{
    "abstract": "The prevalence of hearing loss (HL) in children infected with HIV/AIDS is not well studied. Even fewer studies focus on stable HIV-infected children treated with high-effective antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We aim to compare the prevalence of ear disease and HL in HAART-treated, HIV\u00a0+\u00a0children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia with a well, similarly-aged elementary school population with unknown HIV status (HIVU).\nChildren underwent standard head and neck examination and cerumen removal by board certified otolaryngologists. Next, certified audiologists performed hearing screening with pure-tone audiometry using a circumaural headset but without an ambient noise reducing environment. Children failing audiometric screening underwent full behavioral audiometry including air and bone testing. The primary outcome parameter was HL\u00a0>\u00a025\u00a0dB with the audiologist accounting for background noise. A second endpoint was PTA >40\u00a0dB (500, 1000, 2000\u00a0Hz) without assessment of background noise.\n107 HIV+ and 147 HIVU children met inclusion criteria. In the HIV\u00a0+\u00a0cohort 17.8% had evidence of TM perforations and 8.4% had otorrhea. In the HIVU group 2.7% had a TM perforation and 0% had otorrhea. Hearing was significantly worse in HIV\u00a0+\u00a0children. (Audiologist determination: 38.3% HL HIV+, 12.2% HIVU, Fisher's-Exact-Test OR: 4.5, 95% CI 2.4-8.3, p-value <0.0001; Worse-hearing-ear PTA\u00a0>\u00a040\u00a0dB: 19.6% HL HIV+, 6.1% HIVU, OR: 3.7, 95% CI 1.7-8.4, p-value <0.001).\nChronic OM, conductive and mixed hearing losses are significantly more common in HAART-treated HIV\u00a0+\u00a0children than in well, similarly-aged controls. Rates of SNHL are similar.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.",
            "firstname": "Alden F",
            "initials": "AF",
            "lastname": "Smith"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.",
            "firstname": "David C",
            "initials": "DC",
            "lastname": "Ianacone"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Otolaryngology, Gelre Ziekenhuizen, Zutphen, The Netherlands.",
            "firstname": "Robbert J H",
            "initials": "RJH",
            "lastname": "Ensink"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Otolaryngology, Addis Ababa University School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.",
            "firstname": "Abebe",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Melaku"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.",
            "firstname": "Margaretha L",
            "initials": "ML",
            "lastname": "Casselbrant"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Departments of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery and Pediatrics, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: glenn.isaacson@temple.edu.",
            "firstname": "Glenn",
            "initials": "G",
            "lastname": "Isaacson"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.04.050",
    "journal": "International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology",
    "keywords": [
        "Chronic otitis media",
        "Global medicine",
        "HAART",
        "HIV",
        "Tympanic perforation"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2017-06-07",
    "pubmed_id": "28583495",
    "results": "107 HIV+ and 147 HIVU children met inclusion criteria. In the HIV\u00a0+\u00a0cohort 17.8% had evidence of TM perforations and 8.4% had otorrhea. In the HIVU group 2.7% had a TM perforation and 0% had otorrhea. Hearing was significantly worse in HIV\u00a0+\u00a0children. (Audiologist determination: 38.3% HL HIV+, 12.2% HIVU, Fisher's-Exact-Test OR: 4.5, 95% CI 2.4-8.3, p-value <0.0001; Worse-hearing-ear PTA\u00a0>\u00a040\u00a0dB: 19.6% HL HIV+, 6.1% HIVU, OR: 3.7, 95% CI 1.7-8.4, p-value <0.001).",
    "title": "Prevalence of hearing-loss among HAART-treated children in the Horn of Africa.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788504df0a90>"
}