{
    "abstract": "To investigate the epidemiological, clinical characteristics and outcomes of diabetes in pregnancy (DIP).\nThis single-center, retrospective study included 16,974 pregnant women hospitalized during 2018-2019. Among them, 2860 DIP patients were grouped according to diabetes type, glycemic status, and insulin use. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted.\nThe incidence of DIP [17.10%; pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM), 2.00% (type I, 0.08%; type 2, 1.92%); gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), 14.85% (GDM A1, 13.58%; GDM A2, 1.27%)] increased annually. Premature birth, congenital anomalies, large for gestational age (LGA), neonatal asphyxia, neonatal intensive care unit transfer, hypertension, and puerperal infection were more common in DIP than in healthy pregnancies. The most common comorbidities/complications were hypertension, thyroid dysfunction, cervical incompetence, intrahepatic cholestasis, premature membrane rupture, oligo/polyhydramnios, and fetal distress. GDM incidence at ages \u226535 and\u2009\u2265\u200945\u2009years was 1.91 and 3.26 times that at age\u2009<\u200935\u2009years, respectively. If only women with high-risk factors were screened, 34.8% GDM cases would be missed. The proportion of insulin use was 14.06% (PGDM, 55%; GDM, 8.53%). Mean gestational age at peak insulin dose in DIP was 32.87\u2009\u00b1\u20095.46\u2009weeks. Peak insulin doses in PGDM and GDM were 3.67 and 2 times the initial doses, respectively. The risks of LGA, premature birth, cesarean section, and neonatal hypoglycemia in PGDM were 1.845, 1.533, 1.797, and 1.368 times of those in GDM, respectively. The risks of premature birth and neonatal hypoglycemia in women with poor glycemic control were 1.504 and 1.558 times of those in women with good control, respectively.\nThe incidence of adverse outcomes in DIP is high.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.\nDepartment of Obstetrics, Foshan Women and Children hospital, Foshan, 528000, China.",
            "firstname": "Jia",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Chen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.",
            "firstname": "Zhenyu",
            "initials": "Z",
            "lastname": "Wang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.",
            "firstname": "Weizhen",
            "initials": "W",
            "lastname": "Wu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics, Foshan Women and Children hospital, Foshan, 528000, China.",
            "firstname": "Haixia",
            "initials": "H",
            "lastname": "Chen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 510010, China.",
            "firstname": "Caijuan",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Zhong"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.",
            "firstname": "Lixuan",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "Liang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China. Yingtao9777@163.com.\nGuangzhou Medical Centre for Critical Pregnant Women, Guangzhou, 510150, China. Yingtao9777@163.com.\nGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, 510150, China. Yingtao9777@163.com.",
            "firstname": "Yingtao",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Li"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2022. The Author(s).",
    "doi": "10.1186/s12884-022-04712-0\n10.1136/bmj.l4680\n10.1111/jdi.12854\n10.1111/dme.12381\n10.1007/s00125-019-4840-2\n10.37757/MR2013V15.N1.9\n10.1007/s10735-013-9534-3\n10.2337/dc06-0914\n10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.30207\n10.1097/00003081-200006000-00006\n10.1002/ijgo.12753\n10.3109/09513590.2014.911274\n10.2337/dc10-0719\n10.1016/0002-9343(49)90382-4\n10.1007/s42000-018-0085-6\n10.1016/0091-7435(83)90236-0\n10.1067/mob.2002.127458\n10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2013.08.009\n10.2337/dc20-0261\n10.2337/dc09-1118\n10.1016/j.ajog.2020.12.219\n10.1016/j.jogc.2018.08.009\n10.1080/14767058.2019.1566310\n10.1016/S0002-9378(16)33833-9\n10.2147/DMSO.S233554\n10.1186/s12884-015-0706-x\n10.1111/ajo.12446\n10.1055/s-0036-1571323\n10.1097/AOG.0000000000001152\n10.2471/BLT.18.208447\n10.1016/S2214-109X(16)00007-3\n10.1007/s00125-013-3108-5\n10.1056/NEJMoa0902430\n10.1055/s-0031-1295642",
    "journal": "BMC pregnancy and childbirth",
    "keywords": [
        "Clinical characteristic",
        "Diabetes",
        "Insulin",
        "Pregnancy",
        "Pregnancy outcome"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2022-05-19",
    "pubmed_id": "35585514\n31434652\n29683557\n24341419\n30843102\n23396241\n23963898\n17130193\n33355674\n10863626\n30578686\n24828607\n24847517\n20190296\n15396063\n25354853\n30511333\n6878189\n12388978\n24094665\n33087319\n29322220\n19564472\n30638557\n30668174\n31140422\n4718216\n31853192\n26497130\n26852894\n26862721\n26551188\n30104793\n26823215\n24292565\n19797280\n22094918\n30461693",
    "results": "The incidence of DIP [17.10%; pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM), 2.00% (type I, 0.08%; type 2, 1.92%); gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), 14.85% (GDM A1, 13.58%; GDM A2, 1.27%)] increased annually. Premature birth, congenital anomalies, large for gestational age (LGA), neonatal asphyxia, neonatal intensive care unit transfer, hypertension, and puerperal infection were more common in DIP than in healthy pregnancies. The most common comorbidities/complications were hypertension, thyroid dysfunction, cervical incompetence, intrahepatic cholestasis, premature membrane rupture, oligo/polyhydramnios, and fetal distress. GDM incidence at ages \u226535 and\u2009\u2265\u200945\u2009years was 1.91 and 3.26 times that at age\u2009<\u200935\u2009years, respectively. If only women with high-risk factors were screened, 34.8% GDM cases would be missed. The proportion of insulin use was 14.06% (PGDM, 55%; GDM, 8.53%). Mean gestational age at peak insulin dose in DIP was 32.87\u2009\u00b1\u20095.46\u2009weeks. Peak insulin doses in PGDM and GDM were 3.67 and 2 times the initial doses, respectively. The risks of LGA, premature birth, cesarean section, and neonatal hypoglycemia in PGDM were 1.845, 1.533, 1.797, and 1.368 times of those in GDM, respectively. The risks of premature birth and neonatal hypoglycemia in women with poor glycemic control were 1.504 and 1.558 times of those in women with good control, respectively.",
    "title": "Clinical analysis of 2860 cases of diabetes in pregnancy: a single-center retrospective study.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788502a162a0>"
}