{
    "abstract": "The third stage of labor begins with the baby's birth and ends with the expulsion of the placenta and embryonic membranes. The prolongation of the third stage of labor, placental retention, subsequent issues such as postpartum hemorrhage, and manual removal of the placenta have adverse outcomes, which eventually affect the positive experience of delivery. The present study aimed to assess the effect of placental cord drainage on the duration of the third stage of labor and to clarify its effects on postpartum hemorrhage, retained placenta, and incidence of manual removal of placenta.\nThis study was a parallel-group randomized trial. Four hundred women in the third stage of labor after vaginal delivery were randomized into the drainage (placenta drainage, n\u2009=\u2009200) and the control groups (no placenta drainage, n\u2009=\u2009200). In both groups, the third stage of labor was performed with the active method, and the placenta was removed using the Brandt-Andrews maneuver with maternal pushing. The duration of the third stage was compared between the two groups as the primary outcome. Also, the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage, retained placenta, and manual removal of placenta was compared.\nIn all, 175 women in the drainage group and 165 women in the control group were included in the analysis. The third stage of labor was significantly shorter after placental cord drainage. The mean duration of the third stage was 7.09\u2009\u00b1\u20091.01\u2009minutes in the drainage group, and it was 10.43\u2009\u00b1\u20093.20\u2009minutes in the control group (P\u2009<\u20090.001). Postpartum hemorrhage, retained placenta, and incidence of manual removal of placenta in the drainage group was significantly less than in the control group.\nPlacental cord drainage is a simple and non-invasive method of reducing the duration of the third stage of labor. This method does not increase postpartum complications.\nIRCT2014041917341N1 , retrospectively registered at 15. 10. 2017.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Midwifery, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. karimi_nazli@yahoo.com.",
            "firstname": "Nazi",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Karimi"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Faculty of Humanity Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.",
            "firstname": "Ghazaleh",
            "initials": "G",
            "lastname": "Molaee"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Community Health Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.",
            "firstname": "Najimeh",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Tarkesh Esfahani"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Population Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. montazeri@acecr.ac.ir.\nFaculty of Humanity Sciences, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran. montazeri@acecr.ac.ir.",
            "firstname": "Ali",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Montazeri"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "Placental cord drainage is a simple and non-invasive method of reducing the duration of the third stage of labor. This method does not increase postpartum complications.",
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2022. The Author(s).",
    "doi": "10.1186/s12884-022-04877-8\n10.1097/01.AOG.0000151993.83276.70\n10.1007/s00404-004-0619-9\n10.1097/01.AOG.0000277262.80793.0d\n10.1371/journal.pone.0195650\n10.21608/mjcu.2020.105129\n10.1007/s00404-004-0619-9\n10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb13236.x\n10.1038/s41598-017-07722-7",
    "journal": "BMC pregnancy and childbirth",
    "keywords": [
        "Manual removal of placenta",
        "Placental cord drainage",
        "Postpartum hemorrhage",
        "Retained placenta",
        "Third stage of labor"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2022-07-20",
    "pubmed_id": "35850666\n19374293\n15684154\n15034720\n17766607\n31853104\n29718920\n21901693\n21250397\n9518951\n15034720\n10740337\n25111038\n28765609\n26269880\n35502141",
    "results": "In all, 175 women in the drainage group and 165 women in the control group were included in the analysis. The third stage of labor was significantly shorter after placental cord drainage. The mean duration of the third stage was 7.09\u2009\u00b1\u20091.01\u2009minutes in the drainage group, and it was 10.43\u2009\u00b1\u20093.20\u2009minutes in the control group (P\u2009<\u20090.001). Postpartum hemorrhage, retained placenta, and incidence of manual removal of placenta in the drainage group was significantly less than in the control group.",
    "title": "Placental cord drainage and its outcomes at third stage of labor: a randomized controlled trial.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788502a9cd10>"
}