{
    "abstract": "To explore the diagnostic performance of triggered angiography non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (TRANCE-MRI) for the evaluation of venous pathology of the lower extremity.\nThis was a single-centre prospective cohort study of 25 patients with suspected venous disease in the lower extremities. Each patient received Doppler ultrasonography (for venous evaluation) before the scheduled TRANCE-MRI (for venous and arterial evaluations) on a 1.5\u2009T MR scanner (Philips Ingenia, Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands), followed by lymphography and computed tomography angiography that were arranged according to the diagnostic indications.\nThe sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of TRANCE-MRI were 85.7%, 88/9 and 88%, respectively. The inter-rater agreement for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the thigh between the ultrasonography and TRANCE-MRI results was substantial agreement (Cohen's kappa \u03ba, 0.72). In ultrasonography-negative cases, TRANCE-MRI detected four additional cases (16%, 4/25) of DVT; three cases (12%, 3/25) of venous compression caused by pelvic lymphadenopathy, hip prosthesis or knee joint effusion; one case (4%, 1/25) of vena cava anomaly; two cases (8%, 2/25) of occult peripheral artery disease (PAD); and one case (4%, 1/25) of an occluded bypass graft.\nTRANCE-MRI can be used as an alternative and objective tool for assessing lower extremity diseases, especially suspected venous pathology. Compared with ultrasonography, TRANCE-MRI plays a better role in assessing varicose veins of the lower extremities and deep veins of the pelvis and abdomen. However, false-positive results may occur in the left common iliac vein of elderly patients. Finally, occult PAD rarely occurs in patients with suspected lower extremity venous disease. Therefore, we recommend performing the TRANCE-MRV protocol instead of the full protocol (MRV\u2009+\u2009MRA) in the clinical setting in patients with venous scenarios.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.\nWound Center and Plastic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan.\nCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.",
            "firstname": "Yao-Kuang",
            "initials": "YK",
            "lastname": "Huang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.\nWound Center and Plastic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan.\nCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.",
            "firstname": "Yuan-Hsi",
            "initials": "YH",
            "lastname": "Tseng"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Wound Center and Plastic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan.\nCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.",
            "firstname": "Chih-Hung",
            "initials": "CH",
            "lastname": "Lin"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.\nDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi and Taoyuan, Taiwan.",
            "firstname": "Yuan-Hsiung",
            "initials": "YH",
            "lastname": "Tsai"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.\nDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi and Taoyuan, Taiwan.",
            "firstname": "Yin-Chen",
            "initials": "YC",
            "lastname": "Hsu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.\nDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi and Taoyuan, Taiwan.\nDepartment of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.",
            "firstname": "Shih-Chung",
            "initials": "SC",
            "lastname": "Wang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. chienwei33@gmail.com.\nDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi and Taoyuan, Taiwan. chienwei33@gmail.com.\nDepartment of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. chienwei33@gmail.com.\nInstitute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. chienwei33@gmail.com.",
            "firstname": "Chien-Wei",
            "initials": "CW",
            "lastname": "Chen"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "TRANCE-MRI can be used as an alternative and objective tool for assessing lower extremity diseases, especially suspected venous pathology. Compared with ultrasonography, TRANCE-MRI plays a better role in assessing varicose veins of the lower extremities and deep veins of the pelvis and abdomen. However, false-positive results may occur in the left common iliac vein of elderly patients. Finally, occult PAD rarely occurs in patients with suspected lower extremity venous disease. Therefore, we recommend performing the TRANCE-MRV protocol instead of the full protocol (MRV\u2009+\u2009MRA) in the clinical setting in patients with venous scenarios.",
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": "10.1186/s12880-019-0395-4\n10.1177/000331979704800703\n10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.05.015\n10.1177/0003319701052001S02\n10.21037/cdt.2016.12.06\n10.1148/radiology.143.1.7063711\n10.1148/radiology.165.1.3306781\n10.5301/jva.5000713\n10.1053/j.ackd.2017.03.004\n10.1515/bmt-2014-0181\n10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00215\n10.1007/s00330-011-2132-4\n10.1126/science.4059917\n10.1016/j.clinimag.2017.05.020\n10.1177/1591019917702522\n10.1155/2016/2694504\n10.1016/j.mri.2014.08.013\n10.1007/s00415-005-0710-6",
    "journal": "BMC medical imaging",
    "keywords": [
        "MRI",
        "Non-contrast",
        "Static ulcer",
        "TRANCE",
        "Venography",
        "Venous disease"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2019-12-19",
    "pubmed_id": "31847822\n9242154\n15723761\n11510598\n28123971\n7063711\n3306781\n28362042\n28501075\n28900045\n26684345\n24672504\n21533632\n4059917\n28601736\n28457176\n27340338\n25159471\n15742111",
    "results": "The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of TRANCE-MRI were 85.7%, 88/9 and 88%, respectively. The inter-rater agreement for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the thigh between the ultrasonography and TRANCE-MRI results was substantial agreement (Cohen's kappa \u03ba, 0.72). In ultrasonography-negative cases, TRANCE-MRI detected four additional cases (16%, 4/25) of DVT; three cases (12%, 3/25) of venous compression caused by pelvic lymphadenopathy, hip prosthesis or knee joint effusion; one case (4%, 1/25) of vena cava anomaly; two cases (8%, 2/25) of occult peripheral artery disease (PAD); and one case (4%, 1/25) of an occluded bypass graft.",
    "title": "Evaluation of venous pathology of the lower extremities with triggered angiography non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788502d432e0>"
}