{
    "abstract": "The cryopreservation-thawing process of spermatozoa cells has negative impacts on their structure, function, and fertility parameters, which are known as cryoinjury. Asthenozoospermia patients are more susceptible to cryoinjury. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) increases sperm glucose uptake via the induction of glucose transporters, resulting in increased sperm motility. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of GM-CSF supplementation of the cryopreservation media for semen samples of asthenoteratozoospermia patients. The study was carried out on 20 semen samples from infertile men referred to diagnosing semen analysis. To avoid subjective bias, two main sperm motility parameters, including velocity along the curvilinear path and velocity along the straight-line path were considered by the computer-assisted sperm analysis system. Afterward, each semen sample was divided into three equal aliquots and randomly assigned to one of the following groups: group I (control, freezing media only), group II (+GM-CSF, freezing medium supplemented with 2\u2009\u03bcL/mL GM-CSF), or group III (GM-CSF added after thawing and washing). Following semen thawing, standard parameters, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and the DNA Fragmentation Index were analyzed. Total sperm motility (progressive and non-progressive) improved significantly in group III samples after a 30-minute incubation with GM-CSF compared with the control group (26.5%\u2009\u00b1\u20093.1% vs. 17.51%\u2009\u00b1\u20092.59%). However, no differences in progressive motility or sperm morphology were found among the three thawed samples. The percentage of vitality was significantly higher in group III compared with the other two groups (28.38%\u2009\u00b1\u20093.4% vs. 22.4%\u2009\u00b1\u20093.08% and 22.14%\u2009\u00b1\u20092.77%, respectively) (",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.",
            "firstname": "Elham",
            "initials": "E",
            "lastname": "Hosseini"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.\nDepartment of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.",
            "firstname": "Parivash",
            "initials": "P",
            "lastname": "Afradiasbagharani"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.\nDepartment of Microbiology, Biology Research Center, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.",
            "firstname": "Masoud",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Mohammadian"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.\nDepartment of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.",
            "firstname": "FatemehSadat",
            "initials": "F",
            "lastname": "Amjadi"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.",
            "firstname": "Maryam",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Tabatabaei"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Anatomical Sciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.",
            "firstname": "Fateme",
            "initials": "F",
            "lastname": "Tanhaye Kalate Sabz"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.\nDepartment of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.",
            "firstname": "Zahra",
            "initials": "Z",
            "lastname": "Zandieh"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": "10.1089/bio.2022.0174",
    "journal": "Biopreservation and biobanking",
    "keywords": [
        "GM-CSF",
        "asthenozoospermia",
        "cryoinjury",
        "mitochondrial membrane potential",
        "sperm motility"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2023-10-06",
    "pubmed_id": "37801668",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Cytokine Addition After the Freeze-Thawing Process Improves Human Sperm Motility and Vitality in Asthenoteratozoospermia Patients.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788502a9fa10>"
}