{
    "abstract": "Radars are promising tools for contactless vital sign monitoring. As a screening device, radars could supplement polysomnography, the gold standard in sleep medicine. When the radar is placed lateral to the person, vital signs can be extracted simultaneously from multiple body parts. Here, we present a method to select every available breathing and heartbeat signal, instead of selecting only one optimal signal. Using multiple concurrent signals can enhance vital rate robustness and accuracy. We built an algorithm based on persistence diagrams, a modern tool for time series analysis from the field of topological data analysis. Multiple criteria were evaluated on the persistence diagrams to detect breathing and heartbeat signals. We tested the feasibility of the method on simultaneous overnight radar and polysomnography recordings from six healthy participants. Compared against single bin selection, multiple selection lead to improved accuracy for both breathing (mean absolute error: 0.29 vs. 0.20 breaths per minute) and heart rate (mean absolute error: 1.97 vs. 0.66 beats per minute). Additionally, fewer artifactual segments were selected. Furthermore, the distribution of chosen vital signs along the body aligned with basic physiological assumptions. In conclusion, contactless vital sign monitoring could benefit from the improved accuracy achieved by multiple selection. The distribution of vital signs along the body could provide additional information for sleep monitoring.",
    "authors": [
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.\nMedizinische Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.\nFraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology IDMT, Oldenburg Branch for Hearing, Speech and Audio Technology HSA, Marie-Curie-Stra\u00dfe 2, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.",
            "firstname": "Benedek",
            "initials": "B",
            "lastname": "Szmola"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology IDMT, Oldenburg Branch for Hearing, Speech and Audio Technology HSA, Marie-Curie-Stra\u00dfe 2, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.",
            "firstname": "Lars",
            "initials": "L",
            "lastname": "Hornig"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology IDMT, Oldenburg Branch for Hearing, Speech and Audio Technology HSA, Marie-Curie-Stra\u00dfe 2, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.",
            "firstname": "Karen Insa",
            "initials": "KI",
            "lastname": "Wolf"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.",
            "firstname": "Andreas",
            "initials": "A",
            "lastname": "Radeloff"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.",
            "firstname": "Karsten",
            "initials": "K",
            "lastname": "Witt"
        },
        {
            "affiliation": "Medizinische Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.",
            "firstname": "Birger",
            "initials": "B",
            "lastname": "Kollmeier"
        }
    ],
    "conclusions": null,
    "copyrights": null,
    "doi": "10.3390/s25082596\n10.1161/CIR.0000000000001078\n10.5665/sleep.1846\n10.5888/pcd10.130081\n10.1007/s11892-014-0507-z\n10.1016/j.sleep.2020.07.048\n10.1111/sbr.12064\n10.1111/jsr.12104\n10.1007/s40675-020-00197-5\n10.5664/jcsm.2172\n10.1164/rccm.200308-1124PP\n10.5664/jcsm.6506\n10.1016/S0022-3956(01)00019-X\n10.1016/j.sleep.2021.12.007\n10.3122/jabfm.2015.04.140266\n10.1007/s13534-023-00305-8\n10.1097/MCP.0000000000000726\n10.3390/s23115038\n10.3390/s22239565\n10.1038/s41598-018-31748-0\n10.3390/bioengineering10010109\n10.3390/s20226505\n10.3390/s24031003\n10.1109/JPROC.2023.3244362\n10.1109/JETCAS.2017.2789278\n10.3390/app11104514\n10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3132608\n10.1109/TMTT.2014.2358572\n10.3390/s24113548\n10.3390/s17020290\n10.1007/s00454-004-1146-y\n10.1002/wics.1548\n10.1016/j.bspc.2023.105760\n10.3389/fphys.2021.637684\n10.1063/5.0137223\n10.1016/j.jbi.2022.104082\n10.1109/LSP.2017.2699924\n10.3390/s20102999\n10.1109/TMTT.2017.2677910\n10.1109/TMTT.2019.2930504\n10.3390/s19183938\n10.5694/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01825.x\n10.12968/bjon.2020.29.1.12\n10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2006.09.003\n10.1038/s41746-019-0134-9\n10.21105/joss.00925\n10.3934/fods.2021012\n10.1183/09031936.04.00072304\n10.1152/japplphysiol.00508.2016",
    "journal": "Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)",
    "keywords": [
        "chirp median",
        "lateral placement",
        "multiple range bin selection",
        "persistence diagram",
        "radar",
        "sleep monitoring",
        "time delay embedding",
        "topological data analysis",
        "vital sign monitoring"
    ],
    "methods": null,
    "publication_date": "2025-04-26",
    "pubmed_id": "40285284\n35766027\n22654183\n23928458\n24816752\n32951993\n24237855\n31277862\n33251088\n23066376\n15003950\n28162150\n11461712\n34998093\n26152443\n37519880\n32941350\n37299762\n36502267\n30194402\n36671681\n33202567\n38339721\n38894339\n28165416\n33732168\n37003815\n35508272\n32466309\n31547328\n18513176\n31917943\n17276451\n31304404\n15572552\n28183817",
    "results": null,
    "title": "Feasibility of Radar Vital Sign Monitoring Using Multiple Range Bin Selection.",
    "xml": "<Element 'PubmedArticle' at 0x788506aeb600>"
}