{
    "abstract": "Several countries have participated in WHO COPCORD. The Global Disease Burden program (GBD) reports selected MSK disorders. We used a COPCORD India protocol to estimate the national burden of MSK disorders.\nTrained paramedics used standard questionnaires to screen the population and identify respondents with current and/or past MSK pain (non-traumatic) in 12 survey sites (8 rural); cross-sectional design and prospective data. Several standard measures were recorded; MSK pain was self-reported (on human manikin). The site rheumatologist examined each respondent and provided a clinical diagnosis. Pooled data (anonymized) from all sites was analyzed using standard statistical software. Standardized point prevalence rates (adjusted to Indian Census) and odds ratios (risk factors) were calculated: 95% confidence intervals in parentheses.\n56\u2009548 population (60% rural, response rate\u2009>\u200970%) was screened; 10\u2009273 respondents (18%, 65% women). The prevalence of MSK pain was 16.14 (14.2, 18.3) and higher in the rural population (20% vs. 10.3%); rheumatoid arthritis 0.34%, undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis 0.22%, spondyloarthritis 0.23%, osteoarthritis 4.39%, Gout 0.05%, chikungunya arthritis 1.2%. Non-specific arthralgias, soft tissue pains, and degenerative arthritis were dominant disorders; 12% of respondents reported inflammatory arthritis. Significant risk factors associated with MSK pain included female gender, poor literacy, non-vegetarian diet, chronic non-MSK illness, past trauma, and tobacco use. Limitations included non-random selection, clinical diagnosis, and limited investigations. However, in comparison to GBD, the COPCORD outcome seemed all-inclusive and clinically meaningful.\nThe high prevalence of MSK pain and arthritis indicates a huge disease burden in India and prioritizes the need for a national control program.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Pune, India.",
            "firstname": "Arvind",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Chopra"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.",
            "firstname": "Ashish Jacob",
            "initials": "AJ",
            "lastname": "Mathew"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.",
            "firstname": "Rohini",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Handa"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Pune, India.",
            "firstname": "Ghorpade Ravi",
            "initials": "GR",
            "lastname": "Parshuram"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Pune, India.",
            "firstname": "Sarmukaddam",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Sanjeev"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Pune, India.",
            "firstname": "Vaijayanti",
            "initials": "V",
            "lastname": "Lagu-Joshi"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "SP Medical College, Bikaner, India.",
            "firstname": "Liyakat",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "Gauri"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Calicut Medical College, Calicut, India.",
            "firstname": "Rahim",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Asma"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Calicut Medical College, Calicut, India.",
            "firstname": "Binoy",
            "initials": "B",
            "lastname": "Paul"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Advance Rheumatology Clinic, Hyderabad, India.",
            "firstname": "Datta",
            "initials": "D",
            "lastname": "Kumar"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Advance Rheumatology Clinic, Hyderabad, India.",
            "firstname": "Sarvajeet",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Pal"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "D Y Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, India.",
            "firstname": "Chaturvedi",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Sarika"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Guwahati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India.",
            "firstname": "Thakuria",
            "initials": "T",
            "lastname": "Bhaskar"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Government Medical College, Jammu, India.",
            "firstname": "Annil",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Mahajan"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India.",
            "firstname": "Romi",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Singh"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India.",
            "firstname": "Alakendu",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Ghosh"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India.",
            "firstname": "Kumar",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Tapas"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Madras Medical College, Chennai, India.",
            "firstname": "C P",
            "initials": "CP",
            "lastname": "Rajendran"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Pune, India.",
            "firstname": "Anuradha",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Venugopalan"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Pune, India.",
            "firstname": "Manjit",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Saluja"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Rheumatology Clinic, Bangalore, India.",
            "firstname": "K",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Mahendranath"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "The high prevalence of MSK pain and arthritis indicates a huge disease burden in India and prioritizes the need for a national control program.",
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2025 Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.",
    "doi": "10.1111/1756-185X.70163",
    "journal": "International journal of rheumatic diseases",
    "keywords": [
        "COPCORD",
        "India",
        "arthritis",
        "community medicine",
        "disease burden",
        "epidemiology",
        "musculoskeletal pain"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-03-07",
    "pubmed_id": "40051139",
    "results": "56\u2009548 population (60% rural, response rate\u2009>\u200970%) was screened; 10\u2009273 respondents (18%, 65% women). The prevalence of MSK pain was 16.14 (14.2, 18.3) and higher in the rural population (20% vs. 10.3%); rheumatoid arthritis 0.34%, undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis 0.22%, spondyloarthritis 0.23%, osteoarthritis 4.39%, Gout 0.05%, chikungunya arthritis 1.2%. Non-specific arthralgias, soft tissue pains, and degenerative arthritis were dominant disorders; 12% of respondents reported inflammatory arthritis. Significant risk factors associated with MSK pain included female gender, poor literacy, non-vegetarian diet, chronic non-MSK illness, past trauma, and tobacco use. Limitations included non-random selection, clinical diagnosis, and limited investigations. However, in comparison to GBD, the COPCORD outcome seemed all-inclusive and clinically meaningful.",
    "title": "Burden of Musculoskeletal (MSK) Pain and Arthritis in India: A Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD-Bone and Joint Decade (BJD)) India Project.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788506b08c70>"
}