{
    "abstract": "Depression and anxiety were not only common but also with serious consequence in infertility patients. The current study endeavors to define distinct depression and anxiety profiles of infertility patients and identify central symptoms within different profiles to facilitate targeted interventions.\nThe research employed K-means Clustering to delineate the depression and anxiety profiles, followed by a repetition of the analysis using Latent Class Analysis (LCA). Furthermore, network analysis was utilized to identify central symptoms within the various profiles.\nK\u2011means Clustering identified Cluster 1 (16.15%), Cluster 2 (37.08%) and Cluster 3 (46.77%), while LCA yielded the low-risk group (47.23%), the mild-risk group (34.46%) and the high-risk group (18.31%). A majority of patients in the three clusters were predominantly in a single LCA-derived patient class (88.38-100%). Network analysis revealed that connections within each symptom in PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were stronger than those between symptoms. Furthermore, PHQ 2 (\"sad mood\"), GAD 1 (\"nervousness\") and GAD 2 (\"uncontrollable worry\") were identified as the central symptoms in Cluster 1 GAD 3 (\"excessive worry\"), GAD 2 (\"uncontrollable worry\") and GAD 5 (\"restlessness\") emerged as the central symptoms in Cluster 2) Additionally, PHQ 4 (\"fatigue\"), GAD 6 (\"irritability\") and GAD 3 (\"excessive worry\") were identified as the central symptoms in Cluster 3.\nWe defined three distinct depression and anxiety profiles among infertility patients and pinpointed central symptoms within each profile. These findings underscore the importance of directing research towards those central symptoms within each profile in order to develop targeted intervention strategies.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Operation Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.\nDepartment of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.",
            "firstname": "Fang",
            "initials": "F",
            "lastname": "Liu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Operation Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.",
            "firstname": "Wei",
            "initials": "W",
            "lastname": "Qiao"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Reproductive Center, Dalian Women and Children's Medical Group, Dalian, China.",
            "firstname": "Wenju",
            "initials": "W",
            "lastname": "Han"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.",
            "firstname": "Xueming",
            "initials": "X",
            "lastname": "Fan"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Operation Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.",
            "firstname": "Yingbo",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Chen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Operation Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.",
            "firstname": "Ruonan",
            "initials": "R",
            "lastname": "Lu"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Operation Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.",
            "firstname": "Yujie",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Zhai"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Reproductive Center, Dalian Women and Children's Medical Group, Dalian, China.",
            "firstname": "Tianci",
            "initials": "T",
            "lastname": "Pan"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.\nHenan International Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Zhengzhou, China.\nHenan Psychiatric Transformation Research Key Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China.",
            "firstname": "Xiuxia",
            "initials": "X",
            "lastname": "Yuan"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. fccsongxq@zzu.edu.cn.\nHenan International Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Zhengzhou, China. fccsongxq@zzu.edu.cn.\nHenan Psychiatric Transformation Research Key Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China. fccsongxq@zzu.edu.cn.",
            "firstname": "Xueqin",
            "initials": "X",
            "lastname": "Song"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Operation Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. zdcwk2007@126.com.",
            "firstname": "Dongqing",
            "initials": "D",
            "lastname": "Zhang"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2025. The Author(s).",
    "doi": "10.1186/s12888-025-06637-2",
    "journal": "BMC psychiatry",
    "keywords": [
        "Anxiety",
        "Depression",
        "Infertility",
        "K-means clustering",
        "Latent class analysis",
        "Network analysis"
    ],
    "methods": "The research employed K-means Clustering to delineate the depression and anxiety profiles, followed by a repetition of the analysis using Latent Class Analysis (LCA). Furthermore, network analysis was utilized to identify central symptoms within the various profiles.",
    "publication_date": "2025-03-12",
    "pubmed_id": "40069660\n36389481\n35354629\n36123644\n38224730\n28326521\n38093258\n25154674\n29914527\n33663615\n32313665\n37821902\n28413943\n37690112\n34883088\n22705468\n35837724\n34986837\n33306116\n29165287\n33370703\n33165028\n31734692\n34986837\n27623748\n35837642\n23537483\n34059013\n31199819\n39593046\n32515813\n35357877\n31500644\n33126078\n25023953\n34372690\n36376799\n32090765\n35021993\n31545648\n36810070\n38524176\n37086797\n27505622\n38580689\n35093329\n26140369\n26431545\n26458184",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Using network analysis to identify central symptoms of depression and anxiety in different profiles of infertility patients.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x7885045d8810>"
}