{
    "abstract": "In rabbits, pigs, cows and humans, pre-ovulatory Graafian follicles may be more than 1.0\u2009\u00b0C cooler than ovarian stroma and both these ovarian compartments are cooler than deep rectal temperatures. This study examines the effect of follicular cooling on the incidence of pregnancy in dairy cows.\nFollicular measurements were compiled for cows with one ovulatory follicle (monovular) and cows with one ovulatory follicle per ovary (bi-ovular) and their corresponding uterine horn contents. The study sample consisted of 80 pre-ovulatory follicles in which antral temperatures were measured using a fine thermistor probe.\nMean (\u00b1 S.D.) follicular fluid temperature of the ovulating follicles was 1.12\u2009\u00b1\u20090.86\u2009\u00b0C significantly cooler (P\u2009<\u20090.0001) than rectal temperatures. No significant differences in temperatures were found for non-ovulating follicles. In follicles undergoing cooling (n\u2009=\u200958), a one-tenth of a degree drop in temperature with reference to control rectal temperature gave rise to a 3.6-fold increase (odds ratio) in the pregnancy rate (P\u2009=\u20090.003). The follicle-rectum temperature differential giving rise to pregnancy (n\u2009=\u200918; 1.51\u2009\u00b1\u20091.15\u2009\u00b0C) was significantly greater (P\u2009=\u20090.004) than the differential recorded in cooling follicles at that did not result in a subsequent pregnancy (n\u2009=\u200940; 0.83\u2009\u00b1\u20090.57\u2009\u00b0C).\nFollicular cooling is needed to trigger ovulation and correlates positively with the potential for pregnancy in cows. This finding has interesting implications for human reproductive medicine.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Agrotecnio Centre, University of Lleida, Avda. Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida and Transfer in Bovine Reproduction SLu, 22300, Barbastro, Spain. Electronic address: lopezgatiusf@gmail.com.",
            "firstname": "Fernando",
            "initials": "F",
            "lastname": "L\u00f3pez-Gatius"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Sidney Sussex College, University of Cambridge and Ladfield, Oxnam, Jedburgh TD8 6RJ, UK.",
            "firstname": "Ronald H F",
            "initials": "RHF",
            "lastname": "Hunter"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "Follicular cooling is needed to trigger ovulation and correlates positively with the potential for pregnancy in cows. This finding has interesting implications for human reproductive medicine.",
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.jogoh.2019.03.005",
    "journal": "Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction",
    "keywords": [
        "Heat stress",
        "Ovine",
        "Ovulation failure",
        "Temperature gradients"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2019-03-25",
    "pubmed_id": "30902764",
    "results": "Mean (\u00b1 S.D.) follicular fluid temperature of the ovulating follicles was 1.12\u2009\u00b1\u20090.86\u2009\u00b0C significantly cooler (P\u2009<\u20090.0001) than rectal temperatures. No significant differences in temperatures were found for non-ovulating follicles. In follicles undergoing cooling (n\u2009=\u200958), a one-tenth of a degree drop in temperature with reference to control rectal temperature gave rise to a 3.6-fold increase (odds ratio) in the pregnancy rate (P\u2009=\u20090.003). The follicle-rectum temperature differential giving rise to pregnancy (n\u2009=\u200918; 1.51\u2009\u00b1\u20091.15\u2009\u00b0C) was significantly greater (P\u2009=\u20090.004) than the differential recorded in cooling follicles at that did not result in a subsequent pregnancy (n\u2009=\u200940; 0.83\u2009\u00b1\u20090.57\u2009\u00b0C).",
    "title": "Pre-ovulatory follicular cooling correlates positively with the potential for pregnancy in dairy cows: Implications for human IVF.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788506d90ae0>"
}