{
    "abstract": "There is an epidemiological association between increased obstetric complications and disorders involving CNS dopamine dysregulation, such as schizophrenia. In light of this, a rat model of global hypoxia during Caesarean section (C-section) birth has been used to directly test if birth complications can produce long-term dopaminergic dysregulation. Previous studies have shown that, compared to vaginal birth, C-section birth alone (without additional global hypoxia) is sufficient to increase D1-like receptor binding in rat brain at adulthood. The current study examined (1) the developmental time course of changes in D1-like or D2-like receptors following C-section birth; (2) whether C-section birth from isoflurane-anesthetized dams also results in altered D1-like receptor levels, as does C-section from decapitated dams; and (3) behavioral responses to D1 and D2 agonists in rats born vaginally compared to C-section. Increases in nucleus accumbens D1-like receptor binding due to C-section birth were observed only at adulthood (3 months) but not prepubertally (1 month or 2 weeks). D2-like receptor binding levels were unaffected by C-section birth across the three developmental time points. Compared to vaginal birth, D1-like receptors were increased following C-section birth from isoflurane-anesthetized dams, as well as from decapitated dams. Adult rats that had been born by C-section showed enhanced D1 potentiation of D2-induced locomotor behavior. These studies indicate that C-section birth, from either anesthetized or unanesthetized dams, results in postpubertal increases in D1-like receptor binding and enhanced functional responses to D1 receptor activation.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada. patricia.boksa@mcgill.ca",
            "firstname": "Patricia",
            "initials": "P",
            "lastname": "Boksa"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Ying",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Zhang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Alain",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Bestawros"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "(c) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).",
    "doi": "10.1006/exnr.2002.7896",
    "journal": "Experimental neurology",
    "keywords": [],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2002-06-14",
    "pubmed_id": "12061868",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Dopamine D1 receptor changes due to caesarean section birth: effects of anesthesia, developmental time course, and functional consequences.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x78850526bf60>"
}