{
    "abstract": "Although early-onset dementia (EOD) is associated with diagnostic challenges that differ from those of related to late-onset dementia, only limited studies have addressed the neuropsychological and health characteristics or specified the diagnoses underlying early-onset cognitive impairment in a real-world clinical setting.\nTo investigate the neuropsychological profiles, etiologies, and comorbidities of an unselected cohort of memory clinic patients (\u226465 years at symptom onset).\nThe patients' (n\u200a=\u200a210) diagnoses were determined based on comprehensive diagnostic workup. Medical comorbidities and neuropsychological profiles were compared between clinically relevant patient groups, namely early-onset dementia (n\u200a=\u200a55), mild cognitive impairment due to vascular or suspected neurodegenerative (MCI-n, n\u200a=\u200a35) or non-neurodegenerative (MCI-o, n\u200a=\u200a106) etiologies, and subjective cognitive decline (n\u200a=\u200a14).\nThe most prevalent diagnoses were Alzheimer's disease (AD, 14%) and depression (11%). Multiple prior medical conditions were common (67%); however, EOD patients had fewer other diagnoses (p\u200a=\u200a0.008) than MCI-o patients. Compared to other groups, EOD patients had more severe deficits (p\u200a<\u200a0.001) on immediate and delayed memory, processing speed, symptom awareness, and global cognition. AD patients had weaker memory retention ability but less behavioral symptoms than frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients (p\u22640.05). Depression was associated with better immediate memory, symptom awareness, and global cognition than AD and FTD (p\u200a<\u200a0.05).\nEOD is associated with more severe and widespread neuropsychological deficits but fewer prior medical diagnoses than nondegenerative etiologies of cognitive impairment. AD and depression are common etiologies and the neuropsychological profiles are partly overlapping; however, memory, symptom awareness and global cognitive impairment measures may help in the differential diagnosis.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.\nMedical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.\nNeurocenter, Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.\nWork Ability and Working Careers, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.",
            "firstname": "Anna-Leena",
            "initials": "AL",
            "lastname": "Heikkinen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Work Ability and Working Careers, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.",
            "firstname": "Teemu I",
            "initials": "TI",
            "lastname": "Paajanen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.",
            "firstname": "Tuomo",
            "initials": "T",
            "lastname": "H\u00e4nninen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.\nMedical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.\nNeurocenter, Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.",
            "firstname": "Veera",
            "initials": "V",
            "lastname": "Tikkanen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Work Ability and Working Careers, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.",
            "firstname": "Christer",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Hublin"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.\nUnit of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.\nDepartment of Geriatrics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.\nClinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.",
            "firstname": "Anne M",
            "initials": "AM",
            "lastname": "Koivisto"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.\nClinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.",
            "firstname": "Anne M",
            "initials": "AM",
            "lastname": "Remes"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.\nMedical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.\nNeurocenter, Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.",
            "firstname": "Johanna",
            "initials": "J",
            "lastname": "Kr\u00fcger"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": "10.3233/JAD-230877",
    "journal": "Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD",
    "keywords": [
        "Alzheimer\u2019s disease",
        "cognition",
        "dementia",
        "depression",
        "frontotemporal dementia",
        "multimorbidity"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2024-02-02",
    "pubmed_id": "38306037",
    "results": "The most prevalent diagnoses were Alzheimer's disease (AD, 14%) and depression (11%). Multiple prior medical conditions were common (67%); however, EOD patients had fewer other diagnoses (p\u200a=\u200a0.008) than MCI-o patients. Compared to other groups, EOD patients had more severe deficits (p\u200a<\u200a0.001) on immediate and delayed memory, processing speed, symptom awareness, and global cognition. AD patients had weaker memory retention ability but less behavioral symptoms than frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients (p\u22640.05). Depression was associated with better immediate memory, symptom awareness, and global cognition than AD and FTD (p\u200a<\u200a0.05).",
    "title": "Neuropsychological Profiles, Etiologies, and Medical Comorbidities in Early-Onset Dementia and Cognitive Impairment: A Memory Outpatient Clinic Cohort Study.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788506bd0a90>"
}