{
    "abstract": "Opioid withdrawal's physiological effects are a major impediment to recovery from opioid use disorder (OUD). Prior work has demonstrated that transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation (tcVNS) can counteract some of opioid withdrawal's physiological effects by reducing heart rate and perceived symptoms. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of tcVNS on respiratory manifestations of opioid withdrawal - specifically, respiratory timings and their variability. Patients with OUD (N = 21) underwent acute opioid withdrawal over the course of a two-hour protocol. The protocol involved opioid cues to induce opioid craving and neutral conditions for control purposes. Patients were randomly assigned to receive double-blind active tcVNS (n = 10) or sham stimulation (n = 11) throughout the protocol. Respiratory effort and electrocardiogram-derived respiration signals were used to estimate inspiration time (T",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.",
            "firstname": "Asim H",
            "initials": "AH",
            "lastname": "Gazi"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.",
            "firstname": "Anna B",
            "initials": "AB",
            "lastname": "Harrison"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.",
            "firstname": "Tamara P",
            "initials": "TP",
            "lastname": "Lambert"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine.",
            "firstname": "Malik",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Obideen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine.",
            "firstname": "Justine W",
            "initials": "JW",
            "lastname": "Welsh"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.",
            "firstname": "Viola",
            "initials": "V",
            "lastname": "Vaccarino"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.\nAtlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 1670 Clairmont Road, Decatur, GA, USA.",
            "firstname": "Amit J",
            "initials": "AJ",
            "lastname": "Shah"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.",
            "firstname": "Sudie E",
            "initials": "SE",
            "lastname": "Back"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.",
            "firstname": "Christopher J",
            "initials": "CJ",
            "lastname": "Rozell"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine.\nAtlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 1670 Clairmont Road, Decatur, GA, USA.\nDepartment of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.",
            "firstname": "J Douglas",
            "initials": "JD",
            "lastname": "Bremner"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.\nCoulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.",
            "firstname": "Omer T",
            "initials": "OT",
            "lastname": "Inan"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": "10.1109/bhi56158.2022.9926787",
    "journal": "... IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics. IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics",
    "keywords": [
        "non-invasive",
        "opioid use disorder",
        "respiration",
        "vagus nerve stimulation",
        "variability"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2023-05-05",
    "pubmed_id": "37143708\n29302223\n24758595\n31158849\n22404717\n36041704\n34449355\n37082108\n24813546\n30831172",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Transcutaneous Cervical Vagus Nerve Stimulation Reduces Respiratory Variability in the Context of Opioid Withdrawal.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x7885043de7a0>"
}