{
    "abstract": "The compound 2-undecanone is widely distributed in the natural environment and exhibits a dual-action mechanism against nematodes. It demonstrates repellency and contact toxicity against both Caenorhabditis elegans and Meloidogyne incognita. However, research on the dual-function mechanism of 2-undecanone remains relatively limited. In this study, using chemotaxis experiments, we found that 2-undecanone (at concentrations of 1-5\u00a0mg/mL) signal is detected through AWB olfactory sensory neurons in nematode, and then transduced through the cGMP pathway to induce repellent behavior. Moreover, we observed that 2-undecanone (at concentrations of 0.06-0.08\u00a0mg/mL) induces intracellular calcium accumulation and causes lysosomal membrane rupture. We further identified Hsp70 A and V-ATPase A as the targets of 2-undecanone responsible for its contact killing effect. Furthermore, 2-undecanone was found to alter sphingomyelin metabolism in both wild-type C. elegans and hsp-1 mutants. This alteration led to decreased acid sphingomyelinase activity, reduced ceramide levels, and increased sphingomyelin levels. These results indicated that 2-undecanone has dual functions and two target receptors Hsp70 A and V-ATPase A against nematodes, and one AWB olfactory neuron repelled nematodes. The dual-action mode of 2-undecanone can decrease the nematodes' tolerance to the compound appropriately, extending its efficacy duration. Understanding the dual function mechanism of action of 2-undecanone will aid in devising innovative approaches for managing nematode control.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.",
            "firstname": "Wei",
            "initials": "W",
            "lastname": "Dai"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China.",
            "firstname": "Yile",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Zhai"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.",
            "firstname": "Fan",
            "initials": "F",
            "lastname": "Yang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.",
            "firstname": "Wen",
            "initials": "W",
            "lastname": "Chen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.",
            "firstname": "Chen",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Liu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.",
            "firstname": "Yaru",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Tian"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.",
            "firstname": "Feng",
            "initials": "F",
            "lastname": "Huang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.",
            "firstname": "Minmin",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Cai"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.",
            "firstname": "Longyu",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "Zheng"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China.",
            "firstname": "Wanli",
            "initials": "W",
            "lastname": "Cheng"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, 99164-6430, Pullman, USA.",
            "firstname": "Weidong",
            "initials": "W",
            "lastname": "Chen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. zhangjb@mail.hzau.edu.cn.",
            "firstname": "Jibin",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Zhang"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2025. The Author(s).",
    "doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-95332-z",
    "journal": "Scientific reports",
    "keywords": [
        "C. elegans",
        "2-Undecanone",
        "Hsp70 A",
        "Lysosome integrity",
        "Repellent olfaction",
        "V-ATPase A."
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-04-24",
    "pubmed_id": "40269070\n38071833\n39112511\n20733068\n27446188\n28087696\n29176679\n29414856\n16281027\n30792215\n34086368\n36511721\n31768005\n22335796\n30125440\n24984038\n20094062\n33462191\n25074941\n27810910\n31312190\n10421632\n18050433\n24189094\n27660389\n33263920\n10759025\n22246324\n23921551\n22229126\n29211715\n29611115\n18701486\n20111001\n18293363\n22224661\n28403192\n35316614\n30268676\n12221139\n29168500\n16005300\n24029234\n19772886\n27306474\n20637717\n16402360\n4366476\n23935448\n15070744\n22981770\n24828042\n16084395\n21812660\n12828945\n17889653\n22822152\n12633609",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Different concentrations of 2-Undecanone triggers repellent and nematicidal responses in Caenorhabditis elegans.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788505c0ade0>"
}