{
    "abstract": "Local cattle breeds play a critical role in breeding programs due to their genetic adaptations to diverse environmental conditions. However, the genomic architecture of local cattle breeds in Kazakhstan remains largely unexplored. This study utilized whole-genome sequencing data from Kazakh cattle to elucidate their genetic composition, uncovering three primary ancestral components: European, Eurasian, and East Asian taurine. The East Asian taurine lineage likely represents the earliest genetic contribution to Kazakh cattle but was largely replaced by subsequent waves of cattle migrations across Eurasia, leaving only a minor genetic signature in the current cattle population. In contrast, Eurasian taurine ancestry predominated in the Alatau and Kazakh local breeds, while the European taurine component was most prevalent in Kazakh white-headed cattle, consistent with their documented breeding history. Kazakh cattle exhibited higher genetic diversity and lower inbreeding coefficients compared to European commercial breeds, reflecting reduced exposure to intense artificial selection. A strong selection signal was identified on chromosome 6 at a locus encompassing \n\u5730\u65b9\u725b\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u80fd\u9002\u5e94\u591a\u6837\u5316\u73af\u5883\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u54c1\u79cd\u9009\u80b2\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u65af\u5766\u5730\u65b9\u725b\u54c1\u79cd\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u7279\u5f81\u5c1a\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u5145\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u65af\u5766\u725b\u7684\u5168\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u6d4b\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u9057\u4f20\u6210\u5206\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u6b27\u6d32\u666e\u901a\u725b\u3001\u6b27\u4e9a\u666e\u901a\u725b\u548c\u4e1c\u4e9a\u666e\u901a\u725b\u4e09\u79cd\u7956\u5148\u8840\u7edf\u6784\u6210\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e1c\u4e9a\u666e\u901a\u725b\u8840\u7edf\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u65af\u5766\u725b\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u7956\u5148\u8840\u7edf\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u7531\u4e8e\u725b\u7fa4\u5728\u6b27\u4e9a\u5927\u9646\u4e0a\u7684\u8fc1\u5f99\u548c\u6742\u4ea4\uff0c\u8be5\u8840\u7edf\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u6b27\u4e9a\u666e\u901a\u725b\u8840\u7edf\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u963f\u62c9\u5957\u725b\u548c\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u65af\u5766\u5730\u65b9\u54c1\u79cd\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7956\u5148\u8840\u7edf\u4e3a\u6b27\u4e9a\u666e\u901a\u725b\uff0c\u800c\u6b27\u6d32\u666e\u901a\u725b\u8840\u7edf\u5728\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u65af\u5766\u767d\u5934\u725b\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u9009\u80b2\u5386\u53f2\u76f8\u7b26\u5408\u3002\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u5546\u4e1a\u54c1\u79cd\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u65af\u5766\u725b\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u8fd1\u4ea4\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5176\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u9009\u62e9\u5f3a\u5ea6\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u57286\u53f7\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\uff08\u5305\u542b ",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.\nFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan.\nResearch and Production Enterprise \"ANTIGEN\" Co. Ltd., Abai Village, Almaty 050409, Kazakhstan.",
            "firstname": "Zhannur",
            "initials": "Z",
            "lastname": "Niyazbekova"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.",
            "firstname": "Yuan",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Xu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.",
            "firstname": "Min",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Qiu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.",
            "firstname": "Hao-Ping",
            "initials": "HP",
            "lastname": "Wang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan.",
            "firstname": "Ibragimov",
            "initials": "I",
            "lastname": "Primkul"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.\nCollege of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.",
            "firstname": "Hojjat Asadollahpour",
            "initials": "HA",
            "lastname": "Nanaei"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan.",
