{
    "abstract": "To assess the performance of two point (2-pt) Dixon-based chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging for fat suppression in renal transplant patients.\nThe 2-pt Dixon-based CEST MRI was validated in an egg-phantom and in fourteen renal transplant recipients (5 females and 9 males; age range: 23-78\u00a0years; mean age: 51\u00a0\u00b1\u00a016.8). All CEST experiments were performed on a 3\u00a0T clinical MRI scanner using a dual-echo CEST sequence. The 2-pt Dixon technique was applied to generate water-only CEST images at different frequency offsets, which were further used to calculate the z-spectra. The magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTR\nResults of the in vitro experiments suggest that the 2-pt Dixon technique enables effective fat peak removal and does not introduce additional asymmetries to the z-spectrum. Accordingly, our results in vivo show that the fat-corrected amide proton transfer (APT) effect in the kidney is significantly higher compared to that obtained from the CEST data acquired close to the in-phase condition both in the renal cortex (-0.1 [0.7] vs. -0.7 [1.2], P\u00a0=\u00a00.029) and medulla (0.3 [0.8] vs. 0.01 [1.3], P\u00a0=\u00a00.049), indicating that the 2-pt Dixon-based CEST method increases the specificity of the APT contrast by correcting the fat-induced artifacts.\nCombination of the dual-echo CEST acquisition with Dixon post-processing provides effective water-fat separation, allowing more accurate quantification of the APT CEST effect in the transplanted kidney.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: stabinska@kennedykrieger.org.",
            "firstname": "Julia",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Stabinska"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: Anja.Lutz@med.uni-duesseldorf.de.",
            "firstname": "Anja",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "M\u00fcller-Lutz"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: Hans-Joerg.Wittsack@med.uni-duesseldorf.de.",
            "firstname": "Hans-J\u00f6rg",
            "initials": "HJ",
            "lastname": "Wittsack"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: Christian.Tell@med.uni-duesseldorf.de.",
            "firstname": "Christian",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Tell"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: Christian.Rump@med.uni-duesseldorf.de.",
            "firstname": "Lars Christian",
            "initials": "LC",
            "lastname": "Rump"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: Neslihan.Ertas@med.uni-duesseldorf.de.",
            "firstname": "Neslihan",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Ertas"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: Antoch@med.uni-duesseldorf.de.",
            "firstname": "Gerald",
            "initials": "G",
            "lastname": "Antoch"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: Alexandra.Ljimani@med.uni-duesseldorf.de.",
            "firstname": "Alexandra",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Ljimani"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "Combination of the dual-echo CEST acquisition with Dixon post-processing provides effective water-fat separation, allowing more accurate quantification of the APT CEST effect in the transplanted kidney.",
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.mri.2022.04.004",
    "journal": "Magnetic resonance imaging",
    "keywords": [
        "APT",
        "Amide proton transfer",
        "CEST",
        "Dixon",
        "Fat",
        "Kidney",
        "Renal allograft"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2022-04-28",
    "pubmed_id": "35476934",
    "results": "Results of the in vitro experiments suggest that the 2-pt Dixon technique enables effective fat peak removal and does not introduce additional asymmetries to the z-spectrum. Accordingly, our results in vivo show that the fat-corrected amide proton transfer (APT) effect in the kidney is significantly higher compared to that obtained from the CEST data acquired close to the in-phase condition both in the renal cortex (-0.1 [0.7] vs. -0.7 [1.2], P\u00a0=\u00a00.029) and medulla (0.3 [0.8] vs. 0.01 [1.3], P\u00a0=\u00a00.049), indicating that the 2-pt Dixon-based CEST method increases the specificity of the APT contrast by correcting the fat-induced artifacts.",
    "title": "Two point Dixon-based chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI in renal transplant patients on 3\u00a0T.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788503ea7ba0>"
}