{
    "abstract": "Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant complication in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study sought to explore the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of AKI in ICH patients using a comprehensive national database.\nData from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database (2010-2019) were analyzed. This analysis compared demographics, comorbidities, complications, mortality, and healthcare utilization between ICH patients who developed AKI and those who did not. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for AKI and assess their impact on in-hospital outcomes.\nThe incidence of AKI among ICH patients increased from 10.7% in 2010 to 19.6% by 2019, yielding an overall incidence rate of 15%. Risk factors included, Black race, comorbidities (\u2265 3), teaching hospital setting, and specific pre-existing conditions such as heart failure, coagulopathy, diabetes, fluid and electrolyte disorders, other neurological disorders, obesity, paralysis, chronic kidney disease excluding ESRD, peptic ulcer disease (without bleeding), and weight loss. Conversely, female sex and elective admissions acted as protective factors. AKI-related in-hospital complications encompassed acute myocardial infarction, pneumonia, sepsis, cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, and mechanical ventilation. AKI was associated with higher in-hospital mortality (26.9% vs. 18.5%), prolonged hospital stays (median duration of 9 days vs. 5 days for non-AKI patients) and increased requirement for dialysis (3.1% vs. 0.0%). Healthcare costs were significantly elevated, with median charges doubling for AKI patients.\nAKI is a frequent and severe complication among patients with ICH, markedly influencing clinical outcomes and healthcare resource utilization. Early identification of high-risk patients and implementation of effective preventive strategies are critical to enhance patient management and outcomes.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": null,
            "firstname": "Binbin",
            "initials": "B",
            "lastname": "Tian"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China.",
            "firstname": "Xuanhe",
            "initials": "X",
            "lastname": "Tang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.",
            "firstname": "Linling",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "He"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524003, China.",
            "firstname": "Junfen",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Cheng"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.",
            "firstname": "Jian",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Wang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.",
            "firstname": "Silin",
            "initials": "S",
            "lastname": "Liang"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Critical Care Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524045, China.",
            "firstname": "Junde",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Mo"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China.",
            "firstname": "Chunbo",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Chen"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "AKI is a frequent and severe complication among patients with ICH, markedly influencing clinical outcomes and healthcare resource utilization. Early identification of high-risk patients and implementation of effective preventive strategies are critical to enhance patient management and outcomes.",
    "copyrights": "Copyright \u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the Shock Society.",
    "doi": "10.1097/SHK.0000000000002577",
    "journal": "Shock (Augusta, Ga.)",
    "keywords": [],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-03-28",
    "pubmed_id": "40152765",
    "results": "The incidence of AKI among ICH patients increased from 10.7% in 2010 to 19.6% by 2019, yielding an overall incidence rate of 15%. Risk factors included, Black race, comorbidities (\u2265 3), teaching hospital setting, and specific pre-existing conditions such as heart failure, coagulopathy, diabetes, fluid and electrolyte disorders, other neurological disorders, obesity, paralysis, chronic kidney disease excluding ESRD, peptic ulcer disease (without bleeding), and weight loss. Conversely, female sex and elective admissions acted as protective factors. AKI-related in-hospital complications encompassed acute myocardial infarction, pneumonia, sepsis, cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, and mechanical ventilation. AKI was associated with higher in-hospital mortality (26.9% vs. 18.5%), prolonged hospital stays (median duration of 9 days vs. 5 days for non-AKI patients) and increased requirement for dialysis (3.1% vs. 0.0%). Healthcare costs were significantly elevated, with median charges doubling for AKI patients.",
    "title": "Predictors and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients: Evidence from a Large-Scale National Database Analysis.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788505d0de40>"
}