{
    "abstract": "Cerebral sinus thrombosis, which constitutes a small percentage of all strokes, usually affects young individuals and can lead to venous stroke. Ischemic and hemorrhagic Stroke are associated with Spreading Depolarization (SD) waves in brain tissue, which propagate through the affected areas and cause a transient disruption of ionic homeostasis and neuronal function. This interaction highlights the complexity of the neurological consequences associated with SD. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of SDs following the occlusion of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) in a gyrencephalic model, specifically swine. To instigate an occlusion, we surgically clipped the middle third of the SSS. The animals were grouped and monitored using one of three methods: electrocorticography (ECoG) alone, ECoG with intrinsic optical signal (IOS) imaging, or ECoG in conjunction with laser speckle contrast and oxygen imaging (LSCI). Post-mortem, the brains were analyzed using 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining to check for venous infarction. Our results confirmed the spontaneous occurrence of SDs in the gyrencephalic swine brain after SSS occlusion, which was detectable via all monitoring methodologies. SD activity was most frequent in the first hour post-occlusion, subsequently diminishing. IOS imaging identified four unique hemodynamic responses, while TTC staining indicated no infarction. This research is the first to document SDs in the gyrencephalic swine brain following SSS occlusion, laying the groundwork for future investigations in both animal models and human clinical studies.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Neurosurgery, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Marienstra\u00dfe 11, 26121, Oldenburg, Germany.",
            "firstname": "Renan",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Sanchez-Porras"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.\nDepartment of Acute Neurology/Early Neurological Rehabilitation, Kliniken Schmieder Allensbach, Allensbach, Germany.",
            "firstname": "Francisco L",
            "initials": "FL",
            "lastname": "Ram\u00edrez-Cuapio"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.",
            "firstname": "Mildred A",
            "initials": "MA",
            "lastname": "Guti\u00e9rrez-Herrera"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Faculty of medicine, Universidad Veracruzana, campus Minatitl\u00e1n, Veracruz, Mexico.",
            "firstname": "\u00c1ngel Alberto",
            "initials": "\u00c1A",
            "lastname": "Puig-Lagunes"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Neuroradiologische Klinik, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.",
            "firstname": "Pablo",
            "initials": "P",
            "lastname": "Albi\u00f1a-Palmarola"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Neurosurgery, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Marienstra\u00dfe 11, 26121, Oldenburg, Germany.",
            "firstname": "Juan M",
            "initials": "JM",
            "lastname": "L\u00f3pez-Navarro"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Neurosurgery, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Marienstra\u00dfe 11, 26121, Oldenburg, Germany.",
            "firstname": "Marcos Alejandro",
            "initials": "MA",
            "lastname": "Su\u00e1rez-Guti\u00e9rrez"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.",
            "firstname": "Roberto",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "D\u00edaz-Peregrino"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Neurosurgery, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Marienstra\u00dfe 11, 26121, Oldenburg, Germany.",
            "firstname": "Diego A",
            "initials": "DA",
            "lastname": "Sandoval-Lopez"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Neurosurgery & Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen Medical School & Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.",
            "firstname": "Gregor",
            "initials": "G",
            "lastname": "Fischer"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Spine Center Stuttgart, Diakonie-Klinikum Stuttgart, Paulinenhilfe, Stuttgart, Germany.",
            "firstname": "Farzam",
            "initials": "F",
            "lastname": "Vazifehdan"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Neurosurgery, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Marienstra\u00dfe 11, 26121, Oldenburg, Germany.",
            "firstname": "Johannes",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Woitzik"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Neurosurgery, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Marienstra\u00dfe 11, 26121, Oldenburg, Germany. dredgarsantos@hotmail.com.\nSpine Center Stuttgart, Diakonie-Klinikum Stuttgart, Paulinenhilfe, Stuttgart, Germany. dredgarsantos@hotmail.com.",
            "firstname": "Edgar",
            "initials": "E",
            "lastname": "Santos"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2025. The Author(s).",
    "doi": "10.1186/s12959-025-00689-w",
    "journal": "Thrombosis journal",
    "keywords": [
        "Cerebral venous occlusion",
        "Electrocorticography (ECoG)",
        "Intrinsic optical signal imaging (IOS)",
        "Laser speckle contrast and oxygen imaging (LSCI)",
        "Spreading depolarizations (SDs)",
        "Superior sagittal sinus (SSS)"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-02-13",
    "pubmed_id": "39940023\n36277910\n33743411\n31309022\n25878733\n26207231\n23671256\n29673289\n28121215\n31940093\n36722153\n35798091\n27126324\n24796257\n27677673\n31888772\n27683450\n27317657\n21624475\n23507389\n21475241\n16364954\n11750926\n21478187\n11595007\n21045864\n32958591\n30187001\n29039017\n32353818\n32550840\n33850125\n31755112\n24646670\n1607953\n16967263\n33923100\n32911769\n19665793\n23830500\n10716901\n20660268\n35257321\n27356551\n23223504\n26586606\n27389181\n29900326\n28966642\n21527759\n22474313\n27207168\n26133935\n23967075\n27328690\n22008729\n11823677\n24852458",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Characterization of spreading depolarizations in swine following superior sagittal sinus occlusion: a novel gyrencephalic model study.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788506b67650>"
}