{
    "abstract": "While active monitoring of adolescent menstrual and mental health is advocated, research on their possible bidirectional relationship is limited. This study examines the association between adolescent dysmenorrhea and psychological symptoms.\nCross-sectional study.\n116 schools in Stockholm, Sweden.\n1054 postmenarchal school girls (mean age 14.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7) randomly sampled from a population of 10\u2009299 lower-secondary pupils in a school-based project.\nA self-report health survey assessed psychological symptoms using validated instruments. A multiple-choice item identified dysmenorrhea (menstrual pain affecting everyday life) and severe dysmenorrhea (dysmenorrhea that is hard to cope with).\nPrevalence of dysmenorrhea and severe dysmenorrhea in girls with and without symptoms of depression (Beck's Depression Inventory-II score \u2265\u200920), anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale score \u2265\u200910), self-injury (\u2265\u20093 instances on a modified Deliberate Self-harm Inventory), and suicide ideation (recent serious thoughts/plans on the Paykel Suicide Scale).\nOverall, 55.1% reported dysmenorrhea while 11.7% reported severe dysmenorrhea. Prevalence was 29%-34% higher among girls with psychological symptoms compared to those without. Severe dysmenorrhea was significantly more frequent among girls with any symptom (prevalence ratio [PR] 2.25; 95% CI 1.61, 3.13), depression (PR 2.60; 95% CI 1.86, 3.63), anxiety (PR 2.89; 95% CI 2.09, 4.00), self-injury (PR 1.87; 95% CI 1.29, 2.71), and suicide ideation (PR 1.75; 95% CI 1.18, 2.58) compared to girls without the same manifestations. These findings were consistent after adjustments for age, age of menarche, country of birth, and hormonal contraception.\nThese findings emphasise the need for integrated approaches to adolescent menstrual and mental health care.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.\nDepartment of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.\nStockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.",
            "firstname": "Pietro",
            "initials": "P",
            "lastname": "Gambadauro"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.\nStockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.",
            "firstname": "Gerg\u00f6",
            "initials": "G",
            "lastname": "Hadlaczky"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.",
            "firstname": "Danuta",
            "initials": "D",
            "lastname": "Wasserman"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.\nStockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.",
            "firstname": "Vladimir",
            "initials": "V",
            "lastname": "Carli"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.",
    "doi": "10.1111/1471-0528.18187",
    "journal": "BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology",
    "keywords": [
        "adolescence",
        "anxiety",
        "chronic pain",
        "depression",
        "dysmenorrhea",
        "menarche",
        "menstrual health",
        "mental health",
        "self\u2010injurious behaviour",
        "suicidal ideation"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-04-24",
    "pubmed_id": "40270448",
    "results": "Overall, 55.1% reported dysmenorrhea while 11.7% reported severe dysmenorrhea. Prevalence was 29%-34% higher among girls with psychological symptoms compared to those without. Severe dysmenorrhea was significantly more frequent among girls with any symptom (prevalence ratio [PR] 2.25; 95% CI 1.61, 3.13), depression (PR 2.60; 95% CI 1.86, 3.63), anxiety (PR 2.89; 95% CI 2.09, 4.00), self-injury (PR 1.87; 95% CI 1.29, 2.71), and suicide ideation (PR 1.75; 95% CI 1.18, 2.58) compared to girls without the same manifestations. These findings were consistent after adjustments for age, age of menarche, country of birth, and hormonal contraception.",
    "title": "Dysmenorrhea and Adolescent Mental Health: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x7885037b4ae0>"
}