{
    "abstract": "Fetal loss is possible during pregnancy in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Predicting pregnancy outcomes for women with SLE can be an effective aid in providing consultation and treatment services. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a machine-learning model that could predict pregnancy outcomes before pregnancy in women with SLE.\nThe data of all pregnant women referred to the rheumatology center of Shariati Hospital and a specialized rheumatology clinic since 1980 were retrospectively collected from their medical records. Data collection was done by gathering 26 variables that affect pregnancy outcomes. Then, we used standard algorithms to select important features that affect pregnancy outcomes before pregnancy (11 different feature sets). A variety of machine learning algorithms were trained using both imbalanced and balanced datasets in Clementine and Weka software. Finally, the model with a higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and F-score was selected to predict pregnancy outcomes.\nOut of 149 pregnancies, 46 pregnancies resulted in spontaneous abortion, while 103 pregnancies resulted in live birth. Compared with other models, the Chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree was selected as the best-performing model with higher accuracy (93.5\u00a0%), specificity (92.9\u00a0%), sensitivity (93.8\u00a0%), precision (97\u00a0%), F-score (0.95), and AUC (0.96).\nBy using the CHAID decision tree to predict the outcome of pregnancy in women with SLE and extracted rules, it is possible to use appropriate methods that prevent spontaneous abortion and also provide timely consultation to women with SLE for making decisions to become pregnant.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Independent Researcher, Tabriz, Iran.",
            "firstname": "Khadijeh",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Paydar"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.\nDepartment of Health Information Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.\nDigital Health and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Research Unit, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.",
            "firstname": "Abbas",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Sheikhtaheri"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "By using the CHAID decision tree to predict the outcome of pregnancy in women with SLE and extracted rules, it is possible to use appropriate methods that prevent spontaneous abortion and also provide timely consultation to women with SLE for making decisions to become pregnant.",
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2025 The Authors.",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42679\n10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.09.002\n10.22038/ijogi.2019.12320\n10.1111/j.1756-185X.2010.01547.x\n10.1016/j.berh.2006.04.003\n10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023849\n10.2147/IJWH.S282604\n10.1111/1756-185X.12524\n10.1186/s13104-020-05039-9\n10.1016/j.ajog.2005.02.063\n10.1186/s12911-021-01486-x\n10.1016/S1028-4559(09)60208-4\n10.3109/14767058.2011.572310\n10.1007/s12016-011-8269-8\n10.1136/pmj.77.905.157\n10.1016/0002-9343(84)90538-2\n10.4103/0973-3698.194547\n10.1177/0961203320944503\n10.1007/s12016-019-08762-9\n10.1186/s43166-022-00131-3\n10.3390/diagnostics13040612\n10.1038/s41598-023-35333-y\n10.1186/s12911-021-01497-8\n10.3390/diagnostics12122979\n10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2016.10.018\n10.7150/ijms.8.577\n10.1191/0961203305lu2072oa\n10.1016/j.berh.2009.04.004\n10.1177/0961203313504637\n10.1136/lupus-2015-000095\n10.7326/M14-2235\n10.1097/OGX.0b013e318239e1ee\n10.1002/art.22159\n10.1177/0961203310378669\n10.2215/CJN.00240110\n10.1177/0961203312444172\n10.1016/j.ejr.2012.04.004\n10.1016/j.jaut.2011.11.010\n10.1016/j.tjog.2014.04.003\n10.1111/1756-185X.12542\n10.1002/art.22159\n10.1016/s0165-0378(02)00085-2\n10.1097/00006205-200604000-00002\n10.1136/ard.2004.030221\n10.1016/j.clim.2013.05.006\n10.1016/j.semarthrit.2005.05.002\n10.1177/0961203314555352\n10.1007/s10067-014-2686-z\n10.1136/lupus-2014-000020\n10.1097/GCO.0b013e32800ff5c5\n10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.106.075895\n10.1182/asheducation-2009.1.233\n10.1007/s11695-019-03849-w\n10.3390/jpm13010001\n10.3390/electronics11193240\n10.1155/2023/3668689\n10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.977\n10.3233/SHTI220362\n10.1016/j.jbi.2023.104549",
    "journal": "Heliyon",
    "keywords": [
        "Artificial intelligence",
        "Data mining",
        "Machine learning",
        "Neonate",
        "Pregnancy outcome",
        "Systemic lupus erythematosus"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-03-05",
    "pubmed_id": "40040993\n31677989\n21199473\n16979532\n30755448\n35210867\n25545844\n32228711\n15970846\n33845834\n17197351\n21504337\n21394426\n11222822\n6496544\n32741300\n31444781\n36832100\n37225782\n33874944\n36552986\n27919382\n22022210\n15751819\n19591786\n24098002\n26688740\n26098843\n22112525\n17075810\n20947541\n20688887\n5038771\n22635230\n22204899\n25017256\n25546582\n17075810\n12892901\n16607204\n15760930\n23773975\n16194696\n25305214\n24894105\n25360323\n17099331\n18259046\n16225027\n20008203\n8153404\n31028626\n36675662\n39473986\n35592975\n37984548",
    "results": "Out of 149 pregnancies, 46 pregnancies resulted in spontaneous abortion, while 103 pregnancies resulted in live birth. Compared with other models, the Chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree was selected as the best-performing model with higher accuracy (93.5\u00a0%), specificity (92.9\u00a0%), sensitivity (93.8\u00a0%), precision (97\u00a0%), F-score (0.95), and AUC (0.96).",
    "title": "Prediction of pregnancy outcomes in women with systemic lupus erythematosus before pregnancy: Application of machine learning models.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788501d79bc0>"
}