{
    "abstract": "To examine the relation of caregiver-reported household food insecurity (FI) and child-reported FI with eating disorder (ED) risk factors and symptoms, including effect modification by gender, in preadolescent children.\nData were from the Family Food Study, a cross-sectional study of households with incomes \u2264200% of the federal poverty line in southeastern Michigan. Children aged 8-10\u2009years (n\u00a0=\u2009194) and their female primary caregivers reported separately on FI status. Children reported ED risk factors/symptoms via the 24-item Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT-24), with higher scores indicating more ED risk factors/symptoms. Linear mixed models were used to examine associations between FI measures with the ChEAT-24 total score, plus subscale scores for dieting, food preoccupation, weight preoccupation, vomiting, and social pressure to eat/gain weight. Models were adjusted for child age, child gender, caregiver race/ethnicity, caregiver education, and household income.\nAmong all children, child-reported FI, but not caregiver-reported household FI, was associated with more ED risk factors/symptoms. Child-reported FI (vs. no FI) was associated with higher average ChEAT-24 total score (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a02.41, 95% CI: 0.57, 4.25). Child-reported FI was also associated with more food preoccupation, more weight preoccupation, and more social pressure to eat. Caregiver-reported household FI was marginally associated with less dieting in girls, and child-reported FI was associated with more dieting in boys.\nChild-reported FI may be more salient than caregiver-reported household FI as a risk factor for ED-related outcomes in preadolescent children. Gender may modify the association between FI and dieting behavior.\nMore child-reported food insecurity, but not parent-reported household food insecurity, was associated with more eating disorder risk factors and symptoms among preadolescent boys and girls. These findings emphasize the need for future studies that investigate the role of food insecurity in the development of eating disorders, especially studies that measure child-reported experience of food insecurity.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.\nDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.",
            "firstname": "Mikayla R",
            "initials": "MR",
            "lastname": "Barry"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.",
            "firstname": "Kendrin R",
            "initials": "KR",
            "lastname": "Sonneville"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.",
            "firstname": "Andrea R",
            "initials": "AR",
            "lastname": "McGowan"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.",
            "firstname": "Belinda L",
            "initials": "BL",
            "lastname": "Needham"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.",
            "firstname": "Lindsay C",
            "initials": "LC",
            "lastname": "Kobayashi"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.",
            "firstname": "Cindy W",
            "initials": "CW",
            "lastname": "Leung"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2022 The Authors. International Journal of Eating Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.",
    "doi": "10.1002/eat.23784\n10.1016/j.jand.2018.07.007\n10.1093/jn/120.suppl_11.1555\n10.1016/j.jand.2021.01.025\n10.1016/j.jand.2015.01.011\n10.1177/2167702619851811\n10.1111/mcn.12206\n10.31486/toj.18.0037\n10.3148/71.3.2010.122\n10.1080/19320248.2015.1112756\n10.5993/AJHB.41.6.11\n10.1093/jpepsy/jss094\n10.1089/chi.2014.0093\n10.1186/s12889-019-6943-6\n10.1017/S1368980013002267\n10.1080/07409710.1987.9961923\n10.1080/19320248.2013.790775\n10.3945/jn.110.135988\n10.3945/jn.114.194365\n10.1093/jn/137.6.1460\n10.1007/s11920-020-01200-0\n10.1017/S1368980020000464\n10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.040\n10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.04.003\n10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.005\n10.1002/erv.2568\n10.1093/cdn/nzz106\n10.3390/nu11071574\n10.1002/oby.21075\n10.1097/HRP.0000000000000073\n10.1016/j.nut.2017.12.008\n10.1016/j.jand.2019.10.012\n10.1007/s40519-019-00712-w\n10.1002/eat.22189\n10.1097/00004583-198809000-00004\n10.1017/S1368980014001050\n10.1111/ijpo.12691\n10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.55\n10.1080/10640266.2020.1723343\n10.1016/j.appet.2017.10.029\n10.1002/eat.23062\n10.1186/s12889-021-10971-x\n10.1097/FCH.0000000000000183\n10.1080/07448481.2018.1529035\n10.1002/eat.20855\n10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.08.009\n10.1002/1098-108x(199411)16:3<275::aid-eat2260160308>3.0.co;2-u\n10.1016/j.brat.2011.06.009\n10.1002/eat.22308\n10.1038/ijo.2011.259\n10.1542/peds.2019-0397\n10.1002/brb3.1904",
    "journal": "The International journal of eating disorders",
    "keywords": [
        "children",
        "feeding and eating disorders",
        "food insecurity",
        "gender identity"
    ],
    "methods": "Data were from the Family Food Study, a cross-sectional study of households with incomes \u2264200% of the federal poverty line in southeastern Michigan. Children aged 8-10\u2009years (n\u00a0=\u2009194) and their female primary caregivers reported separately on FI status. Children reported ED risk factors/symptoms via the 24-item Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT-24), with higher scores indicating more ED risk factors/symptoms. Linear mixed models were used to examine associations between FI measures with the ChEAT-24 total score, plus subscale scores for dieting, food preoccupation, weight preoccupation, vomiting, and social pressure to eat/gain weight. Models were adjusted for child age, child gender, caregiver race/ethnicity, caregiver education, and household income.",
    "publication_date": "2022-07-24",
    "pubmed_id": "35869930\n30177299\n2243305\n33773946\n25824114\n26260139\n30559615\n20825692\n29025505\n22961314\n26258561\n31142305\n23988018\n21525257\n25733465\n17513407\n33125614\n32466815\n16815322\n28407601\n26851574\n29160017\n31637366\n31336880\n25959858\n26544091\n29547734\n31959490\n31119587\n24105668\n3182615\n24963759\n32558334\n32450945\n12642423\n32129723\n29079476\n30825346\n33985468\n29461310\n30388951\n20957702\n27611582\n7833961\n21764035\n24909947\n22234282\n31501236\n33078578",
    "results": "Among all children, child-reported FI, but not caregiver-reported household FI, was associated with more ED risk factors/symptoms. Child-reported FI (vs. no FI) was associated with higher average ChEAT-24 total score (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a02.41, 95% CI: 0.57, 4.25). Child-reported FI was also associated with more food preoccupation, more weight preoccupation, and more social pressure to eat. Caregiver-reported household FI was marginally associated with less dieting in girls, and child-reported FI was associated with more dieting in boys.",
    "title": "Caregiver-reported household food insecurity and child-reported food insecurity in relation to eating disorder risk factors and symptoms among preadolescent children.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x7885033ae4d0>"
}