{
    "abstract": "The neutropenic diet has been a long-standing approach to preventing infection in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCTs), although data on its efficacy are inconclusive and its restrictive nature might contribute to harm by reducing dietary intake in this patient population who typically experiences poor oral intake. The aim was to determine if a liberalized diet (LD), in comparison with a neutropenic hospital diet (ND), would improve energy intake and lessen weight loss during neutropenia in patients with HSCTs.\nA randomized controlled trial was conducted in a single-center HSCT/hematologic malignancy unit. The diet interventions were initiated when absolute neutrophil counts dropped to <500\u2009cells/mm\nMeal intake compliance (consuming at least 50% of meals/day) was not different between groups (LD, 47%; ND, 43%; P\u2009=\u20090.66). Of the 191 patients assessed (LD, n\u2009=\u200992; ND, n\u2009=\u200999), mean (SD) energy, 678 (349) vs 724 (393)\u2009kcal/d (P\u2009=\u20090.46), and protein, 30.3 (18.5) vs 30.4 (18.1)\u2009g/day (P\u2009=\u20090.89) did not differ between groups nor did weight change, 0.3 (2.5) vs 1.2 (4.1)\u2009kg (P\u2009=\u20090.22) during neutropenia. None vs higher than or equal to grade 1 mucositis, allogeneic vs autologous stem cell transplantation, and fewer days on intervention favored higher energy and protein intakes.\nEnergy intake during neutropenia did not improve with a LD encouraging fresh fruits and vegetables. Thus, alternative approaches to improving dietary intake, such as energy-dense and nutrient-dense foods with sensory characteristics acceptable to patients experiencing significant mucositis, require exploration.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Food and Nutrition Services, University of Florida Health Shands Hospital, Gainesville, Florida, USA.",
            "firstname": "Jenna N",
            "initials": "JN",
            "lastname": "Schulz"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Food and Nutrition Services, University of Florida Health Shands Hospital, Gainesville, Florida, USA.",
            "firstname": "Kristina H",
            "initials": "KH",
            "lastname": "McGee"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.",
            "firstname": "Michael T",
            "initials": "MT",
            "lastname": "Weaver"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Hematology/Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.",
            "firstname": "John R",
            "initials": "JR",
            "lastname": "Wingard"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Hematology/Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.",
            "firstname": "Precious D",
            "initials": "PD",
            "lastname": "Williams"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Hematology/Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.",
            "firstname": "Christina L",
            "initials": "CL",
            "lastname": "Cline"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Hematology/Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.",
            "firstname": "Nosha",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Farhadfar"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.",
            "firstname": "Debra",
            "initials": "D",
            "lastname": "Lynch-Kelly"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Hematology/Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.",
            "firstname": "Zeina A",
            "initials": "ZA",
            "lastname": "Al-Mansour"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida/IFAS, Gainesville, Florida, USA.",
            "firstname": "Wendy J",
            "initials": "WJ",
            "lastname": "Dahl"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "Energy intake during neutropenia did not improve with a LD encouraging fresh fruits and vegetables. Thus, alternative approaches to improving dietary intake, such as energy-dense and nutrient-dense foods with sensory characteristics acceptable to patients experiencing significant mucositis, require exploration.",
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Nutrition in Clinical Practice published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.",
    "doi": "10.1002/ncp.11264",
    "journal": "Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition",
    "keywords": [
        "adult",
        "hematopoietic/stem cell transplant",
        "life cycle",
        "neutropenic diet",
        "oncology",
        "research and diseases",
        "weight loss"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2024-12-20",
    "pubmed_id": "39704085",
    "results": "Meal intake compliance (consuming at least 50% of meals/day) was not different between groups (LD, 47%; ND, 43%; P\u2009=\u20090.66). Of the 191 patients assessed (LD, n\u2009=\u200992; ND, n\u2009=\u200999), mean (SD) energy, 678 (349) vs 724 (393)\u2009kcal/d (P\u2009=\u20090.46), and protein, 30.3 (18.5) vs 30.4 (18.1)\u2009g/day (P\u2009=\u20090.89) did not differ between groups nor did weight change, 0.3 (2.5) vs 1.2 (4.1)\u2009kg (P\u2009=\u20090.22) during neutropenia. None vs higher than or equal to grade 1 mucositis, allogeneic vs autologous stem cell transplantation, and fewer days on intervention favored higher energy and protein intakes.",
    "title": "A liberalized diet does not improve caloric intake during neutropenia in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplants: A prospective randomized controlled trial.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x7885046dde90>"
}