{
    "abstract": "Cancer is one of the most significant threats to human health. Following surgical excision, chemotherapy is an effective strategy against remaining cancer cells. 4-hexylresorcinol (4-HR) has anti-cancer properties and exhibits hydrophobicity-induced aggregation in the blood that has trouble with targeted tumor delivery and cellular uptake of the drug. The purpose of this study is to encapsulate 4-HR into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to enhance its anti-cancer effect by avoiding aggregation and facilitating cellular uptake.\n4-HR SLNs were prepared via hot melt homogenization with sonication. SLN characteristics were assessed by analyzing particle size, zeta potential, and drug release. Cytotoxicity, as an indicator of the anti-cancer effect, was evaluated against HeLa (cervical cancer in humans), A549 (lung cancer in humans), and CT-26 (colon carcinoma in mice) cell lines.\nParticle size ranged from 169.4 to 644.8 nm, and zeta potential ranged from -19.8 to -40.3 mV, which are conducive to cellular uptake. Entrapment efficiency (EE) of 4-HR was found to be 75.0-96.5%. The cytotoxicity of 4-HR-loaded SLNs demonstrated enhanced anti-cancer effects compared to pure 4-HR. The enhancement of anti-cancer effects depended on reduced particle size based on cellular uptake, the EE, and the cell type.\nThese findings imply that 4-HR-loaded SLN is a promising strategy for chemotherapy in cancer treatment.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea.",
            "firstname": "Sooho",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Yeo"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Research Center of Barunbarum Co., Seoul 06776, Republic of Korea.",
            "firstname": "Sukkyun",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Jung"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea.",
            "firstname": "Haneul",
            "initials": "H",
            "lastname": "Kim"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.",
            "firstname": "Jun-Hyun",
            "initials": "JH",
            "lastname": "Ahn"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea.",
            "firstname": "Sung-Joo",
            "initials": "SJ",
            "lastname": "Hwang"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": "10.3390/ph17101296\n10.1038/s41598-020-80529-1\n10.1002/cncr.33096\n10.1038/s41392-023-01536-y\n10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121906\n10.1016/j.drup.2017.05.002\n10.1080/14737140.2021.1868991\n10.1007/s11033-023-08809-3\n10.1038/s41392-024-01856-7\n10.3892/or.2011.1218\n10.3892/or.2011.1436\n10.3892/or.2013.2292\n10.1016/0145-2126(89)90098-2\n10.3390/app11199128\n10.3390/app12125921\n10.1016/j.molonc.2012.07.003\n10.1182/blood-2012-10-461988\n10.3389/fonc.2020.00699\n10.1038/s41598-019-38946-4\n10.1007/s12272-020-01214-5\n10.3390/molecules25184243\n10.3390/cells10071717\n10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.10.011\n10.3109/03639045.2012.702348\n10.1016/j.ejps.2017.11.023\n10.1016/j.cis.2019.102033\n10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.10.006\n10.1016/j.ejps.2017.05.063\n10.3389/fbioe.2020.00879\n10.1039/C6RA02912D\n10.1039/D0RA03491F\n10.3390/pharmaceutics14051064\n10.1021/acsomega.2c04407\n10.1515/dmpt-2018-0032\n10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102915\n10.3390/cancers14122868\n10.1016/S0939-6411(00)00087-4\n10.1016/j.bpj.2018.04.011\n10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.12.037\n10.1208/pt0804083\n10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.10.021\n10.1016/j.cep.2022.109165\n10.1007/s10570-022-04488-8\n10.1371/journal.pone.0194797\n10.1021/acsabm.2c00002\n10.3390/pharmaceutics13010033",
    "journal": "Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)",
    "keywords": [
        "4-hexylresorcinol",
        "anti-cancer therapy",
        "chemotherapy",
        "enhanced permeation and retention effect",
        "solid lipid nanoparticle"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2024-10-26",
    "pubmed_id": "39458937\n33531521\n32697345\n37544972\n36395660\n28867241\n33355020\n37828275\n39013849\n21424127\n21874263\n23427012\n2796389\n22963873\n23440245\n32500025\n30833641\n31989479\n32947799\n34359887\n19833178\n22794139\n29183800\n31614266\n27789355\n28576561\n33178666\n35543986\n35515778\n35631650\n36249382\n30707682\n35597441\n35740534\n10840199\n29742407\n22227603\n18181544\n27810471\n29634782\n30065762\n35226465\n33379295",
    "results": "Particle size ranged from 169.4 to 644.8 nm, and zeta potential ranged from -19.8 to -40.3 mV, which are conducive to cellular uptake. Entrapment efficiency (EE) of 4-HR was found to be 75.0-96.5%. The cytotoxicity of 4-HR-loaded SLNs demonstrated enhanced anti-cancer effects compared to pure 4-HR. The enhancement of anti-cancer effects depended on reduced particle size based on cellular uptake, the EE, and the cell type.",
    "title": "4-Hexylresorcinol Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Enhancing Anticancer Activity.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x78850432a570>"
}