{
    "abstract": "Metformin has shown beneficial effects on reproduction in women. However, its use during pregnancy remains controversial, as metformin can cross the placenta. Most studies have focused on the metabolic impact on the offspring of treated mothers, with limited information regarding its reproductive effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential alterations in ovarian function and fertility in female offspring of mothers treated with metformin during pregnancy and lactation.\nC57BL/6 female mice were treated with metformin four weeks before mating, and the treatment was maintained during gestation and lactation. Seven weeks after weaning, metabolic parameters as well as ovarian and reproductive function of the offspring were analyzed.\nThe offspring of treated mothers were lighter at birth and, in adulthood, they had more gonadal adipose tissue with no alterations in body weight. No changes in glucose metabolism were observed. Their follicular development was modified, with more early antral and atretic follicles and less primary and late antral follicles. Anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone expression and ovarian angiogenesis were increased. The estrous cycle, hormonal production and fertility were not affected by metformin exposure, however, the F2 generation showed higher body weight at birth.\nMetformin can induce fetal programming in animals exposed to it during development, impacting metabolism and ovarian functionality in adulthood. Under physiological conditions, these alterations do not result in reduced fertility or endocrine disruptions. Our data warrant studies in women to make informed decisions regarding metformin administration during critical developmental periods in clinical settings.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Studies of the Physiopathology of the ovary laboratory, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME) - National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADL Buenos Aires, Argentina.",
            "firstname": "Candela",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Velazquez"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Studies of the Physiopathology of the ovary laboratory, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME) - National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADL Buenos Aires, Argentina.",
            "firstname": "Yamila",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Herrero"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Pedro Fiorito Hospital, Endocrinology area, Av. Manuel Belgrano 827, B1870 Avellaneda, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.",
            "firstname": "Katherine",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Prost"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Studies of the Physiopathology of the ovary laboratory, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME) - National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADL Buenos Aires, Argentina.",
            "firstname": "Mayra",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Bordaquievich"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Studies of the Physiopathology of the ovary laboratory, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME) - National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADL Buenos Aires, Argentina.",
            "firstname": "Melanie",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Neira"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Studies of the Physiopathology of the ovary laboratory, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME) - National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADL Buenos Aires, Argentina.",
            "firstname": "Fernanda",
            "initials": "F",
            "lastname": "Parborell"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Studies of the Physiopathology of the ovary laboratory, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME) - National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADL Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: d.abramovich@ibyme.conicet.gov.ar.",
            "firstname": "Dalhia",
            "initials": "D",
            "lastname": "Abramovich"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.lfs.2025.123416",
    "journal": "Life sciences",
    "keywords": [
        "Fertility",
        "Folliculogenesis",
        "Metformin",
        "Offspring",
        "Ovary",
        "Pregnancy"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-01-27",
    "pubmed_id": "39864616",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Reproductive outcomes in female mice offspring due to maternal metformin treatment.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788503b9a110>"
}