{
    "abstract": "Antifibrinolytic medications have been associated with reduced mortality in pediatric hemorrhage but may contribute to adverse events such as acute kidney injury (AKI).\nWe conducted a secondary analysis of the MAssive Transfusion in Children (MATIC), a prospectively collected database of children with life-threatening hemorrhage (LTH), and evaluated for risk of adverse events with either antifibrinolytic treatment, epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) or tranexamic acid (TXA). The primary outcome was AKI and secondary outcomes were acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis.\nOf 448 children included, median (interquartile range) age was 7 (2-15) years, 55% were male, and LTH etiology was 46% trauma, 34% operative, and 20% medical. Three hundred and ninety-three patients did not receive an antifibrinolytic (88%); 37 (8%) received TXA and 18 (4%) received EACA. Sixty-seven (17.1%) patients in the no antifibrinolytic group developed AKI, 6 (16.2%) patients in the TXA group, and 9 (50%) patients in the EACA group (p\u2009=\u2009.002). After adjusting for cardiothoracic surgery, cyanotic heart disease, preexisting renal disease, lowest hemoglobin pre-LTH, and total weight-adjusted transfusion volume during the LTH, the EACA group had increased risk of AKI (adjusted odds ratio 3.3 [95% CI: 1.0-10.3]) compared to no antifibrinolytic. TXA was not associated with AKI. Neither antifibrinolytic treatment was associated with ARDS or sepsis.\nAdministration of EACA during LTH may increase the risk of AKI. Additional studies are needed to compare the risk of AKI between EACA and TXA in pediatric patients.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.",
            "firstname": "Julia H",
            "initials": "JH",
            "lastname": "Kolodziej"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Trauma and Transfusion Medicine Center, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.",
            "firstname": "Christine M",
            "initials": "CM",
            "lastname": "Leeper"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.",
            "firstname": "Julie C",
            "initials": "JC",
            "lastname": "Leonard"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute, Blood Bank and Transfusion Medicine, Johns Hopkin All Children's Hospital, Florida, USA.",
            "firstname": "Cassandra D",
            "initials": "CD",
            "lastname": "Josephson"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Departments of Surgery, Epidemiology, and Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.",
            "firstname": "Mazen S",
            "initials": "MS",
            "lastname": "Zenati"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Trauma and Transfusion Medicine Center, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.\nDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.",
            "firstname": "Philip C",
            "initials": "PC",
            "lastname": "Spinella"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "Administration of EACA during LTH may increase the risk of AKI. Additional studies are needed to compare the risk of AKI between EACA and TXA in pediatric patients.",
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2023 AABB.",
    "doi": "10.1111/trf.17373",
    "journal": "Transfusion",
    "keywords": [
        "Hemostasis"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2023-04-19",
    "pubmed_id": "37070413",
    "results": "Of 448 children included, median (interquartile range) age was 7 (2-15) years, 55% were male, and LTH etiology was 46% trauma, 34% operative, and 20% medical. Three hundred and ninety-three patients did not receive an antifibrinolytic (88%); 37 (8%) received TXA and 18 (4%) received EACA. Sixty-seven (17.1%) patients in the no antifibrinolytic group developed AKI, 6 (16.2%) patients in the TXA group, and 9 (50%) patients in the EACA group (p\u2009=\u2009.002). After adjusting for cardiothoracic surgery, cyanotic heart disease, preexisting renal disease, lowest hemoglobin pre-LTH, and total weight-adjusted transfusion volume during the LTH, the EACA group had increased risk of AKI (adjusted odds ratio 3.3 [95% CI: 1.0-10.3]) compared to no antifibrinolytic. TXA was not associated with AKI. Neither antifibrinolytic treatment was associated with ARDS or sepsis.",
    "title": "Epsilon aminocaproic acid is associated with acute kidney injury after life-threatening hemorrhage in children.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788505693740>"
}