{
    "abstract": "The purpose of this multisite study was to determine the effects of endotracheal suctioning on mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) and heart rate in 189 critically ill adults. One-pass, intermittent suction was applied for 10 or fewer seconds, with three prehyperoxygenation and three posthyperoxygenation breaths of 100% oxygen. Subjects at three hospitals (n = 127) underwent suctioning using hyperoxygenation with anesthesia bags and traditional suction catheters (open suction method). Subjects at one hospital (n = 62) underwent suctioning with hyperoxygenation by ventilator and in-line suction catheters (closed suction method). For subjects from all hospital sites combined, the SvO2 decreased from 67% to 64% (p = 0.001), a 4% change from baseline, and returned to baseline within 2 minutes. However, in subjects receiving the open method of suction, SvO2 dropped from 66% to 62% immediately after suctioning and returned to baseline within 4 minutes. In contrast, when the closed suction method was used, SvO2 rose from 67.7% to 67.86% immediately after suctioning, drifting upward to 71% for the next 2 minutes before dropping toward the baseline after 4 minutes. Mean heart rate increased from a baseline of 99 beats/min to 104 beats/min immediately after suctioning (p = 0.001), a 5% change from baseline, and gradually returned to baseline over the next 4 minutes. No significant differences were seen in heart rate between subjects having the open versus closed suction method. In conclusion, the closed suction method showed a higher SvO2 after endotracheal suctioning compared with the open suction method (p = 0.0001). Some form of hyperoxygenation before and after endotracheal suctioning is recommended.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Nursing, University of Texas, Austin 78701.",
            "firstname": "A P",
            "initials": "AP",
            "lastname": "Clark"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "E H",
            "initials": "EH",
            "lastname": "Winslow"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "D O",
            "initials": "DO",
            "lastname": "Tyler"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "K M",
            "initials": "KM",
            "lastname": "White"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": null,
    "journal": "Heart & lung : the journal of critical care",
    "keywords": [],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "1990-09-01",
    "pubmed_id": "2211166",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Effects of endotracheal suctioning on mixed venous oxygen saturation and heart rate in critically ill adults.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788505c91080>"
}