{
    "abstract": "Uterine atony is a major cause of postpartum hemorrhage. We recently proposed a new concept for the histopathophysiology of refractory uterine atony, postpartum acute myometritis (PAM), characterized by acute inflammatory changes with massive stromal edema, increased numbers of complement C5a receptors and diffuse mast cell activation in the myometrium. We herein focused on the possible involvement of the kinin-kallikrein system in the rapid development of interstitial edema in PAM, particularly bradykinin receptor type 1 (B1R), which is up-regulated under inflammatory conditions. The present study investigated B1R expression with uterine interstitial edema in PAM.\nOur institution plays an important role in a Japanese amniotic fluid embolism registry project. We selected PAM cases from uterine samples delivered to us for further analyses between 2012 and 2017. Control tissues were collected during cesarean section and planned hysterectomy. B1R expression was semi-quantitatively measured by immunohistochemistry, while uterine interstitial edema was estimated by semi-quantitative measurements of the alpha smooth muscle actin-negative area using immunohistochemistry.\nThere were 36 and 8 cases in the PAM and control groups, respectively. The alpha smooth muscle actin-negative area was increased in the PAM group, concomitant with the significant up-regulation of B1R expression in uterine smooth muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells, and neutrophils. A positive correlation was observed between these two factors.\nWe demonstrated the up-regulated expression of B1R in the myometrium and its positive correlation with histologically estimated interstitial edema, suggesting the contribution of the kinin-kallikrein-B1R system to the development of interstitial edema in PAM cases.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Yi",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Shen"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Tomoaki",
            "initials": "T",
            "lastname": "Oda"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Naoaki",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Tamura"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Yukiko",
            "initials": "Y",
            "lastname": "Kohmura-Kobayashi"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Naomi",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Furuta-Isomura"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Chizuko",
            "initials": "C",
            "lastname": "Yaguchi"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Toshiyuki",
            "initials": "T",
            "lastname": "Uchida"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Kazunao",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Suzuki"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Hiroaki",
            "initials": "H",
            "lastname": "Itoh"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.",
            "firstname": "Naohiro",
            "initials": "N",
            "lastname": "Kanayama"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": "We demonstrated the up-regulated expression of B1R in the myometrium and its positive correlation with histologically estimated interstitial edema, suggesting the contribution of the kinin-kallikrein-B1R system to the development of interstitial edema in PAM cases.",
    "copyrights": "\u00a9 2019 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.",
    "doi": "10.1111/jog.14012",
    "journal": "The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research",
    "keywords": [
        "amniotic fluid embolism",
        "bradykinin",
        "interstitial edema",
        "postpartum hemorrhage",
        "uterine atony"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2019-06-11",
    "pubmed_id": "31179603",
    "results": "There were 36 and 8 cases in the PAM and control groups, respectively. The alpha smooth muscle actin-negative area was increased in the PAM group, concomitant with the significant up-regulation of B1R expression in uterine smooth muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells, and neutrophils. A positive correlation was observed between these two factors.",
    "title": "Elevated bradykinin receptor type 1 expression in postpartum acute myometritis: Possible involvement in augmented interstitial edema of the atonic gravid uterus.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788504c62b10>"
}