{
    "abstract": "The increasing frequency of cesarean sections (CS) has emerged as a significant public health concern, particularly in Pakistan. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of CS and its contributing factors among mothers in an underdeveloped region of the country. Data were collected from 250 delivery cases using a self-developed questionnaire. Among the participants, 110 (44%) had undergone CS, with 67 (60.9%) being emergency procedures and 43 (39.1%) elective. Statistical analysis revealed that younger maternal age (p = 0.04), type of CS (p = 0.05), and education level (p = 0.04) were significantly associated with higher rates of CS. Major medical risk factors contributing to CS included preeclampsia/eclampsia, vaginal hemorrhage, gestational diabetes, and hypertension (p < 0.001). Furthermore, urban residence, younger maternal age (20-24 years), and preterm gestational age were also identified as significant contributors. The findings suggest that the high rate of CS (44%) in the study population is influenced not only by physiological and medical factors but also by demographic elements such as education, income, and type of delivery. To mitigate unnecessary CS, community-focused educational interventions targeting at-risk populations should be implemented during pregnancy. Effective measures are essential to reduce the rising CS rates in Pakistan.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, PAK.",
            "firstname": "Ismail",
            "initials": "I",
            "lastname": "Jadoon"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, PAK.",
            "firstname": "Mudassir",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Khattak"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, PAK.",
            "firstname": "Khoula S",
            "initials": "KS",
            "lastname": "Mughal"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Medicine, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, PAK.",
            "firstname": "Umair S",
            "initials": "US",
            "lastname": "Mughal"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, PAK.",
            "firstname": "Majid",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Khan"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU.\nPharmacology, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU.",
            "firstname": "Saud A",
            "initials": "SA",
            "lastname": "Abdulsamad"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU.\nPharmacology, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU.",
            "firstname": "Abdulghani A",
            "initials": "AA",
            "lastname": "Naeem"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2024, Jadoon et al.",
    "doi": "10.7759/cureus.72333",
    "journal": "Cureus",
    "keywords": [
        "cesarean section",
        "determinants",
        "elective",
        "emergency",
        "haemorrhage",
        "perinatal mortality",
        "pre-eclampsia"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2024-11-25",
    "pubmed_id": "39583372\n29040316\n21547801\n21872239\n34130991\n34444565\n32292491\n33267787\n23684261\n33376704\n26334604\n24347730\n25550293\n32516321\n33708305\n31717627\n33407245\n30810436\n21646928\n29281645\n3214343",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Rising Cesarean Section Rates in Pakistan: Analyzing Frequency and Key Risk Factors in a Tertiary-Care Hospital.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788505728a40>"
}