{
    "abstract": "This study sought to establish whether temperature gradients between the cervix, vagina, and rectum at and 7 days post-artificial insemination (AI) were associated with the incidence of pregnancy in lactating dairy cows (Experiment I; n = 90 ovulating cows) and to evaluate temperature gradient dynamics from the time of insemination to 7 days post-AI under heat stress conditions (Experiment II; n = 16 ovulating and 4 non-ovulating cows). In Experiment I, 39 cows (43.3%) became pregnant. The odds ratio for pregnancy was 2.5 for each one-tenth of a degree drop in cervical temperature with reference to the control rectal temperature at the time of AI (P = 0.01), whereas the same decrease in the cervix-rectum temperature differential 7 days post-AI resulted in an odds ratio of 0.44 (P = 0.02). In Experiment II, 5 of the ovulating cows (31.3%) became pregnant. The mean values of the vagina-rectum, vagina-cervix, and cervix-rectum temperature differentials at AI (day 0), 8 h, 24 h, and 7 days post-AI changed significantly from day 0 to day 7 (within-subject effect; P < 0.02) in ovulating cows but not in non-ovulating cows. Temperature differentials on days 0 and 7 were similar between ovulating cows and cows of Experiment I. Overall, our findings support the notion that a temperature differential between the caudal cervical canal and rectum at AI may be an indicator of the likelihood of pregnancy. Possible prospects of confirming estrus at the herd-level are also suggested.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Agrotecnio Centre; University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.\nTransfer in Bovine Reproduction SLu, 22300 Barbastro, Spain.",
            "firstname": "Fernando",
            "initials": "F",
            "lastname": "L\u00f3pez-Gatius"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Agrotecnio Centre; University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.\nDepartment of Animal Science, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.",
            "firstname": "Irina",
            "initials": "I",
            "lastname": "Garcia-Ispierto"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Sidney Sussex College, University of Cambridge, England.\n3 Pleasants Steading, Oxnam, Jedburgh TD8 6QZ, Scotland.",
            "firstname": "Ronald H F",
            "initials": "RHF",
            "lastname": "Hunter"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": "10.1262/jrd.2021-022",
    "journal": "The Journal of reproduction and development",
    "keywords": [
        "Artificial insemination",
        "Body temperature differentials",
        "Delayed ovulation",
        "Low cervical temperature",
        "Ovulation failure"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2021-06-01",
    "pubmed_id": "34053994\n22369989\n29077897\n32682213\n16703612\n32062640\n28211166\n30626786\n30902764\n32077103\n4720081\n29605321\n32435293\n32247952\n30767310\n32002237\n32592295\n23095515\n25196275\n22153267\n12620583\n17412409\n15725438\n26025242\n21458050\n8216079\n20965340\n21478652\n10732008\n15819952",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Cervix-rectum temperature differential at the time of insemination is correlated with the potential for pregnancy in dairy cows.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788504d84220>"
}