{
    "abstract": "Cesarean Scar Pregnancy (CSP) is a life-threatening condition that may lead to uterine rupture and severe bleeding when left untreated. Treatment includes expectant, medical, and surgical options. This review aimed to evaluate the role of laparoscopy in the management of CSP. A comprehensive search of PubMed and The Cochrane Library was carried out with findings dating up to May 2024. Several screening processes were done by two reviewers and 48 articles mentioning the laparoscopic management were included in this review. Laparoscopy allows adhesiolysis, bladder dissection, and complete CSP excision in addition to simultaneous repair of the isthmocele, reinforcing the scarred myometrium to prevent abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain, CSP recurrence, and rupture. To ensure a successful indication of laparoscopy as the main treatment option, the CSP gestational sac should be\u00a0>\u00a032.5\u00a0mm, with a myometrial thickness of\u00a0<\u00a02 mm. Laparoscopy for CSP excision is a durable and highly effective method with minimal complication rates reported in the current literature. Moreover, it seems to be the most effective in the case of CSP embedded within myometrium with or without serosal involvement.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Obstetrics & Gynecology Department Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Poissy-Saint-Germain-en-Laye Yvelines France.",
            "firstname": "Elie",
            "initials": "E",
            "lastname": "Barakat"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\", Naples, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Gaetano",
            "initials": "G",
            "lastname": "Riemma"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \"Paolo Giaccone\" Hospital, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.",
            "firstname": "Antonio Simone",
            "initials": "AS",
            "lastname": "Lagan\u00e0"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Eastern Virginia Medical School VA United States.",
            "firstname": "Lea",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "Nehme"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Surgical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University Beirut Lebanon.",
            "firstname": "Aline",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Khazzaka"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Padova University Hospital, University of Padova Padova Italy.",
            "firstname": "Marco",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Noventa"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia.",
            "firstname": "David",
            "initials": "D",
            "lastname": "Lukanovic"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran; Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran.",
            "firstname": "Sevil",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Hakimi"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Lebanese American University Beirut Lebanon. Electronic address: zakinexus@hotmail.com.",
            "firstname": "Zaki",
            "initials": "Z",
            "lastname": "Sleiman"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.ejogrb.2025.02.006",
    "journal": "European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology",
    "keywords": [
        "Cesarean scar pregnancy",
        "Complications",
        "Hysteroscopy",
        "Laparoscopy",
        "Pregnancy rates"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-02-11",
    "pubmed_id": "39929117",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Laparoscopic treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy: A scoping review.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x7885061aad40>"
}