{
    "abstract": "Eurycoma longifolia (also known as Tongkat Ali) is one of the valuable medicinal plants frequently used as traditional medicine in Malaysia. Its alkaloids and quassinoids reportedly confers antiparasitic activities. The effect of different Light Emitting Diode (LED) spectra treatments on E. longifolia hairy root cultures (ELHRCs) on alkaloid synthesis remains unexplored and its consequent antiparasitic effect on Blastocystis sp., a common intestinal protozoan parasite, is still unknown. In this study, the ELHRCs were irradiated to white, blue, red, blue plus red (1:1) and mint green LED illumination in vitro. The variation of alkaloids was assessed by using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and employed to quantify 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one and 9-methoxycanthin-6-one. Subsequently, antiparasitic effect on Blastocystis sp. was assessed in in vitro parasite culture and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Georgetown, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.",
            "firstname": "Mahmoud Ali Khalaf",
            "initials": "MAK",
            "lastname": "Abushattal"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Georgetown, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.\nDepartment of Botany, Gombe State University, Gombe P.M.B 127, Gombe, Nigeria.",
            "firstname": "Sani",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Sale"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Georgetown, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.\nCentre for Chemical Biology (CCB), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Bayan Lepas, 11900, Penang, Malaysia.\nDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.",
            "firstname": "Sreeramanan",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Subramaniam"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Georgetown, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.",
            "firstname": "Mohamad Nurul Azmi",
            "initials": "MNA",
            "lastname": "Mohamad Taib"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia. arun04@um.edu.my.",
            "firstname": "Arutchelvan",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Rajamanikam"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Georgetown, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.",
            "firstname": "Farah Haziqa Meor",
            "initials": "FHM",
            "lastname": "Termizi"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Forest Biotechnology Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Kepong, 52109, Selangor, Malaysia.",
            "firstname": "Nor Hasnida",
            "initials": "NH",
            "lastname": "Hassan"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Georgetown, 11800, Penang, Malaysia. madatari@usm.my.",
            "firstname": "Mohamad Fadhli",
            "initials": "MF",
            "lastname": "Mad' Atari"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2025. The Author(s).",
    "doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-99906-9\n10.2174/1389450119666180219123815\n10.4103/2221-1691.250265\n10.3390/nu12072111\n10.3390/molecules27030585\n10.3389/fpls.2020.00033\n10.3389/fpls.2022.937095\n10.1093/jxb/eraa435\n10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.06.012\n10.1007/s11627-018-9902-5\n10.1007/s00344-021-10337-y\n10.1007/s11240-023-02486-7\n10.1023/A:1013786332363\n10.1016/j.bej.2004.07.001\n10.1007/s00299-007-0344-5\n10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.08.020\n10.1128/CMR.00022-08\n10.1371/journal.pone.0121173\n10.1016/j.mehy.2018.04.006\n10.1371/journal.pone.0212542\n10.1007/s00436-015-4760-0\n10.1016/j.trstmh.2012.08.005\n10.3923/jp.2017.33.44\n10.1021/acsomega.2c06340\n10.1300/J044v07n02_08\n10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00819\n10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.148131\n10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112959\n10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.04.010\n10.1021/acsomega.2c02728\n10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.04.013\n10.3390/molecules28124603\n10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.114798\n10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135216\n10.3390/molecules21040493\n10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.116496\n10.3390/life13041042\n10.1016/j.jksus.2014.04.006\n10.4103/1995-7645.225015\n10.1128/AAC.04832-14\n10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181bb86ba\n10.1007/s00436-011-2294-7\n10.1007/s00436-012-3085-5\n10.1007/s10096-012-1746-z\n10.1186/1471-2334-14-164\n10.1016/j.meegid.2016.03.017\n10.4269/ajtmh.16-0706\n10.1186/s13071-019-3641-2\n10.1371/journal.pone.0212542\n10.1099/mic.0.26496-0\n10.1007/s00436-011-2265-z",
    "journal": "Scientific reports",
    "keywords": [
        "9-methoxycanthin-6-one",
        "Anti-protozoal activity.",
        "Hairy roots",
        "LED spectrum",
        "Tongkat Ali"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-04-27",
    "pubmed_id": "40287563\n29468964\n33382895\n32690221\n37197002\n17396238\n25236693\n18854485\n29857906\n30794628\n26481491\n23141370\n36687023\n31021630\n31816291\n22579943\n35936463\n36566545\n27092482\n37109572\n17768473\n25987633\n19834337\n21340563\n22948205\n22996007\n27034056\n28167596\n14702395\n21431384",
    "results": null,
    "title": "The effects of LED Spectra on synthesis of antiparasitic bioactive compound in Eurycoma longifolia hairy root culture against Blastocystis Sp.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788506183fb0>"
}