{
    "abstract": "Women who suffer a witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest receive bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) less often than men. To understand this phenomenon, we queried whether there are differences in deterrents to providing CPR based on the rescuer's gender.\nParticipants were surveyed using a national crowdsourcing platform. Participants ranked the following 5 previously identified themes as reasons: rescuers are afraid to injure or hurt women; rescuers might have a misconception that women do not suffer cardiac arrest; rescuers are afraid to be accused of sexual assault or sexual harassment; rescuers have a fear of touching women or that their touch might be inappropriate; and rescuers think that women are faking it or being overdramatic. Participants were adult US residents able to correctly define CPR. Participants ranked the themes if the rescuer was gender unidentified, a man, and a woman, in variable order.\nIn November 2018, 520 surveys were completed. The respondents identified as 42.3% women, 74.2% White, 10.4% Black, and 6.7% Hispanic. Approximately half (48.1%) of the cohort knew how to perform CPR, but only 7.9% had ever performed CPR. When the rescuer was identified as a man, survey participants ranked fear of sexual assault or sexual harassment and fear of touching women or that the touch might be inappropriate as the top reasons (36.2% and 34.0% of responses, respectively). Conversely, when the rescuer was identified as a woman, survey respondents reported fear of hurting or injuring as the top reason (41.2%).\nPublic perceptions as to why women receive less bystander CPR than men were different based on the gender of the rescuer. Participants reported that men rescuers would potentially be hindered by fears of accusations of sexual assault/harassment or inappropriate touch, while women rescuers would be deterred due to fears of causing physical injury.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA (S.K.S.).",
            "firstname": "Shelby K",
            "initials": "SK",
            "lastname": "Shelton"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (J.D.R.).\nLudeman Center for Women's Health Research (J.D.R., C.E.K., S.M.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora.",
            "firstname": "John D",
            "initials": "JD",
            "lastname": "Rice"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Ludeman Center for Women's Health Research (J.D.R., C.E.K., S.M.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora.\nDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.E.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora.\nVA Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Denver (C.E.K., D.D.M.).",
            "firstname": "Christopher E",
            "initials": "CE",
            "lastname": "Knoepke"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine (D.D.M.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora.\nVA Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Denver (C.E.K., D.D.M.).",
            "firstname": "Daniel D",
            "initials": "DD",
            "lastname": "Matlock"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Internal Medicine, Denver Health Hospital Authority, CO (E.P.H.).",
            "firstname": "Edward P",
            "initials": "EP",
            "lastname": "Havranek"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA (S.K.S.).",
            "firstname": "Stacie L",
            "initials": "SL",
            "lastname": "Daugherty"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Ludeman Center for Women's Health Research (J.D.R., C.E.K., S.M.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora.\nDepartment of Emergency Medicine (S.M.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora.\nDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (S.M.P.).",
            "firstname": "Sarah M",
            "initials": "SM",
            "lastname": "Perman"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": "10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.123.010249\n10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.109.889576\n10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.118.004710\n10.1111/acem.12540\n10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037692\n10.1007/s11136-017-1566-9\n10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.057\n10.1016/j.ajem.2012.02.018\n10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.10.016\n10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109797\n10.1056/NEJMoa1110700",
    "journal": "Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes",
    "keywords": [
        "CPR, bystander",
        "disparity",
        "gender",
        "layperson",
        "public perception"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2024-03-27",
    "pubmed_id": "38533649\n20123673\n30354377\n25491713\n30779655\n28382522\n29169121\n22633703\n25447437\n37080334\n23094722",
    "results": "In November 2018, 520 surveys were completed. The respondents identified as 42.3% women, 74.2% White, 10.4% Black, and 6.7% Hispanic. Approximately half (48.1%) of the cohort knew how to perform CPR, but only 7.9% had ever performed CPR. When the rescuer was identified as a man, survey participants ranked fear of sexual assault or sexual harassment and fear of touching women or that the touch might be inappropriate as the top reasons (36.2% and 34.0% of responses, respectively). Conversely, when the rescuer was identified as a woman, survey respondents reported fear of hurting or injuring as the top reason (41.2%).",
    "title": "Examining the Impact of Layperson Rescuer Gender on the Receipt of Bystander CPR for Women in Cardiac Arrest.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788506faf740>"
}