{
    "abstract": "The Elekta micro-multileaf collimator (mMLC) known as apex for planning stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)/stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT)/stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) provides excellent dose distribution; however, it offers disadvantages such as prolonged treatment duration and technical errors in terms of mMLC and gantry calibration, which adds to the total treatment duration. Hence, we aimed to compare the treatment planning performed with the 2.5mm mMLC and 5mm MLC known as Agility for brain and lung targets treated with SRS and SBRT in Elekta Versa high definition (HD).\nThe study included 10 patients, five each with brain and lung targets. Two treatment plans were performed for each case using Elekta's Monaco (5.11.03) treatment planning system (TPS) with 2.5mm and 5mm MLC. An X-ray photon beam of energy 6FFF was used for planning purposes with various gantry, couch, and collimator combinations. These two plans were compared using target coverage (TC), conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), gradient index (GI), and organ at risk (OAR) doses.\nNo significant differences were found in the target coverage, CI, HI, or OAR doses in either MLC design. Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) with a 5 mm MLC provided equivalent tumor coverage with an additional number of monitor units. OAR doses were comparable in both MLC widths for brain targets, whereas for lung targets, OAR doses were slightly lower with 2.5mm mMLC. GI was superior in the 2.5mm mMLC compared to the 5mm MLC giving a steep falloff in the dose distributions (p = 0.158).\nThe TC, CI, HI, and OAR doses were similar in both 2.5mm and 5mm based VMAT plans. The gradient index was better in the 2.5mm mMLC resulting in steep dose gradients, which further reduced the isodose volumes. Therefore, a 5mm MLC (agility) can also be used for SRS/SBRT treatment planning, with a further reduction in the gradient index. However, the study must be extended further with more samples and multiple comparison parameters.Clinical Trials Registry - India, registration number CTRI/2021/11/037842, registration date. 8 ",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Medical Radiation Physics Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Manipal College of Health Professions Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.",
            "firstname": "Rechal Nisha",
            "initials": "RN",
            "lastname": "Dsouza"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Justice K S Hegde Charitable Hospital, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.",
            "firstname": "Krishna",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Sharan"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.",
            "firstname": "Suresh",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Sukumar"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Radiation Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.",
            "firstname": "Srinidhi G",
            "initials": "SG",
            "lastname": "Chandraguthi"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Medical Radiation Physics Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Manipal College of Health Professions Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.",
            "firstname": "Shreekripa",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Rao"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Radiation Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.",
            "firstname": "Shirley",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Lewis"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Radiation Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.",
            "firstname": "Umesh",
            "initials": "U",
            "lastname": "V"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Radiation Physics, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India.",
            "firstname": "Senthil",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Manikandan"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "Copyright: \u00a9 2025 Dsouza RN et al.",
    "doi": "10.12688/f1000research.141178.2\n10.1186/s12885-022-09578-1\n10.1016/j.jtho.2021.02.004\n10.4103/2278-330X.187563\n10.3390/curroncol28040233\n10.1093/noajnl/vdac033\n10.7150/ijms.3635\n10.1016/j.meddos.2013.01.001\n10.9734/air/2020/v21i730216\n10.1093/jrr/rrab111\n10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.07.021\n10.1016/j.hpb.2015.07.007\n10.5603/RPOR.a2021.0133\n10.1016/j.prro.2011.06.014\n10.3389/fonc.2019.00741\n10.1120/jacmp.v15i1.4100\n10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.5403\n10.1016/j.clon.2017.09.007\n10.3171/2020.9.JNS201484\n10.1016/j.clon.2022.02.010\n10.1002/acm2.12456\n10.2298/VSP110404001D\n10.1016/j.prro.2014.06.004\n10.5603/RPOR.a2022.0002\n10.1016/j.prro.2019.10.012\n10.1016/j.meddos.2020.05.001\n10.1088/0031-9155/57/14/4643\n10.7910/DVN/CFNQEX\n10.29384/rbfm.2020.v14.19849001533\n10.3389/fonc.2019.00319\n10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.11.408",
    "journal": "F1000Research",
    "keywords": [
        "Dynamic Conformal Arc Therapy",
        "Multi leaf collimator (MLC)",
        "Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy",
        "Stereotactic Radiotherapy",
        "Treatment planning",
        "Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy",
        "micro multileaf collimator(mMLC)"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-04-14",
    "pubmed_id": "40224133\n35546232\n34304854\n27606289\n34287274\n35386568\n22408567\n23428627\n34927204\n32185091\n37500052\n34631228\n26776856\n29296340\n35402029\n29296423\n25740120\n31440471\n24423831\n39699905\n29033164\n33799297\n35272913\n29033164\n30255659\n24069821\n25567159\n35402023\n31669403\n32553505\n22750675\n19159471\n31106151\n32014151",
    "results": "No significant differences were found in the target coverage, CI, HI, or OAR doses in either MLC design. Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) with a 5 mm MLC provided equivalent tumor coverage with an additional number of monitor units. OAR doses were comparable in both MLC widths for brain targets, whereas for lung targets, OAR doses were slightly lower with 2.5mm mMLC. GI was superior in the 2.5mm mMLC compared to the 5mm MLC giving a steep falloff in the dose distributions (p = 0.158).",
    "title": "Comparison of treatment planning for stereotactic radiosurgery and stereotactic body radiation therapy techniques with 2.5mm and 5mm multileaf collimator (MLC): A pilot study.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x7885060fed90>"
}