{
    "abstract": "Neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with poor oral health, with antipsychotics as potential contributors. This study aimed to analyse the oral adverse effects of antipsychotics using the EudraVigilance database.\nA case/noncase analysis was conducted to calculate reporting odds ratios (ROR) and assess the disproportionality of oral adverse events.\nA total of 5663 reports of oral adverse effects related to antipsychotics were identified. Atypical antipsychotics had a higher overall incidence (5663 vs. 787 for typical), but typical antipsychotics showed stronger associations with specific oral issues (ROR\u2009=\u20092.2 vs. 1.6 for atypical). The most commonly reported effects were disturbances in salivary flow, including xerostomia and hypersalivation. Olanzapine and quetiapine were linked to dry mouth (ROR\u2009=\u20091.8 and 3.0) and tooth loss (ROR\u2009=\u20091.7 and 1.8). Clozapine had the highest number of reports (1619) and ROR (33.1) for hypersalivation. Disproportionality analysis revealed significant associations with orofacial dyskinesia for all antipsychotics, except clozapine. Aripiprazole had the highest ROR (13.7) for orofacial dyskinesia and was linked to a swollen tongue in patients aged \u2264\u200917\u2009years (12 cases, ROR\u2009=\u20093.6). No sex-based differences were identified.\nAntipsychotics significantly affect oral health, highlighting the need for preventive dental care and interventions to reduce these effects and improve patient well-being.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.",
            "firstname": "Leire",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "Urien"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Bioaraba Health Research Institute; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba Mental Health Network, Araba Psychiatric Hospital, Pharmacy Service, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.",
            "firstname": "Unax",
            "initials": "U",
            "lastname": "Lertxundi"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, Basque Country Pharmacovigilance Unit, Galdakao, Spain.",
            "firstname": "Montserrat",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Garcia"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.\nBiobizkaia Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, Basque Country Pharmacovigilance Unit, Galdakao, Spain.",
            "firstname": "Carmelo",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Aguirre"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.\nGrupo Red de Salud Mental, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.",
            "firstname": "Nerea",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Jauregizar"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.\nNeurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.",
            "firstname": "Teresa",
            "initials": "T",
            "lastname": "Morera-Herreras"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.",
    "doi": "10.1111/odi.15337",
    "journal": "Oral diseases",
    "keywords": [
        "EudraVigilance",
        "atypical antipsychotics",
        "drug\u2010related side effects",
        "oral health",
        "pharmacovigilance",
        "typical antipsychotics"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-04-22",
    "pubmed_id": "40259575",
    "results": "A total of 5663 reports of oral adverse effects related to antipsychotics were identified. Atypical antipsychotics had a higher overall incidence (5663 vs. 787 for typical), but typical antipsychotics showed stronger associations with specific oral issues (ROR\u2009=\u20092.2 vs. 1.6 for atypical). The most commonly reported effects were disturbances in salivary flow, including xerostomia and hypersalivation. Olanzapine and quetiapine were linked to dry mouth (ROR\u2009=\u20091.8 and 3.0) and tooth loss (ROR\u2009=\u20091.7 and 1.8). Clozapine had the highest number of reports (1619) and ROR (33.1) for hypersalivation. Disproportionality analysis revealed significant associations with orofacial dyskinesia for all antipsychotics, except clozapine. Aripiprazole had the highest ROR (13.7) for orofacial dyskinesia and was linked to a swollen tongue in patients aged \u2264\u200917\u2009years (12 cases, ROR\u2009=\u20093.6). No sex-based differences were identified.",
    "title": "Oral Adverse Effects of Antipsychotic Medications: A Case/Noncase Analysis of EudraVigilance Data.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788502d040e0>"
}