{
    "abstract": "To assess the prevalence of Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) and associated comorbidities among adults in rural and urban areas of Benin, a Sub-Saharan country, where limited data exists on its burden and clinical relevance.\nA cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in Benin. RLS was identified using the standardized International Restless Legs Questionnaire. Demographic data and lifestyle data (alcohol consumption, smoking) were self-reported by participants, while precise anthropometric measurements (height, weight, BMI) and clinical parameters (blood pressure, blood glucose) were obtained using standardized protocols to assess nutritional status and detect hypertension and diabetes. Sleep quality was evaluated using three validated instruments: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Insomnia Severity Index. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews conducted by trained personnel using KoBoToolbox software on digital tablets. Logistic regression models were used to determine the relationship between RLS and associated comorbidities.\nAmong 2,909 participants (58.7% urban, mean age 44.7 years, 61.2% female), RLS prevalence was 5.0% [95% CI: 4.3-5.9], with higher rates in rural (9.4%) versus urban areas (1.9%). Prevalence increased with age (1.7% in 25-34 years to 12.5% in \u2265\u200965 years) and was higher in females (5.9%) than males (3.5%). RLS showed significant associations with hypertension (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]\u2009=\u20091.56, 95% CI: 1.04-2.35, p\u2009=\u20090.03) and poor sleep quality (aOR\u2009=\u20093.07, 95% CI: 2.07-4.57, p\u2009<\u20090.001).\nRLS shows notable prevalence in Benin with rural-urban disparities and significant associations with hypertension and poor sleep quality, highlighting the need for further research in sub-Saharan populations.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin. wachinouprudence@yahoo.fr.\nLaboratory of Epidemiology of Chronic and Neurological Diseases, Cotonou, Benin. wachinouprudence@yahoo.fr.\nNational Teaching Hospital for Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Diseases, Cotonou, Akpakpa, 01BP3210, Benin. wachinouprudence@yahoo.fr.",
            "firstname": "Ablo Prudence",
            "initials": "AP",
            "lastname": "Wachinou"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "National Teaching Hospital for Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Diseases, Cotonou, Akpakpa, 01BP3210, Benin.",
            "firstname": "Arnauld",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Fiogb\u00e9"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin.",
            "firstname": "Serge",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Ade"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Laboratory of Epidemiology of Chronic and Neurological Diseases, Cotonou, Benin.\nNational School of Public Health, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin.",
            "firstname": "Corine",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Houehanou"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Laboratory of Epidemiology of Chronic and Neurological Diseases, Cotonou, Benin.",
            "firstname": "Diane",
            "initials": "D",
            "lastname": "Zanvo"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Laboratory of Epidemiology of Chronic and Neurological Diseases, Cotonou, Benin.",
            "firstname": "Elfried",
            "initials": "E",
            "lastname": "Salanon"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Laboratory of Epidemiology of Chronic and Neurological Diseases, Cotonou, Benin.",
            "firstname": "Hermionne",
            "initials": "H",
            "lastname": "Loko"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Laboratory of Epidemiology of Chronic and Neurological Diseases, Cotonou, Benin.",
            "firstname": "Pervenche",
            "initials": "P",
            "lastname": "Fotso"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin.\nLaboratory of Epidemiology of Chronic and Neurological Diseases, Cotonou, Benin.",
            "firstname": "Dieudonn\u00e9",
            "initials": "D",
            "lastname": "Gnonlonfoun"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center of Investigation and Research on Sleep (CIRS), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.",
            "firstname": "Jose",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Haba-Rubio"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin.\nLaboratory of Epidemiology of Chronic and Neurological Diseases, Cotonou, Benin.",
            "firstname": "Dismand",
            "initials": "D",
            "lastname": "Houinato"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Interfaculty Center for Environmental Training and Research for Sustainable Development (CIFRED), University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin.",
            "firstname": "Roch Christian",
            "initials": "RC",
            "lastname": "Johnson"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Inserm U1094, IRD UMR270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France.",
            "firstname": "Pierre-Marie",
            "initials": "PM",
            "lastname": "Preux"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center of Investigation and Research on Sleep (CIRS), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.",
            "firstname": "Raphael",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Heinzer"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "RLS shows notable prevalence in Benin with rural-urban disparities and significant associations with hypertension and poor sleep quality, highlighting the need for further research in sub-Saharan populations.",
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.",
    "doi": "10.1007/s11325-025-03307-1\n10.1111/jsr.13783\n10.5664/jcsm.6996\n10.1016/j.jocn.2024.02.027\n10.5812/numonthly.22009\n10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.035\n10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4\n10.1093/sleep/14.6.540\n10.1093/sleep/34.5.601\n10.3390/ijerph17103658\n10.1016/j.sleep.2017.04.014\n10.1111/j.1479-8425.2006.00220\n10.1007/s41105-023-00497-7\n10.3389/fneur.2022.961136\n10.5664/jcsm.10160\n10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01825\n10.3390/jcm8101619",
    "journal": "Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung",
    "keywords": [
        "Adults",
        "Africa",
        "Restless leg syndrome",
        "Rural",
        "Urban"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-03-25",
    "pubmed_id": "40131581\n14592341\n36600470\n23963470\n30244828\n29458704\n38489955\n25695039\n32247713\n29033051\n2748771\n1798888\n24211034\n25179877\n32456058\n28735922\n15956009\n20961808\n28619185\n38524158\n36090852\n35903949\n18778446\n32028231\n31590229\n25023924",
    "results": "Among 2,909 participants (58.7% urban, mean age 44.7 years, 61.2% female), RLS prevalence was 5.0% [95% CI: 4.3-5.9], with higher rates in rural (9.4%) versus urban areas (1.9%). Prevalence increased with age (1.7% in 25-34 years to 12.5% in \u2265\u200965 years) and was higher in females (5.9%) than males (3.5%). RLS showed significant associations with hypertension (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]\u2009=\u20091.56, 95% CI: 1.04-2.35, p\u2009=\u20090.03) and poor sleep quality (aOR\u2009=\u20093.07, 95% CI: 2.07-4.57, p\u2009<\u20090.001).",
    "title": "Prevalence of restless leg syndrome and associated comorbidities in a sub-saharan African general population: results from the Benin Society and Sleep (BeSAS) study.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x78850239b970>"
}