participants conducted Hba1c testing in the pharmacy, and completing a questionnaire to collect self-reported personal data including lifestyle, demography, height, weight, and blood pressure. All those accessing the programme were included. We analysed data from fiscal years 2016 to 2018, obtained retrospectively from the questionnaires.",
    "publication_date": "2025-02-12",
    "pubmed_id": "39937129",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Community-based HbA1c testing programme for early detection of undiagnosed diabetes in community pharmacy.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788503f18680>"
}