{
    "abstract": "A pan-European, prospective, observational study on the use of irinotecan-eluting transarterial chemoembolisation (irinotecan-TACE) was conducted to evaluate effectiveness outcomes in salvage and post-inductive/consolidation therapy settings of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLMs).\nOne hundred and fifty-two patients were consecutively enrolled between February 2018 and August 2020. All patients received irinotecan-TACE for CRLMs. Response data were assessed by a central independent image review panel according to RECIST v1.1. Prognostic factors for overall survival (OS), hepatic progression-free survival (HPFS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated using multivariable Cox regression. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at the first follow-up was assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30).\nOne hundred and fifty-two (median age 66 years, 61% male) patients were prospectively enrolled. Overall, the median OS was 14.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 11.6-17.0 months]. The median OS (95% CI) of irinotecan-TACE as salvage therapy was 9.9 months (7.4-12.8 months) and the median PFS was 3.8 months (2.9-4.7 months). The median OS for post-inductive/consolidation therapy when used with systemic therapy or thermal ablation was 19.1 months (16.2-24.2 months), the median PFS was 6.0 months (4.5-8.7 months), and the median HPFS was 8.7 months (6.9-10.6 months).Following a multivariable analysis, negative prognostic factors for OS were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status \u22652 [hazard ratio (HR) 4.3], >50 mm lesion size (HR 2.1), progressive extrahepatic disease (HR 2.0), \u22652 prior systemic therapy lines (HR 2.4), >50% liver involvement (HR 8.5), and treatment plan not completed (HR 2.0). For PFS, progressive disease outside the liver (HR 1.8) and liver involvement of 25%-50% (HR 2.0) or >50% (HR 3.4) were identified as negative prognostic factors. HRQoL was generally stable or improved overall.\nThe results from the largest, pan-European, real-life study on irinotecan-TACE for CRLMs show a comparably long median OS when used as salvage therapy and promising HPFS when used with systemic therapy or thermal ablation as post-inductive/consolidation therapy. With its potential to maintain HRQoL, irinotecan-TACE could be further integrated into systemic treatment pathways.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Asklepios Tumor Centre Hamburg, AK Altona, Hamburg, Germany.",
            "firstname": "D",
            "initials": "D",
            "lastname": "Arnold"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "SLK-Kliniken Heilbronn GmbH, Center for Radiology, Minimally Invasive Therapies and Nuclear Medicine, Heilbronn, Germany.",
            "firstname": "P L",
            "initials": "PL",
            "lastname": "Pereira"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Radiological Sciences, Institute of Radiology, \"A. Gemelli\" Hospital - Catholic University, Rome, Italy.",
            "firstname": "R",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Iezzi"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, General City Hospital \"8th September\", Skopje, North Macedonia.",
            "firstname": "A",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Gjoreski"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Interventional Radiology Unit, 2nd Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece.",
            "firstname": "S",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Spiliopoulos"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Institute for Radiology, Neuroradiology and Minimally Invasive Therapy, Munich Klinik Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany.",
            "firstname": "T",
            "initials": "T",
            "lastname": "Helmberger"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Radiology, Hospital Cl\u00ednic de Barcelona, Radiodiagnosis Service, Barcelona, Spain.",
            "firstname": "F M",
            "initials": "FM",
            "lastname": "Gomez"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Interventional Radiology, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France.",
            "firstname": "T",
            "initials": "T",
            "lastname": "de Ba\u00e8re"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris-Cit\u00e9, Paris Hospitals Public Assistance Vascular and Oncological Interventional Radiology Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France.",
            "firstname": "O",
            "initials": "O",
            "lastname": "Pellerin"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Radiology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.",
            "firstname": "G",
            "initials": "G",
            "lastname": "Maleux"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Oncology Department, UZ Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium.",
            "firstname": "H",
            "initials": "H",
            "lastname": "Prenen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Liver Unit, Clinica Universidad de Navarra-IDISNA and CIBEREHD, Pamplona, Spain.",
            "firstname": "B",
            "initials": "B",
            "lastname": "Sangro"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Clinical Research Department, Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: zeka@cirse.org.",
            "firstname": "B",
            "initials": "B",
            "lastname": "Zeka"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Clinical Research Department, Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe, Vienna, Austria.",
            "firstname": "N C",
            "initials": "NC",
            "lastname": "Kaufmann"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Hepatogastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, Public Assistance Paris Hospitals, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris-Cit\u00e9, Paris, France.",
            "firstname": "J",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Taieb"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.esmoop.2025.104292",
    "journal": "ESMO open",
    "keywords": [
        "CRLM",
        "TACE",
        "chemoembolisation",
        "interventional radiology"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-02-16",
    "pubmed_id": "39954388\n37678799\n36307056\n17947725\n19152449\n17470858\n37133585\n37366880\n36812939\n28738235\n29946728\n17030118\n20610183\n27993355\n23885916\n34302208\n35029709\n26711640\n26149602\n32507854\n34318754\n32620520\n32974773\n36294499\n25503155\n36672489\n25799948\n22493375\n22199334\n37337059\n26090075\n28160267\n32111770\n27354601\n28807246\n30337148\n20740319\n25017379\n27857020\n37760572\n29452346\n27389564\n27466548\n28894015\n36239883\n36028552\n32816155\n33959196\n34594424\n31999945\n33838596\n28911067\n26940686\n26361971\n28979720\n18210761\n36937414",
    "results": "One hundred and fifty-two (median age 66 years, 61% male) patients were prospectively enrolled. Overall, the median OS was 14.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 11.6-17.0 months]. The median OS (95% CI) of irinotecan-TACE as salvage therapy was 9.9 months (7.4-12.8 months) and the median PFS was 3.8 months (2.9-4.7 months). The median OS for post-inductive/consolidation therapy when used with systemic therapy or thermal ablation was 19.1 months (16.2-24.2 months), the median PFS was 6.0 months (4.5-8.7 months), and the median HPFS was 8.7 months (6.9-10.6 months).Following a multivariable analysis, negative prognostic factors for OS were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status \u22652 [hazard ratio (HR) 4.3], >50 mm lesion size (HR 2.1), progressive extrahepatic disease (HR 2.0), \u22652 prior systemic therapy lines (HR 2.4), >50% liver involvement (HR 8.5), and treatment plan not completed (HR 2.0). For PFS, progressive disease outside the liver (HR 1.8) and liver involvement of 25%-50% (HR 2.0) or >50% (HR 3.4) were identified as negative prognostic factors. HRQoL was generally stable or improved overall.",
    "title": "Transarterial chemoembolisation with irinotecan (irinotecan-TACE) as salvage or post-inductive therapy for colorectal cancer liver metastases: effectiveness results from the CIREL study.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x7885043da930>"
}