{
    "abstract": "In order to improve the contraceptive effectiveness of the stainless steel uterine cavity shaped device (UCD), a copper-plated uterine cavity shaped device (UCDcu) was developed. A comparative study on these two kinds of IUDs was conducted between May 1986 and March 1987 involving ten collaborative institutions. 2009 women aged 20-40 who had regular menstrual cycles without excessive bleeding and with no history of pelvic infection were recruited for the study. The UCD cu was inserted in 1004 women, and the UCD was inserted in 1005 women. The insertions were conducted after menstrual periods, after abortion procedures, during periods when the women were feeding, or after Cesarean sections. Both groups of women were comparable in their distributions of age, parity, occupation, and the time period of IUD insertions. They were examined at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the insertions. The life table method was used to calculate failure rates, and Chi-square tests were used to examine the differences in the rates. The 12 months accumulated pregnancy rate was 0.32 in the UCDcu group and 2.99 for the UCD group. The difference was statistically significant. The differences in expulsion rates and experiences of side effects were not statistically significant. Excessive menstrual bleeding led to 10 removals in the UCDcu groups and 5 in the UCd group, but there were more removals due to menstrual cramping in the UCD group than in the UCDcu group (5:0). The UCDcu is superior to the UCD in pregnancy and expulsion rates is associated with no significant disadvantages when compared to the UCD. Further basic and clinical investigations on the UCDcu are warranted.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Q G",
            "initials": "QG",
            "lastname": "Zeng"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": null,
    "journal": "Sheng zhi yu bi yun = Reproduction and contraception",
    "keywords": [
        "Asia",
        "China",
        "Comparative Studies",
        "Contraception",
        "Contraceptive Effectiveness",
        "Contraceptive Methods--complications",
        "Demographic Analysis",
        "Demographic Factors",
        "Developing Countries",
        "Diseases",
        "Eastern Asia",
        "Family Planning",
        "Fertility",
        "Fertility Measurements",
        "Follow-up Studies",
        "Iud, Copper Releasing--complications",
        "Iud--complications",
        "Life Table Method",
        "Menorrhagia",
        "Menstruation Disorders",
        "Population",
        "Population Dynamics",
        "Pregnancy Rate",
        "Research Methodology",
        "Research Report",
        "Studies"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "1991-05-01",
    "pubmed_id": "12317372",
    "results": null,
    "title": "[Comparative evaluation of UCD and UCD-Cu].",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788503684a40>"
}