{
    "abstract": "Robot-assisted surgery has transformed urology, but widespread adoption remains limited by the high cost, complex setup, and rigid system design. This prospective single-center study evaluates the safety and efficacy of the novel modular Carina in 19 upper and lower urinary tract surgeries. All cases were completed robotically without conversion, with one major complication. For partial nephrectomy (PN), median operative time (OT) was 120\u00a0min with 50\u00a0mL estimated blood loss (EBL), including one off-clamp PN completed in 77\u00a0min (EBL: 50\u00a0mL). Pyeloplasty had a median OT of 105\u00a0min (EBL: 50\u00a0mL), while radical prostatectomy (RP) achieved a median OT of 150\u00a0min (EBL: 50\u00a0mL). Radical cystectomy was completed in 301\u00a0min without major complications, and an uncomplicated postoperative course. Median docking times were 5 and 8\u00a0min for upper and lower tract surgeries, with negative margins and preserved renal function in all PN, and social continence post-RP. The Carina system demonstrates procedural safety and feasibility in complex urological procedures. The modular design may enhance workflow and space utilization, suggesting the potential for promising tool and broader clinical applications. Further validation with larger sample sizes and long-term follow-up is needed.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.",
            "firstname": "Gaurab",
            "initials": "G",
            "lastname": "Pokhrel"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.",
            "firstname": "ZeYuan",
            "initials": "Z",
            "lastname": "Wang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.",
            "firstname": "Jinshan",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Cui"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.",
            "firstname": "Bingzhai",
            "initials": "B",
            "lastname": "Jin"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.",
            "firstname": "Haoke",
            "initials": "H",
            "lastname": "Zheng"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.",
            "firstname": "Jin",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Tao"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.",
            "firstname": "Yafeng",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Fan"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.",
            "firstname": "Yunlong",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Liu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.",
            "firstname": "Yonghao",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Zhan"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.",
            "firstname": "Shuanbao",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Yu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.",
            "firstname": "Biao",
            "initials": "B",
            "lastname": "Dong"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. zhangxuepei@263.net.",
            "firstname": "Xuepei",
            "initials": "X",
            "lastname": "Zhang"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2025. The Author(s).",
    "doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-97411-7",
    "journal": "Scientific reports",
    "keywords": [
        "Carina\u2122 platform",
        "Modular system",
        "Novel robotic system",
        "Robot assisted surgery",
        "Surgical settings",
        "Urologic procedures",
        "Urology"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-04-13",
    "pubmed_id": "40221629\n31922557\n30147957\n37720937\n37036165\n37325289\n37623483\n38468506\n36800894\n38413488\n39100226\n35982285\n32687842\n34794321\n15273542\n16822607\n36847815\n38349425\n38269425\n35752748\n38217724\n37634969\n29422419\n34253832\n38869636\n12187196\n36324049\n37169638\n38231455",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Initial experience with the novel modular robotic system Carina in urology: a prospective study on safety feasibility and surgical settings.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788505a58130>"
}