{
    "abstract": "This study evaluates the analgesic efficacy of ketamine and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant with ropivacaine 0.2% in pectoral nerve type II block (PECS-II) in modified radical mastectomy. The primary outcome of the study was the time to first rescue analgesia postoperatively. The secondary outcomes were intraoperative and postoperative opioid consumption and postoperative pain on the numerical rating scale.\nSeventy-five adult female patients who underwent a modified radical mastectomy participated in this prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical trial. The patients received 30 ml of 0.2% ropivacaine with or without adjuvants by the ultrasound-guided PECS-II block. Group R (\nDuration of analgesia determined by time to first rescue analgesia was longer in group RD (18.42 \u00b1 02.15 h) compared to group RK (15.91 \u00b1 03.21 h) and group R (14.64 \u00b1 02.85 h), which was statistically significant (\nWe conclude that dexmedetomidine with 0.2% ropivacaine in the PECS-II block provides better postoperative analgesia and has less sedative effects than ketamine with 0.2% ropivacaine.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Anaesthesiology Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.",
            "firstname": "Dharani",
            "initials": "D",
            "lastname": "Lenin"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Anaesthesiology, AIIMS Patna, Bihar, India.",
            "firstname": "Rajnish",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Kumar"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Anaesthesiology, AIIMS Patna, Bihar, India.",
            "firstname": "Nishant",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Sahay"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Anaesthesiology, AIIMS Patna, Bihar, India.",
            "firstname": "Abhyuday",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Kumar"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Anaesthesiology, AIIMS Patna, Bihar, India.",
            "firstname": "Poonam",
            "initials": "P",
            "lastname": "Kumari"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Surgery, AIIMS Patna, Bihar, India.",
            "firstname": "Prashant Kumar",
            "initials": "PK",
            "lastname": "Singh"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "We conclude that dexmedetomidine with 0.2% ropivacaine in the PECS-II block provides better postoperative analgesia and has less sedative effects than ketamine with 0.2% ropivacaine.",
    "copyrights": "Copyright: \u00a9 2025 Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology.",
    "doi": "10.4103/joacp.joacp_497_23",
    "journal": "Journal of anaesthesiology, clinical pharmacology",
    "keywords": [
        "Dexmedetomidine",
        "ketamine",
        "mastectomy",
        "patient-controlled analgesia",
        "postoperative pain",
        "ropivacaine"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-04-18",
    "pubmed_id": "40248781\n31784873\n30700614\n30983571\n33456800\n31391615\n30957884\n29416236\n35433294\n32606635\n35777735\n33259450\n29565951\n29962525\n30104834\n32431587\n21658028\n35001950\n27676665\n25376971\n34746491\n33686482\n35840593\n35680847",
    "results": "Duration of analgesia determined by time to first rescue analgesia was longer in group RD (18.42 \u00b1 02.15 h) compared to group RK (15.91 \u00b1 03.21 h) and group R (14.64 \u00b1 02.85 h), which was statistically significant (",
    "title": "Comparison of ropivacaine alone versus dexmedetomidine or ketamine as an adjuvant for pectoral type II nerve blocks in patients undergoing mastectomy - A randomized controlled trial.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788501f95620>"
}