{
    "abstract": "To describe the practice patterns of intravitreal injections (IVIs) among ophthalmologists in China.\nThis was a cross-sectional online survey. Ophthalmologists who had performed accumulated more than 100 injections were contacted by the Brightness Center, a hospital-based national network, to complete an anonymous, 24-question, internet-based survey. They were surveyed on practices in injection techniques, pre-, and post-injections procedures.\nA total of 333 ophthalmologists from 28 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions responded to the survey (50.68% response rate). The 91.29% of the respondents evaluated systemic risk factors by medical history, electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood test. All the respondents used pre-injection prophylactic antibiotics. Most checked intraocular pressure (IOP, 99.1%) and blood pressure (96.1%) before injections. A majority of the respondents performed injections in the operating room (98.8%), wore masks (99.7%), gloves (99.4%) and sterile surgical clothing (96.1%), performed topical anesthetics (97.9%), and applied povidone-iodine (95.8%) pre-injection. The 61.26% of the respondents dilated pupil. About half of the respondents (51.05%) performed bilateral injections in the same setting. Superior temporal quadrant (40.54%) was the most frequent site of injection. Around three quarters used 30-gauge needles. Most respondents (97.9%) measured the site of injection from limbus. More than half (53.45%) performed conjunctiva displacement prior to injection. The 32.43% of the respondents checked IOP post-injection and 87.99% physicians checked hand motion (HM) or counting fingers (CF) after injection, while 36.94% observed optic nerve perfusion. All participants used topical antibiotics post-injections. Most physicians (91.89%) reviewed patients on the following day.\nThis study provides a description of the real-world practice patterns in IVIs in China and offers critical information regarding education and training of ophthalmologists and amendment of local society guidelines.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China.\nNational Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China.\nShanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China.",
            "firstname": "Li",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "Su"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China.\nNational Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China.\nShanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China.",
            "firstname": "Yin-Chen",
            "initials": "YC",
            "lastname": "Shen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Shanghai MicroCall Information Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China.",
            "firstname": "Hong",
            "initials": "H",
            "lastname": "Li"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Shanghai MicroCall Information Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China.",
            "firstname": "Bo",
            "initials": "B",
            "lastname": "Mou"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China.\nNational Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China.\nShanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China.",
            "firstname": "Kun",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Liu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China.\nNational Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China.\nShanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China.",
            "firstname": "Xun",
            "initials": "X",
            "lastname": "Xu"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "This study provides a description of the real-world practice patterns in IVIs in China and offers critical information regarding education and training of ophthalmologists and amendment of local society guidelines.",
    "copyrights": "International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.",
    "doi": "10.18240/ijo.2024.09.20",
    "journal": "International journal of ophthalmology",
    "keywords": [
        "Chinese ophthalmologists",
        "intravitreal injections",
        "practice pattern",
        "topical antibiotics"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2024-09-19",
    "pubmed_id": "39296554\n25489719\n29393226\n21168821\n31068264\n32461437\n34963265\n16440019\n21608333\n28003738\n33273805\n24862772\n25714535\n33522314\n29477689\n30214147\n33815833\n33335269\n24144453\n28267115\n31133544\n25940556\n22420958\n21420176\n28440583\n35186684\n34410325\n21825179\n22374155\n33129809\n34019955\n23416514",
    "results": "A total of 333 ophthalmologists from 28 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions responded to the survey (50.68% response rate). The 91.29% of the respondents evaluated systemic risk factors by medical history, electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood test. All the respondents used pre-injection prophylactic antibiotics. Most checked intraocular pressure (IOP, 99.1%) and blood pressure (96.1%) before injections. A majority of the respondents performed injections in the operating room (98.8%), wore masks (99.7%), gloves (99.4%) and sterile surgical clothing (96.1%), performed topical anesthetics (97.9%), and applied povidone-iodine (95.8%) pre-injection. The 61.26% of the respondents dilated pupil. About half of the respondents (51.05%) performed bilateral injections in the same setting. Superior temporal quadrant (40.54%) was the most frequent site of injection. Around three quarters used 30-gauge needles. Most respondents (97.9%) measured the site of injection from limbus. More than half (53.45%) performed conjunctiva displacement prior to injection. The 32.43% of the respondents checked IOP post-injection and 87.99% physicians checked hand motion (HM) or counting fingers (CF) after injection, while 36.94% observed optic nerve perfusion. All participants used topical antibiotics post-injections. Most physicians (91.89%) reviewed patients on the following day.",
    "title": "Intravitreal injection practice patterns among Chinese ophthalmologists.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788503593a60>"
}