{
    "abstract": "Epigenetic alterations at imprinted genes on different chromosomes have been linked to several imprinting disorders (IDs) such as Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1b (PHP1b). Here, we present a male patient with these two distinct IDs caused by two independent mechanisms-loss of methylation (LOM) at chromosome 11p15.5 associated with multi-locus imprinting disturbances (MLID and paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 20 (patUPD20). A clinical diagnosis of BWS was made based on the clinical features of macrosomia, macroglossia, and umbilical hernia. The diagnosis of PHP1b was supported by the presence of reduced growth velocity and mild learning disability as well as hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia at 14 years of age. Molecular analyses, including genome-wide DNA methylation (Illumina 450k array), bisulfite pyrosequencing, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and microsatellite analysis, demonstrated loss of methylation (LOM) at IC2 on chromosome 11p15.5, and paternal isodisomy of the entire chromosome 20. In addition, imprinting disturbances were noted at the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with ",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.",
            "firstname": "Sanaa",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Choufani"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.\nDepartment of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.",
            "firstname": "Jung Min",
            "initials": "JM",
            "lastname": "Ko"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.",
            "firstname": "Youliang",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Lou"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.",
            "firstname": "Cheryl",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Shuman"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.\nDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.",
            "firstname": "Leona",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "Fishman"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.\nDepartment of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.\nDivision of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.\nDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.",
            "firstname": "Rosanna",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Weksberg"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": "10.3390/genes12020172\n10.1002/ajmg.c.30267\n10.1038/nrendo.2016.52\n10.1210/jc.2011-1048\n10.1038/s41574-018-0042-0\n10.1111/cge.12635\n10.1097/MED.0b013e32835a255c\n10.1172/JCI10431\n10.1086/320117\n10.1136/jmg.2009.071001\n10.1530/EJE-10-0435\n10.1210/jc.2012-2639\n10.1016/j.bone.2015.05.011\n10.1002/humu.22276\n10.1093/hmg/ddp435\n10.1038/ejhg.2008.233\n10.2217/epi-2016-0007\n10.1080/15592294.2018.1514230\n10.1038/jhg.2016.45\n10.1038/ng.187\n10.1371/journal.pgen.1000423\n10.1210/jc.2015-2260\n10.1186/s13148-020-00925-2\n10.1093/hmg/ddy321\n10.1002/aur.173\n10.1210/jc.2015-4310\n10.1016/j.bone.2010.10.168\n10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04026.x\n10.1002/jbmr.3043\n10.1186/s13148-015-0143-8\n10.1038/gim.2014.46\n10.1002/humu.22352\n10.1186/1868-7083-5-23\n10.1210/jc.2006-2287\n10.1055/s-0036-1593840\n10.1002/(SICI)1521-1878(200005)22:5<452::AID-BIES7>3.0.CO;2-K\n10.1159/000083895\n10.1086/429932\n10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02969.x\n10.1210/jc.2007-0927\n10.1210/jc.2009-0176\n10.1210/jc.2013-3086\n10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201993",
    "journal": "Genes",
    "keywords": [
        "Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome",
        "DNA methylation",
        "GNAS",
        "genomic imprinting",
        "pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1b",
        "uniparental disomy"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2021-01-31",
    "pubmed_id": "33513760\n20803657\n27109785\n21816789\n29959430\n26138266\n23076042\n11067869\n11294659\n19858129\n20837711\n23144470\n25997889\n23335487\n19755383\n19092779\n27323310\n30221575\n27121328\n18622393\n19300480\n26367199\n32928291\n30239726\n21254448\n27428667\n20965295\n21521295\n27859596\n26583054\n24810686\n23649963\n24325814\n17405843\n28180023\n10797485\n15711092\n15800843\n17651445\n18182455\n20061437\n24423294\n18197189",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Paternal Uniparental Disomy of the Entire Chromosome 20 in a Child with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788502c975b0>"
}