{
    "abstract": "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life-saving treatment for pediatric patients with respiratory and/or cardiac failure. The ECMO circuit oxygenates and sometimes pumps the blood, effectively replacing lung and/or heart function temporarily. ECMO patients are clinically very complex not only because of their underlying, life-threatening pathology, but also because of the many physiological parameters that must be monitored and adjusted to maintain adequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation. Drainage and reinfusion cannulae connecting the patient to the ECMO circuit are visible on radiograph. These cannulae have different functions, different configurations, different radiographic appearances, and different positions that should be familiar to the interpreting pediatric radiologist. The primary complications of ECMO include hemorrhage, thrombosis and ischemia, as well as equipment failure and cannula malpositioning, all of which may be detected on imaging. In this pictorial essay, we discuss the basics of ECMO function and clinical management, ECMO cannula features and configurations, and the many complications of ECMO from an imaging perspective. Our goal is to educate pediatric radiologists about ECMO imaging, equipping them to properly interpret these studies and to become a useful consultant in ECMO patient care.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, 8440-112 St., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2B7, Canada. thompson@ualberta.ca.",
            "firstname": "Adrienne F",
            "initials": "AF",
            "lastname": "Thompson"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Servier Virtual Cardiac Centre, University of Alberta, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.",
            "firstname": "Jiali",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Luan"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Alberta, Stollery Children's Hospital & Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.",
            "firstname": "Mohammed M",
            "initials": "MM",
            "lastname": "Al Aklabi"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.",
            "firstname": "Dominic A",
            "initials": "DA",
            "lastname": "Cave"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.",
            "firstname": "Lindsay M",
            "initials": "LM",
            "lastname": "Ryerson"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, 8440-112 St., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2B7, Canada.",
            "firstname": "Michelle L",
            "initials": "ML",
            "lastname": "Noga"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": "10.1007/s00247-018-4211-z",
    "journal": "Pediatric radiology",
    "keywords": [
        "Cardiopulmonary bypass",
        "Children",
        "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation",
        "Infant",
        "Life support"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2018-08-07",
    "pubmed_id": "30079444\n24447458\n19901912\n28275615\n15921152\n18964254\n16915115\n26608160\n5060491\n20862453\n21110267\n26380745\n27799498",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): a guide for radiologists.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788503e87510>"
}