{
    "abstract": "Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a very common issue in young women that reduces the quality of women's lives. Both Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) provide several ways to treat PD; however, TCM treatment exhibits fewer side effects for the patient. Tuina massage and Chinese herbal compresses are considered forms of external TCM therapy that have been widely used to treat PD, especially in China. Therefore, to provide the most effective and safe treatment for PD, we combined Tuina and Chinese herbal compresses together in this observational study.\nA randomized controlled trial (RCT) consisting of 114 participants from the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine who meet inclusion criteria will be divided into two groups in a 1:1 allocation ratio. The intervention group will receive Tuina combined with Chinese herbal compress therapy, while the control group will only receive Chinese herbal compress therapy. The treatment will be given 3 days before menstruation (once per day, 3 times per menstrual cycle). The primary outcome will be measured with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The secondary outcomes will be measured by the Dysmenorrhea Symptom Score, the Chinese Medical Dysmenorrhea Symptom Score, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and the pain threshold at Guanyuan (CV4).\nThis study will be the first RCT that will entail the combination of Tuina and Chinese herbal compresses to treat PD in the category of cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome. If the results demonstrate that Tuina combined with a Chinese herbal compress is effective, we posit that this study will provide evidence-based references for a potential alternative treatment to treat PD in the future.\n<title>Einleitung</title>Die prim\u00e4re Dysmenorrhoe (PD) ist ein Problem, das bei jungen Frauen sehr h\u00e4ufig auftritt und ihre Lebensqualit\u00e4t beeintr\u00e4chtigt. Sowohl die westliche Medizin als auch die traditionelle chinesische Medizin (TCM) bieten verschiedene Therapiem\u00f6glichkeiten zur Behandlung der PD, allerdings ist die TCM mit weniger Nebenwirkungen f\u00fcr die Patientin verbunden. Tuina-Massage und chinesische Kr\u00e4uterkompressen gelten als Formen der \u00e4u\u00dferlichen TCM-Therapie, die besonders in China zur Behandlung der PD weit verbreitet sind. Daher haben wir in dieser Beobachtungsstudie Tuina und chinesische Kr\u00e4uterkompressen kombiniert, um eine m\u00f6glichst wirksame und sichere Behandlung der PD bereitzustellen.<title>Methoden</title>Es handelt sich um eine randomisierte kontrollierte Studie (randomized controlled trial, RCT), bei der 114 Teilnehmerinnen der Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, die die Einschlusskriterien erf\u00fcllen, im Verh\u00e4ltnis 1:1 in zwei Gruppen aufgeteilt werden. Die Interventionsgruppe erh\u00e4lt Tuina in Kombination mit chinesischen Kr\u00e4uterkompressen, w\u00e4hrend die Kontrollgruppe nur eine Behandlung mit chinesischen Kr\u00e4uterkompressen erh\u00e4lt. Die Behandlung erfolgt drei Tage vor der Menstruation (einmal t\u00e4glich, dreimal pro Menstruationszyklus). Das prim\u00e4re Zielkriterium wird anhand der visuellen Analogskala (VAS) gemessen. Die sekund\u00e4ren Zielkriterien werden mithilfe des Dysmenorrhoe-Symptom-Scores, des chinesischen medizinischen Dysmenorrhoe-Symptom-Scores, der Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), der Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) und der Schmerzschwelle am Guanyuan-Akupunkturpunkt (<italic>CV4</italic>) ermittelt.<title>Schlussfolgerung</title>Diese Studie ist die erste randomisierte kontrollierte Studie, die die Kombination von Tuina und chinesischen Kr\u00e4uterkompressen zur Behandlung von PD in der Kategorie K\u00e4ltekoagulation und Blutstauungssyndrom untersucht. Sollten die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Tuina in Kombination mit chinesischen Kr\u00e4uterkompressen wirksam ist, erwarten wir, dass diese Studie evidenzbasierte Belege f\u00fcr eine m\u00f6gliche alternative Behandlung von PD in der Zukunft liefern wird.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China, cake.paphawarin@gmail.com.",
            "firstname": "Paphawarin",
            "initials": "P",
            "lastname": "Asawadethmetakul"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.",
            "firstname": "Fangfang",
            "initials": "F",
            "lastname": "Xie"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.",
            "firstname": "Chaoqun",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Xie"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.",
            "firstname": "Jianwen",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Ma"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.",
            "firstname": "Yanli",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "You"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.\nShanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai, Shanghai, China.",
            "firstname": "Fei",
            "initials": "F",
            "lastname": "Yao"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "This study will be the first RCT that will entail the combination of Tuina and Chinese herbal compresses to treat PD in the category of cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome. If the results demonstrate that Tuina combined with a Chinese herbal compress is effective, we posit that this study will provide evidence-based references for a potential alternative treatment to treat PD in the future.",
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2023 S. Karger AG, Basel.",
    "doi": "10.1159/000534335",
    "journal": "Complementary medicine research",
    "keywords": [
        "Chinese herbal compress",
        "Chinesische Kr\u00e4uterkompresse",
        "Primary dysmenorrhea",
        "Prim\u00e4re Dysmenorrhoe",
        "Randomisierte kontrollierte Studie",
        "Randomized controlled trial",
        "Studienprotokoll",
        "Study protocol",
        "Tuina"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2023-11-28",
    "pubmed_id": "38011840",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Effect of Tuina Combined with Chinese Herbal Compress on Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis Syndrome: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x7885021238d0>"
}