{
    "abstract": "The evaluation of disease progression in rats with severe pneumonia and septic shock relies on the expression of indicators in the lung, intestinal microenvironment, and serum. A rat model was created for this purpose and the serum samples were collected at various stages. The levels of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), surfactant protein A (SP-A), and tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) in the serum and SP-A in the alveolar lavage fluid were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA. Additionally, western blot was used to measure SP-A and TNF-\u03b1 levels in lung and intestinal tissues. The results indicated that early in severe pneumonia, intestinal damage was less than lung damage, but it worsened over time. SP-A expression in intestinal tissue rose within 12\u00a0h post-modeling and matched lung tissue after 24\u00a0h, showing a declining trend. After modeling, the serum levels of SP-A and TNF-\u03b1 were significantly higher than the control group. SP-A can indicate the health of the blood gas barriers and intestinal mucosal barriers. Tracking TNF-\u03b1 and SP-A levels during severe pneumonia can offer precise data on disease progression and prognosis.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China.",
            "firstname": "Jin",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Zhang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China.",
            "firstname": "Yangjia",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Deng"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China.",
            "firstname": "Guansheng",
            "initials": "G",
            "lastname": "Li"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China. sxp_1977@163.com.",
            "firstname": "Xiaoping",
            "initials": "X",
            "lastname": "Sun"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.",
    "doi": "10.1007/s12033-025-01438-0\n10.1016/j.molmed.2013.08.004\n10.1016/j.bbi.2017.06.018\n10.1007/s00134-011-2172-x\n10.1006/bbrc.1996.1270\n10.3389/fimmu.2020.622598\n10.3389/fimmu.2018.01261\n10.1007/s11655-019-3034-6\n10.3390/antibiotics9030109\n10.12659/MSM.917406\n10.1038/s41598-021-82219-y\n10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104652\n10.1097/SHK.0000000000000919\n10.1242/jcs.239194\n10.4014/jmb.1908.08057\n10.1371/journal.pone.0210979\n10.3389/fimmu.2012.00131\n10.1097/SHK.0000000000000587\n10.1152/ajpcell.00195.2020\n10.1074/jbc.270.20.12162",
    "journal": "Molecular biotechnology",
    "keywords": [
        "Intestinal tissue",
        "Lung tissue",
        "SP-A",
        "Severe pneumonia",
        "TNF-\u03b1"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-04-24",
    "pubmed_id": "40272735\n24055446\n28867282\n21400011\n8780709\n35222355\n29915598\n33259022\n32138210\n31907341\n33510368\n34974124\n28591009\n32694167\n30689633\n22701116\n26849628\n32639871\n7744866",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Interplay of Surfactant Protein A and Tumor Necrosis Factor \u03b1 in Lung and Intestinal Tissues of Rats with Severe Pneumonia.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788505bc2f20>"
}