{
    "abstract": "Most aspects of in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) have changed dramatically since introduction, but embryo transfer (ET) technique remains largely unaltered. We aimed to determine whether four-dimensional ultrasound guided embryo transfers (4D UGET) could improve pregnancy rates when compared with clinical touch technique (CTT). This was a single centre open labelled randomised controlled trial in a tertiary fertility centre in the UK. 320 women were randomised on the day of single ET. The primary outcome was clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), secondary outcomes included live birth rate (LBR), biochemical pregnancy rate (BPR), miscarriage, pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) and ectopic pregnancy. 4D-UGET resulted in significantly higher CPR [50% vs 36% p\u2009=\u20090.02, OR 1.78 (1.12-2.84)] and LBR [41% vs 28%, p\u2009=\u20090.02, OR 1.77 (1.09-2.87)] when compared to CTT technique. Miscarriage (p\u2009=\u20090.49), PUL (p\u2009=\u20090.14) and ectopic pregnancy (p\u2009=\u20090.96) were similar between the two groups. LBR, from this trial, are significantly higher than the current UK average (41% vs 24%). 4D UGET allows for superior imaging of the uterine cavity, whilst tailoring the embryo deposition point specifically to the patient. Further RCTs are required to determine if these results can be replicated in other units and whether 4D UGET is superior to 2D UGET.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Centre for Women's Health Research, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L8 7SS, UK.\nHewitt Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, L8 7SS, UK.",
            "firstname": "L",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "Nancarrow"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Centre for Women's Health Research, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L8 7SS, UK. ntempest@liverpool.ac.uk.\nHewitt Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, L8 7SS, UK. ntempest@liverpool.ac.uk.\nLiverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, L8 7SS, UK. ntempest@liverpool.ac.uk.",
            "firstname": "Nicola",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Tempest"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.",
            "firstname": "S",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Lane"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Hewitt Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, L8 7SS, UK.",
            "firstname": "R",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Homburg"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Hewitt Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, L8 7SS, UK.\nLiverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, L8 7SS, UK.",
            "firstname": "R",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Russell"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Centre for Women's Health Research, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L8 7SS, UK.\nLiverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, L8 7SS, UK.",
            "firstname": "D K",
            "initials": "DK",
            "lastname": "Hapangama"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2023. Springer Nature Limited.",
    "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-41313-z",
    "journal": "Scientific reports",
    "keywords": [],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2023-09-09",
    "pubmed_id": "37684296\n30053940\n3104395\n28366408\n32760812\n22976427\n11980731\n9194648\n20091584\n9740459\n24664129\n28089077\n26984325\n24744054\n18325883\n11169315\n16084896\n0\n19072489\n34198995\n30711373\n28366416\n32843310\n19878942\n19389895\n15970868\n27591231\n28609270\n18854110\n17425830\n11292989\n16500345\n26792140\n17298728\n1919263\n23171683\n8886677\n26000007\n26945096\n28620526",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Four-dimensional ultrasound guided embryo transfers improve live birth rates when compared to the clinical touch technique: a randomised controlled trial.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788502e4aac0>"
}