{
    "abstract": "This study aimed to improve the delivery efficacy of andrographolide (Andro) by encapsulating it in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and to evaluate its effectiveness in reducing systemic inflammation. These AndroNLCs exhibited homogeneity with a particle size of 131.40\u2009\u00b1\u20091.30\u00a0nm and approximately 89% encapsulation efficiency. AndroNLCs potentially enhanced oral efficacy by improving gastrointestinal stability, with reduced toxicity and inflammation in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Inflammation was induced in sexually active C57BL/6 male mice with five intraperitoneal doses of 63\u00a0\u00b5g/kg TNF-alpha every three days. This was accompanied by daily oral administration of 10\u00a0mg/kg AndroNLCs, venlafaxine, or 1\u00a0mg/kg dexamethasone for 14 days. Mice with TNF-alpha-induced inflammation showed sickness signs and abnormal behaviors, assessed via physical changes, anxiety and depression tests (i.e.,\u00a0open field, elevated-T maze, tail suspension, and forced swimming), and biochemical assays. These changes included weight loss and compensatory responses to inflammation, as indicated by increased immune- and stress-modulated organ weights, elevated serum corticosterone levels, altered liver function markers, and higher levels of hippocampal IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Furthermore, histological analysis showed pyknotic cells, reduced layer thickness, and decreased hippocampal cell survival. Conversely, AndroNLCs significantly improved stress- and inflammation-related markers, alleviated behavioral abnormalities, reduced liver toxicity, and restored hippocampal morphology, showing effects greater than Andro alone and comparable to traditional treatments. These findings suggest that AndroNLCs have therapeutic effects on neuroinflammation but may risk contributing to mood disorders.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 10120, Thailand.\nDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Siam University, Bangkok, 10160, Thailand.",
            "firstname": "Sarawut",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Lapmanee"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "National Nanotechnology Centre, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.",
            "firstname": "Natchanon",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Rimsueb"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "National Nanotechnology Centre, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.",
            "firstname": "Phichaporn",
            "initials": "P",
            "lastname": "Bunwatcharaphansakun"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "National Nanotechnology Centre, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.",
            "firstname": "Katawut",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Namdee"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Center for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.",
            "firstname": "Prapimpun",
            "initials": "P",
            "lastname": "Wongchitrat"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Siam University, Bangkok, 10160, Thailand.",
            "firstname": "Sakkarin",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Bhubhanil"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Siam University, Bangkok, 10160, Thailand.",
            "firstname": "Nattapon",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Supkamonseni"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.",
            "firstname": "Natthawut",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Charoenphon"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Faculty of Medicine, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand.",
            "firstname": "Anjaree",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Inchan"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "National Nanotechnology Centre, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.",
            "firstname": "Rattaporn",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Saenmuangchin"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "National Nanotechnology Centre, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand. mattaka@nanotec.or.th.",
            "firstname": "Mattaka",
            "initials": "M",
            "lastname": "Khongkow"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2025. The Author(s).",
    "doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-96758-1",
    "journal": "Scientific reports",
    "keywords": [
        "Andrographolide",
        "Inflammation",
        "Nanostructured lipid carrier",
        "Stress",
        "TNF-alpha"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-04-09",
    "pubmed_id": "40200039\n29467962\n36499232\n34505025\n38435986\n31068783\n34055387\n32161729\n27679767\n31322459\n27515532\n32714488\n35354926\n26290874\n36127354\n35802283\n37153279\n36238575\n37571363\n34824314\n35305248\n37833962\n38675175\n38351624\n38089666\n28592843\n29783687\n34637312\n34296074\n37416680\n27940083\n34946734\n23557985\n38004577\n25110055\n27084510\n37334102\n26686654\n29304053\n20685290\n31259292\n30367959\n26802985\n31181145\n11474845\n29099859\n29146293\n31187188\n26798521\n26810454\n24803111\n30577543\n26151008\n35654971\n37518767",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Oral andrographolide loaded lipid nanocarriers alleviate stress behaviors and hippocampal damage in TNF alpha induced neuroinflammatory mice.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788502748630>"
}