{
    "abstract": "Dopamine agonists, such as cabergoline (Cab), have demonstrated efficacy in restoring reproductive function in cases of hyperprolactinemia and hormonal dysregulation. This study investigates the long-term consequences of maternal Cab treatment on the reproductive phenotype of the progeny in a female transgenic (TG) mouse model with hyperprolactinemia and infertility due to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) \u03b2-subunit overexpression. The TG females that received Cab between weeks 3-4 of life exhibited a reversion of hyperprolactinemia and infertility, whereas WT females retained their fertility. When TG-cab- or WT-Cab-treated females were crossed with WT or TG males, respectively, their female TG offspring showed a reversal of precocious puberty, regularization of estrous cycles, fertility, and prevention of hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas. Despite the persistent high LH/hCG bioactivity, the normalization of prolactin levels led to a reduction in ovarian luteinization markers and progesterone levels. The TG female pups born to either WT-cab- or TG-cab-treated females exhibited a normalized phenotype, thus suggesting that the effects were indeed due to maternal Cab administration, and not to the transgene. Cross-fostering experiments showed that the long-lasting programming effect of maternal Cab on offspring occurred during lactation because the TG female pups from non-treated WT female/TG male pregnancies, but nursed by Cab-treated females, were free from the altered TG phenotype. These results suggest that Cab treatment before pregnancy may have a multigenerational effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of the offspring, mediated during lactation. This highlights potential implications for generational health and clinical practices regarding the use of dopamine agonists during lactation.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490 (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina.",
            "firstname": "Laura D",
            "initials": "LD",
            "lastname": "Ratner"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490 (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina.",
            "firstname": "Agustina",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Marcial Lopez"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490 (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina.",
            "firstname": "Noelia P",
            "initials": "NP",
            "lastname": "Di Giorgio"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland; Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland.",
            "firstname": "Matti",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Poutanen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Digestion, Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.",
            "firstname": "Ilpo",
            "initials": "I",
            "lastname": "Huhtaniemi"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490 (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Estudios Biom\u00e9dicos B\u00e1sicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Universidad Maim\u00f3nides, Hidalgo 775 Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de, C1405BCK, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: rulli.susana@maimonides.edu.",
            "firstname": "Susana B",
            "initials": "SB",
            "lastname": "Rulli"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.mce.2025.112538",
    "journal": "Molecular and cellular endocrinology",
    "keywords": [
        "Cabergoline",
        "Female reproduction",
        "Lactation",
        "Multigenerational",
        "Offspring",
        "Prolactin"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-04-06",
    "pubmed_id": "40187547",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Maternal dopamine agonist treatment before pregnancy reverses infertility and hyperprolactinemia in hCG-overexpressing mice through lactation: Evidence of generational effects.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788502f06520>"
}