            "firstname": "Yessengali",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Ussenbekov"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.",
            "firstname": "Kuanysh",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Kassen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China.",
            "firstname": "Yi",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Liu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.",
            "firstname": "Cai-Yue",
            "initials": "CY",
            "lastname": "Gao"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Research and Production Enterprise \"ANTIGEN\" Co. Ltd., Abai Village, Almaty 050409, Kazakhstan.",
            "firstname": "Shynar",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Akhmetsadykova"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Husbandry and Biotechnology, Samarkand 140103, Uzbekistan.",
            "firstname": "Nuriddin",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Ruzikulov"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. E-mail: yu.jiang@nwafu.edu.cn.",
            "firstname": "Yu",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Jiang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. E-mail: yudong.cai@nwafu.edu.cn.",
            "firstname": "Yu-Dong",
            "initials": "YD",
            "lastname": "Cai"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": "10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.235\n10.3390/d13080351\n10.1186/1471-2105-12-246\n10.3844/ojbsci.2024.64.70\n10.3844/ajavsp.2021.318.326\n10.4308/hjb.29.3.301-309\n10.1034/j.1600-0749.2003.00067.x\n10.1038/nrg.2017.109\n10.1038/s41467-018-04737-0\n10.1111/jbg.12479\n10.1186/s13059-019-1909-7\n10.1093/bioinformatics/bty560\n10.1038/s41598-019-49100-5\n10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01389.x\n10.1093/bioinformatics/btr330\n10.1093/gigascience/giab008\n10.1007/s13353-019-00528-5\n10.1038/s41467-022-34630-w\n10.1371/journal.pone.0099544\n10.1186/s12711-020-00571-5\n10.1016/j.jgg.2022.01.003\n10.1371/journal.pgen.0030195\n10.3389/fimmu.2019.01078\n10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115024\n10.1038/ncomms14061\n10.1186/s13059-020-02107-y\n10.3390/genes11020196\n10.1186/s12711-019-0506-2\n10.1186/s13059-017-1153-y\n10.1017/S175173111500213X\n10.1093/nar/gkab301\n10.1186/s12864-018-5208-6\n10.1371/journal.pone.0260188\n10.1186/s12864-024-10633-3\n10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01936.x\n10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.009\n10.1038/s41588-022-01153-5\n10.1016/j.livsci.2014.01.004\n10.1093/molbev/msx322\n10.1093/molbev/msaa015\n10.1101/gr.4252305\n10.1093/bioinformatics/btv566\n10.1093/molbev/msad054\n10.1534/genetics.112.145037\n10.1371/journal.pgen.0020190\n10.1093/genetics/160.1.305\n10.1086/519795\n10.1007/s11250-023-03535-1\n10.1093/jhered/90.6.629\n10.1186/s12711-017-0344-z\n10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.07.012\n10.1038/s41592-018-0001-7\n10.1007/s00439-020-02132-8\n10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.176\n10.1186/s12863-019-0755-7\n10.1093/molbev/msu211\n10.1186/s12863-016-0467-1\n10.1038/s41581-022-00587-8\n10.1186/s12864-023-09235-2\n10.1186/s12711-019-0496-0\n10.3389/fgene.2018.00728\n10.1038/s41437-021-00428-7\n10.1186/s12864-020-07340-0\n10.1093/nar/gkr483\n10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.360\n10.5713/ab.20.0751\n10.1093/bioinformatics/bty875\n10.3389/fgene.2019.00072",
    "journal": "Zoological research",
    "keywords": [
        "Alatau cattle",
        "Genetic diversity",
        "Kazakh white-headed cattle",
        "Local breed",
        "Selection signatures.",
        "Whole-genome sequencing"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-02-20",
    "pubmed_id": "39973139\n21682921\n37893993\n12859616\n29335644\n29904051\n32297417\n31856913\n30423086\n31477767\n16573531\n21653522\n33590861\n31673966\n36379955\n25148050\n32887549\n35114403\n17997609\n31231358\n30508490\n34573458\n28117401\n32746918\n32069836\n31703548\n28219390\n26503101\n33885785\n30419816\n34793556\n39080522\n19531114\n30257803\n35953587\n8146187\n17437992\n29294071\n32011700\n35565582\n16251466\n26428292\n36869755\n22960212\n17194218\n11805065\n17701901\n36928332\n10589513\n28923017\n31351181\n29713083\n32076829\n34766477\n31269900\n25015648\n28183280\n35726016\n37024818\n31578144\n30687392\n33782560\n33421990\n21715386\n35238185\n33677919\n38709433\n30321304\n30838020",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Whole-genome sequencing reveals genetic architecture and selection signatures of Kazakh cattle.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x78850351d8a0>"
}