{
    "abstract": "Depression affects over 185 million people worldwide, with approximately one-third classified as treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Current treatments, such as oral antidepressants, often take around 3 weeks to become effective, with no immediate anti-suicidal benefits. The field urgently needs innovative therapies that provide rapid relief. Psychedelics like psilocybin and ayahuasca have shown promising antidepressant effects; however, their long duration (several hours) makes them costly and impractical for public health systems. N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), an endogenous psychedelic also found in ayahuasca, offers a viable alternative with a short duration of action (10-20\u2009min) and non-invasive inhalation administration. Unlike ayahuasca, which contains monoamine oxidase inhibitors, vaporized DMT acts quickly and poses fewer pharmacological interaction risks. This open-label trial evaluated inhaled DMT for TRD for the first time, within the framework of interventional psychiatry. Fourteen patients (N",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Advanced Medical Psychedelics (CAMP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.\nBrain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.\nDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.\nGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.",
            "firstname": "Marcelo",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Falchi-Carvalho"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Advanced Medical Psychedelics (CAMP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. fernandapalhano@neuro.ufrn.br.\nBrain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. fernandapalhano@neuro.ufrn.br.\nUniversity Hospital Onofre Lopes, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. fernandapalhano@neuro.ufrn.br.",
            "firstname": "Fernanda",
            "initials": "F",
            "lastname": "Palhano-Fontes"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Advanced Medical Psychedelics (CAMP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.\nBrain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.",
            "firstname": "Isabel",
            "initials": "I",
            "lastname": "Wie\u00dfner"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Advanced Medical Psychedelics (CAMP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.\nGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.",
            "firstname": "Handersson",
            "initials": "H",
            "lastname": "Barros"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Advanced Medical Psychedelics (CAMP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.\nGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.",
            "firstname": "Raynara",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Bolcont"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Advanced Medical Psychedelics (CAMP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.\nGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.",
            "firstname": "Sophie",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Laborde"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Advanced Medical Psychedelics (CAMP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.\nBrain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.",
            "firstname": "S\u00e9rgio",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Ruschi B Silva"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Advanced Medical Psychedelics (CAMP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.",
            "firstname": "Daniel",
            "initials": "D",
            "lastname": "Montanini"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Advanced Medical Psychedelics (CAMP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.\nUniversity Hospital Onofre Lopes, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.",
            "firstname": "David",
            "initials": "D",
            "lastname": "C Barbosa"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Advanced Medical Psychedelics (CAMP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.",
            "firstname": "Ewerton",
            "initials": "E",
            "lastname": "Teixeira"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Advanced Medical Psychedelics (CAMP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.",
            "firstname": "Rodrigo",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Florence-Vilela"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Advanced Medical Psychedelics (CAMP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.\nDepartment of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.",
            "firstname": "Raissa",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Almeida"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Advanced Medical Psychedelics (CAMP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.\nDepartment of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.",
            "firstname": "Rosana",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "K A de Macedo"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Advanced Medical Psychedelics (CAMP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.",
            "firstname": "Fl\u00e1via",
            "initials": "F",
            "lastname": "Arichelle"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Advanced Medical Psychedelics (CAMP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.\nBrain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.",
            "firstname": "\u00c9rica",
            "initials": "\u00c9",
            "lastname": "J Pantrigo"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Advanced Medical Psychedelics (CAMP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.\nGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.",
            "firstname": "Jos\u00e9",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "V Costa-Macedo"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Advanced Medical Psychedelics (CAMP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.\nDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.",
            "firstname": "Jo\u00e3o Arthur",
            "initials": "JA",
            "lastname": "da Cruz Nunes"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Advanced Medical Psychedelics (CAMP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.\nDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.",
            "firstname": "Luiz Antonio",
            "initials": "LA",
            "lastname": "de Ara\u00fajo Costa Neto"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Advanced Medical Psychedelics (CAMP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.\nDepartment of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.",
            "firstname": "Luis Fernando",
            "initials": "LF",
            "lastname": "Nunes Ferreira"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Advanced Medical Psychedelics (CAMP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.\nDepartment of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.",
            "firstname": "Lu\u00edsa",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "Dantas Corr\u00eaa"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Advanced Medical Psychedelics (CAMP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.\nDepartment of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.",
            "firstname": "Rom\u00e1ria B\u00e1rbara",
            "initials": "RB",
            "lastname": "da Costa Bezerra"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Clinical Medicine, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.\nUniversity Hospital Onofre Lopes, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.",
            "firstname": "Emerson",
            "initials": "E",
            "lastname": "Arcoverde"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Advanced Medical Psychedelics (CAMP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.\nDepartment of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.",
            "firstname": "Nicole",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Galv\u00e3o-Coelho"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Advanced Medical Psychedelics (CAMP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. draulio@neuro.ufrn.br.\nBrain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. draulio@neuro.ufrn.br.\nUniversity Hospital Onofre Lopes, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. draulio@neuro.ufrn.br.\nGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. draulio@neuro.ufrn.br.",
            "firstname": "Draulio",
            "initials": "D",
            "lastname": "B Araujo"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to American College of Neuropsychopharmacology.",
    "doi": "10.1038/s41386-025-02091-6",
    "journal": "Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology",
    "keywords": [],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-04-22",
    "pubmed_id": "40258990\n30496103\n17478791\n27713241\n27784055\n18221624\n23168691\n22244375\n29903051\n32929261\n33852780\n35660802\n36322843\n25806551\n26650973\n31061128\n11292011\n34253268\n35217796\n37231080\n33972795\n39568756\n27126737\n30127713\n19213917\n13384414\n8297216\n8297217\n18510265\n38141403\n18593734\n37409159\n9881538\n444788\n33427944\n32347475\n29282469\n31798447\n29867608\n21922603\n25693169\n38858391\n38901389\n17382831\n35610230\n26442957\n30574112\n35355714\n27909165\n39741439\n35878791\n19767664",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Rapid and sustained antidepressant effects of vaporized N,N-dimethyltryptamine: a phase 2a clinical trial in treatment-resistant depression.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x7885048498a0>"
}