{
    "abstract": "The contamination of fresh surface waters poses a significant burden on human health and prosperity, especially in marginalized communities with limited resources and inadequate infrastructure. Here, we performed in-depth genomic analyses of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR-B) isolated from Al-Oueik river water that is used for irrigation of agricultural fields in a disenfranchised area that also hosts a makeshift Syrian refugee camp.\nA composite freshwater sample was filtered. Faecal coliforms were counted and extended spectrum cephalosporins and/or ertapenem resistant bacteria were screened. Isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF-MS and analysed using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to identify the resistome, sequence types, plasmid types, and virulence genes.\nApproximately 10\nThis report provides comprehensive genomic analyses of MDR-B in irrigation water in Lebanon. Our results further support that irrigation water contaminated with faecal material can be a reservoir of important MDR-B, which can spread to adjacent agricultural fields and other water bodies, posing both public health and food safety issues. Therefore, there is an urgent need to implement effective water quality monitoring and management programs to control the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant pathogens in irrigation water in Lebanon.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Electronic address: marwan.osman@yale.edu.",
            "firstname": "Marwan",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Osman"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Laboratoire Microbiologie Sant\u00e9 et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon; Team 'Resist' UMR1184, 'Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB', INSERM, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France.",
            "firstname": "Dina",
            "initials": "D",
            "lastname": "Daaboul"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming.",
            "firstname": "Anahita Ghorbani",
            "initials": "AG",
            "lastname": "Tajani"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Laboratoire Microbiologie Sant\u00e9 et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon; Quality Control Center Laboratories at the Chamber of Commerce, Industry & Agriculture of Tripoli & North Lebanon, Tripoli, Lebanon.",
            "firstname": "Khaled",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "El Omari"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming.",
            "firstname": "Bledar",
            "initials": "B",
            "lastname": "Bisha"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia.",
            "firstname": "Jouman",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Hassan"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Population Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York.",
            "firstname": "Casey L",
            "initials": "CL",
            "lastname": "Cazer"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.",
            "firstname": "Kathryn J",
            "initials": "KJ",
            "lastname": "Fiorella"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Molecular Biology and Ume\u00e5 Centre for Microbial Research, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden.",
            "firstname": "Nabil",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Karah"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Infection, Imperial College, St Marys Hospital, London, Syria Public Health Network, London, United Kingdom.",
            "firstname": "Aula",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Abbara"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Laboratoire Microbiologie Sant\u00e9 et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon.",
            "firstname": "Monzer",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Hamze"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.",
            "firstname": "Kevin J",
            "initials": "KJ",
            "lastname": "Cummings"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Team 'Resist' UMR1184, 'Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB', INSERM, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France; Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, AP-HP Paris-Saclay, Bic\u00eatre Hospital Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France; Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France.",
            "firstname": "Thierry",
            "initials": "T",
            "lastname": "Naas"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia.",
            "firstname": "Issmat I",
            "initials": "II",
            "lastname": "Kassem"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "This report provides comprehensive genomic analyses of MDR-B in irrigation water in Lebanon. Our results further support that irrigation water contaminated with faecal material can be a reservoir of important MDR-B, which can spread to adjacent agricultural fields and other water bodies, posing both public health and food safety issues. Therefore, there is an urgent need to implement effective water quality monitoring and management programs to control the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant pathogens in irrigation water in Lebanon.",
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.jgar.2023.12.016",
    "journal": "Journal of global antimicrobial resistance",
    "keywords": [
        "Antimicrobial resistance",
        "NDM-5",
        "One Health",
        "Refugee",
        "River",
        "Water quality"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2023-12-29",
    "pubmed_id": "38154747",
    "results": "Approximately 10",
    "title": "Multidrug-resistant pathogens contaminate river water used in irrigation in disenfranchised communities.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x78850335b010>"
}