{
    "abstract": "Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) prophylaxis is widely used in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. The use of G-CSF in GI cancers has not previously been investigated systematically in a meta-analysis. Thus, we systematically reviewed the literature to describe the G-CSF use and potential influence on long-term oncological outcomes in GI cancers.\nThe literature search of this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. The PRISMA-P guidelines were followed. Studies that reported data on patients with GI cancers undergoing oncological treatment with G-CSF prophylaxis were included. Outcomes of interest were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and adverse events (AE), specifically neutropenia grade III/IV. A time-to-event random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Controlled Trials (RoB) tool.\nIn total, 2452 articles were screened for eligibility. Ultimately, 13 studies were included with a total patient number of 2673. The included studies indicated a positive association between OS and G-CSF prophylaxis (HR 0.72, 95% CI: 0.56-0.91, \nG-CSF prophylaxis provides a reduction in neutropenia grade III/IV in patients with GI cancers (high level of certainty) and a favorable OS (low certainty), while PFS is unaffected (moderate certainty). Studies on PFS and G-CSF use are nonetheless limited.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, 4600 K\u00f8ge, Denmark.",
            "firstname": "Oliver Wedel",
            "initials": "OW",
            "lastname": "Fischer"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, 4600 K\u00f8ge, Denmark.",
            "firstname": "Tobias Freyberg",
            "initials": "TF",
            "lastname": "Justesen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, 4600 K\u00f8ge, Denmark.",
            "firstname": "Dilara Seyma",
            "initials": "DS",
            "lastname": "G\u00f6genur"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, 4600 K\u00f8ge, Denmark.\nDepartment of Surgery, Slagelse Sygehus, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark.",
            "firstname": "Michael Tvilling",
            "initials": "MT",
            "lastname": "Madsen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Odense PIPAC Center, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark.\nOdense Pancreas Center (OPAC), Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark.\nDepartment of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.\nDepartment of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark.",
            "firstname": "Michael Bau",
            "initials": "MB",
            "lastname": "Mortensen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, 4600 K\u00f8ge, Denmark.\nDepartment of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.",
            "firstname": "Ismail",
            "initials": "I",
            "lastname": "G\u00f6genur"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, 4600 K\u00f8ge, Denmark.",
            "firstname": "Adile",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Orhan"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": "10.3390/cancers17081313",
    "journal": "Cancers",
    "keywords": [
        "G-CSF",
        "adverse events",
        "filgrastim",
        "gastrointestinal cancer",
        "peg-filgrastim",
        "survival"
    ],
    "methods": "The literature search of this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. The PRISMA-P guidelines were followed. Studies that reported data on patients with GI cancers undergoing oncological treatment with G-CSF prophylaxis were included. Outcomes of interest were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and adverse events (AE), specifically neutropenia grade III/IV. A time-to-event random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Controlled Trials (RoB) tool.",
    "publication_date": "2025-04-26",
    "pubmed_id": "40282489",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Long-Term Oncological Outcomes of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) Treatment in Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x7885038fc180>"
}