{
    "abstract": "The effective training of medical students in surgical suturing techniques requires realistic and accessible artificial skin models. This study presents the design, fabrication, and mechanical characterization of a low-cost, 3D-printable artificial skin model that replicates the viscoelastic and tensile properties of human skin. The model is designed to be scalable, with working areas ranging from 100 cm\u00b2 (for single suture practice) to 10,000 cm\u00b2 (for large-scale simulations). The artificial skin consists of two 1-mm-thick layers, simulating the epidermis and subcutaneous fat, supported by a porous sponge base housed in a 3D-printed adjustable holder. The model was fabricated using readily available, inexpensive materials to ensure cost-effectiveness and accessibility. Tensile tests were performed using a 3-0 monofilament polypropylene suture, measuring the force required to rupture the artificial skin under uniaxial tension. Additionally, viscoelastic properties were evaluated through standard procedure for Young's modulus determination. Results indicate that the mechanical behavior of the artificial skin closely matches the tensile strength and viscoelastic properties of human skin. The model provides a realistic and adaptable platform for medical training while remaining affordable and easy to produce. Future work will focus on optimizing the material composition and refining the skin structure for improved biomechanical accuracy and durability in surgical education.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, BGR.",
            "firstname": "Todor G",
            "initials": "TG",
            "lastname": "Bogdanov"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, BGR.",
            "firstname": "Todor A",
            "initials": "TA",
            "lastname": "Hikov"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, BGR.",
            "firstname": "Krasimir K",
            "initials": "KK",
            "lastname": "Yanev"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, BGR.",
            "firstname": "Konstantinos E",
            "initials": "KE",
            "lastname": "Papadakis"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, BGR.",
            "firstname": "Rene D",
            "initials": "RD",
            "lastname": "Mileva-Popova"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2025, Bogdanov et al.",
    "doi": "10.7759/cureus.81123",
    "journal": "Cureus",
    "keywords": [
        "artificial skin",
        "educational model",
        "surgical suturing training",
        "tensile strength",
        "viscoelastic properties"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-04-25",
    "pubmed_id": "40276440\n25307925\n28954243\n29049538\n28097936\n36163204\n15056999\n1815776",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Development and Mechanical Characterization of Artificial Skin for Surgical Suture Training: Tensile Strength and Viscoelastic Properties Compared to Human Skin.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788504ebc220>"
}